Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CARNAZA

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    Optimización del proceso de secado del chicharrón obtenido de los residuos de carnaza de una curtiembre de Ambato para la elaboración de harina para consumo animal
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Nata Pachucho, Edgar Renan; Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
    The tanning industry in Ecuador is thriving due to the high demand for leather to manufacture clothing and footwear. However, it is also recognized for its negative impact on the environment. The tannery in Ambato produces around 4 tons of solid waste daily. Therefore, this research aims to implement a process to valorize the fleshing, a by-product of the tanning process, to produce protein flour for animal feed. This process includes several steps such as chopping, cooking, drying, grinding, and sieving. The main objectives of this work were: to characterize the fleshing in terms of moisture, fats, proteins, and nutrients, to cook the fleshing by controlling time, temperature, and pressure, and to optimize the drying process to obtain flour suitable for animal feed. It was determined that the optimum drying temperature is 60 degrees Celsius for 625 minutes, resulting in a yield of 36.66 percent of dried pork rind with a moisture content of 7.91 percent. The fleshing flour is rich in protein (56.60 percent) and fat (41.67 percent), making it a valuable ingredient for animal feed because a high-protein food contributes to growth. Additionally, it meets most of the requirements set by the INEN 1829.
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    Optimización del proceso de troceado de carnaza residual de una curtiembre en la ciudad de Ambato para la elaborar una harina para consumo animal
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Alvarez Blacio, Anthony Andrés; Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
    Tanneries generate tons of solid and liquid waste during the production of leather, which causes environmental and health problems, in addition to being a waste of money for the companies to dispose of. The solid waste that is normally sent to the landfill consists of massive quantities of meat, skin, and fat, especially the fleshing from the deboning process, which makes it a perfect raw material to produce flour or protein bases. The following work is intended to optimize the process of cutting the meat obtained from tanneries in the city of Ambato, to produce greaves, which will serve as the basis for obtaining some flour for animal consumption. To obtain the greaves, 4 kilograms of meat was cooked at 60 degrees Celsius with contrasting times and sizes of pieces, using at the end pieces of 3x3 centimeters and 90 minutes, which were dried at 90 degrees Celsius for 10 hours in an oven to eliminate most of the humidity. The flour resulting from the grinding and sieving of the crackling was analyzed by physicochemical analysis obtaining data on moisture, ash, protein, pH, acidity index, and saponification index within the parameters of the INEN 1829:2014 standard, on the other hand, the percentage of fat is higher than allowed; therefore, it is possible to use this flour as a protein base, and further, improve it by mixing it with other products to obtain a more nutritious balanced.
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    Extracción de gelatina mediante ácido acético utilizando como materia prima desechos de curtiembres
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-01) Casa Quinapallo, Liliana Mishell; Cabrera Valle, Daniel Alfonso
    The research work is presented as an alternative to extract gelatin using as a base waste from tanneries, companies dedicated to the transformation of leather to leather. The waste generated (glues, scraps, and meat) in these industries represents large quantities, reaching values of glues 28,800 units to the month, meat 150 720 kg to the month and scrap 8,321 kg to the month. Currently, these wastes are taken to the sanitary landfill through an environmental manager. Useful experimental techniques were used to obtain a higher yield and a lower environmental impact. The protein analysis was carried out for each sample, obtaining 30.4 percent; the percentage in tails, the 22.6 percent; the percentage in remnant and bait with 9.42 percent the percentage; high values due to the composition of the waste itself. The behavior of these by-products was observed with different concentrations of acetic acid (0.5-1 mole per liter), for a period of 24 hours. 18 treatments are presented, the most optimal for tails T16 (1 mole per liter acid concentration), T12 remnant (0.8 mole per liter acid concentration) and T8 bait (0.7 mole per liter acid concentration), at these concentrations the pH values after the second neutralization are in the range of the control taken, a higher acid concentration is required for the tails due to the presence of different types of collagens in the sample.