Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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    Caracterización in vitro de andamios biológicos elaborados a partir de biopolímeros naturales para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Ramírez Manzano, Víctor Xavier; Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    The shortage of organ donors and the lack of techniques to regenerate injured tissues pose a challenge worldwide, making tissue engineering a promising alternative. In this discipline, cells, biological scaffolds, and factors are combined to generate functional tissues. This study focused on the development and characterization of scaffolds made from natural biopolymers, as these provide the basis for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen, chitosan, and collagen - chitosan (hybrid) scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization. Their morphology was evaluated by SEM (porosity) and ethanol infiltration (porosity percentage). In addition, hemocompatibility was characterized by swelling, clotting index, hemolysis, and red blood cell and platelet adhesion tests. The results showed that the hybrid scaffold has the best properties and is the most suitable for future research. However, it is proposed to use the collagen scaffold for epithelial tissue studies, the chitosan scaffold for bone and cartilage tissues, and the hybrid scaffold for bone, cartilage, and connective tissues. Future studies will evaluate the bioactivity of the scaffolds with cells, therefore, to ensure sterility of the scaffolds for cell culture, two sterilization methods were investigated: ultraviolet irradiation and ethanol (65-70 percent). UV light proved to be the best method due to the time required and ease of use. In conclusion, the characterization carried out on the ABs suggests that they possess adequate characteristics for future investigations related to tissue development; however, the collagen - chitosan scaffold presents better morphological characteristics. These ABs will be used in future evaluations of cell growth and proliferation.
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    Caracterización in vitro de andamios biológicos elaborados a partir de biopolímeros naturales para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09) Piñaloza Vásconez, Leslie de los Ángeles; Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    The shortage of organ donors and the lack of techniques to regenerate injured tissues pose a challenge worldwide, making tissue engineering a promising alternative. In this discipline, cells, biological scaffolds, and factors are combined to generate functional tissues. This study focused on the development and characterization of scaffolds made from natural biopolymers, as these provide the basis for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen, chitosan, and collagen - chitosan (hybrid) scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization. Their morphology was evaluated by SEM (porosity) and ethanol infiltration (porosity percentage). In addition, hemocompatibility was characterized by swelling, clotting index, hemolysis, and red blood cell and platelet adhesion tests. The results showed that the hybrid scaffold has the best properties and is the most suitable for future research. However, it is proposed to use the collagen scaffold for epithelial tissue studies, the chitosan scaffold for bone and cartilage tissues, and the hybrid scaffold for bone, cartilage, and connective tissues. Future studies will evaluate the bioactivity of the scaffolds with cells, therefore, to ensure sterility of the scaffolds for cell culture, two sterilization methods were investigated: ultraviolet irradiation and ethanol (65-70 percent). UV light proved to be the best method due to the time required and ease of use. In conclusion, the characterization carried out on the ABs suggests that they possess adequate characteristics for future investigations related to tissue development; however, the collagen - chitosan scaffold presents better morphological characteristics. These ABs will be used in future evaluations of cell growth and proliferation.
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    Elaboración de andamios biológicos a partir de biopolímeros naturales mediante métodos manuales y bioimpresión 3D para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09) Guáitara Martínez, Sandro Daniel; Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    There are thousands of patients with injuries that cannot be adequately treated, making tissue engineering a great alternative. Although it is not limited only to this because it can also be suitable for the development of drugs and the study of diseases. The aim of this research is to elaborate different scaffolds with potential applications in tissue engineering, using natural polymers. For this purpose, freeze-drying as a manual method and 3D bioprinting were used. The solutions for the scaffolds were elaborated by dissolving chitosan and collagen in acetic acid and mixing them with an agarose solution in PBS; these solutions were freeze-dried to obtain dry and porous scaffolds. For the 3D bioprinter, the solutions were printed in the form of 4 cm square squares, with a mesh inside. They were evaluated by SEM in order to measure the pore size and analyze their surface area. Using the ethanol infiltration method, a better understanding of the pores was obtained. Water absorption capacity tests were performed. Due to the importance of biodegradability, it was evaluated by immersion in blood plasma for 2, 4 and 7 days. Finally, the biomineralization of the scaffolds was also evaluated in the same way as biodegradability, i.e., incubating in blood plasma. With the evaluation of the characteristics, it was analyzed for which tissues the scaffolds could be useful, which was mainly bone and dermal tissue.
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    Extracción de gelatina mediante ácido acético utilizando como materia prima desechos de curtiembres
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-01) Casa Quinapallo, Liliana Mishell; Cabrera Valle, Daniel Alfonso
    The research work is presented as an alternative to extract gelatin using as a base waste from tanneries, companies dedicated to the transformation of leather to leather. The waste generated (glues, scraps, and meat) in these industries represents large quantities, reaching values of glues 28,800 units to the month, meat 150 720 kg to the month and scrap 8,321 kg to the month. Currently, these wastes are taken to the sanitary landfill through an environmental manager. Useful experimental techniques were used to obtain a higher yield and a lower environmental impact. The protein analysis was carried out for each sample, obtaining 30.4 percent; the percentage in tails, the 22.6 percent; the percentage in remnant and bait with 9.42 percent the percentage; high values due to the composition of the waste itself. The behavior of these by-products was observed with different concentrations of acetic acid (0.5-1 mole per liter), for a period of 24 hours. 18 treatments are presented, the most optimal for tails T16 (1 mole per liter acid concentration), T12 remnant (0.8 mole per liter acid concentration) and T8 bait (0.7 mole per liter acid concentration), at these concentrations the pH values after the second neutralization are in the range of the control taken, a higher acid concentration is required for the tails due to the presence of different types of collagens in the sample.
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    Caracterización de hidrolizados de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa), soya (Glicine max) y colágeno
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos., 2018-02) Herrera Anchatuña, Estefanía Carolina; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The purpose of this work was to characterize the hydrolysates of quinoa, soybean and collagen by determining the amine nitrogen content, chromatographic profile and SDS PAGE electrophoresis. The amine nitrogen content is related to the degree of hydrolysis of each of the hydrolysates, the soy hydrolyzate had a higher content of amine nitrogen with 0.94 percent more less 0.002. The results of the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with 2-mercaptoethanol showed that the gels of each of the hydrolysates with their respective protein isolates, the hydrolyzate bands are of lower coloration compared to the protein isolates, because the weights Molecules are inferior because of what it finds in peptides and amino acids. The chromatographic profile in the 3 hydrolysates showed that the protein is indeed in peptide units, therefore the hydrolysis process was ideal. When the hydrolysates are in the form of peptides, they are easily absorbed in the bloodstream, improving absorption.