Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales

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Author: search.filters.author.Sánchez Gavilánez, Joselyn Andrea

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    Los jueces de paz y el derecho constitucional de acceso a la justicia en Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2020-09) Sánchez Gavilánez, Joselyn Andrea; Jordán Buenaño, Jeanette Elizabeth
    Justices of the Peace have been incorporated into Ecuadorian Legislation, as a way to improve the Judicial System. In such case, the Magna Carta of Ecuador in 1998 (Const, 1998, art. 191) already recognizes the existence of the Justice of the Peace in charge of resolving community conflicts caused by equity. However, the application of the system demonstrated various inconsistencies and flaws and didn’t produce the desired outcome. As mentioned, in the Constitution of 2008 (Const, 2008, art. 189) the blueprints of this legal figure were restored. Paradoxically, these continued preconceptions continue being ineffective when guaranteeing optimum access to the Justice System. It is well established, that the intention of the judicial role in creating the Justice of the Peace is about gaining justice for those in rural areas of the country. However, the lack of objectivity and interest in the system doesn’t allow to break down the long existing financial and geographical barriers which separate these people from normal law. In such instances, it is vital to evaluate the legal and social aspects which impact on their effective application. In the same way an investigation is required to highlight the range and execution of conflict resolution through the Justice of the Peace. In this ruling, the Justice of the Peace is charged with issuing conciliation acts and equity resolutions to solve the dispute. However, there are no educational requirements to be a Justice of the Peace, in such case the lack of an academic background leads to a society doubting the effective protection and legal security of their rights. Furthermore, there doesn’t exist a legal measure to resolve such cases in the instance of one party not complying. Under these considerations, it is necessary to know the use of these regulations. A measure that will contribute with the State to adopt such necessary measures will benefit the most forgotten in our society, those in rural areas and those in need of means to effectively access their right to the legal system.
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    El principio de reciprocidad entre padres e hijos y la declaración judicial de la filiación
    (2015) Sánchez Gavilánez, Joselyn Andrea; Cortés Naranjo, Edwin
    El trabajo de graduación bajo la modalidad de Tesis titulado “El Principio de Reciprocidad entre Padres e Hijos y la Declaración Judicial de la Filiación”, plantea dar a la Familia la importancia que se merece dentro del ámbito legislativo, sobre todo cuando el Código Civil contiene una normativa ambigua que menoscaba los derechos de los progenitores cuando la filiación es declarada judicialmente ocasionando una vulneración al Principio de Reciprocidad de Derechos entre padres e hijos amparado por la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. La disposición legal del Art. 25 del Código Civil, establece que en caso de que la paternidad o maternidad haya sido declarada judicialmente, los padres tienen todas las obligaciones respecto de los hijos, pero no pueden exigir ningún derecho ni siquiera el de herencia, lo cual atenta contra los principios de protección a la familia establecidos en el Art. 69 numerales 2 y 5 de la Constitución, en los cuales se establece como principio normativo, que el Estado promoverá la protección de los derechos recíprocos entre padres e hijos. Esto ocasiona varios inconvenientes jurídicos, puesto que si el progenitor no puede exigir ningún derecho, no podría plantear una acción de alimentos congruos contra el hijo, en el caso de que se encuentre en estado de grave necesidad económica, ni inclusive tendría derecho al socorro y cuidado que establece el mismo Código Civil en sus Arts. 266 y 267. A través de una profunda investigación se determina que existen inconsistencias en el tratamiento de ciertos temas relacionados a la familia, en donde los administradores de justicia han procurado siempre precautelar los derechos de los niños dejando de lado a los progenitores y dando como resultado: una vulneración de los derechos del progenitor, inseguridad jurídica y una evidente inequidad y desigualdad en el cumplimiento de obligaciones familiares. Por lo que en el Ecuador se requiere de reformas legales que permitan garantizar los derechos de todos los ciudadanos. This thesis entitled "The Principle of Reciprocity between parents and children and the judicial declaration of filiation", poses the question does the family have the attention it deserves within the legislative sphere, especially when the Civil Code contains an ambiguous legislation which undermines the rights of parents when paternity is judicially causing a violation of the principle of reciprocity of rights between parents and children protected by the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. The legal provision of Art. 25 of the Civil Code provides that if parenthood has been declared judicially, parents have obligations to all children, but cannot claim any rights or even that of inheritance, which violates the principles of protection of the family established in Art. 69 paragraphs 2 and 5 of the Constitution, which declares a normative principle that the State shall promote the protection of reciprocal rights between parents and children. This causes various legal disadvantages, since if the parent cannot demand any rights, they could not raise an action for maintenance congruous against the son, unless in the event that there is a state of severe economic need, or would even be entitled to relief and care stated in the Civil Code in Arts. 266 and 267. Through a thorough investigation it will be determined that there are inconsistencies in the treatment of certain issues related to the family, where managers have always sought justice forewarn the rights of children leaving aside the parents and resulting: a violation of the rights of the parent, legal uncertainty and a clear inequity and inequality in fulfilling family obligations.