Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CALIDAD AMBIENTAL

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    Estandarización de procesos de control de calidad para análisis fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de las grasas de una curtiduría de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Larcos Castro, Carla Michelle; Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
    In Ecuador, the leather industry plays a crucial role in the economy, being a strategic sector that significantly contributes to the country's development. During the processing of bovine hides, between 70 and 230 kg of waste is generated from the fleshing process, including fats. This type of solid waste is deposited in landfills, reaching between 5 and 7 tons per day, generating unpleasant odors, attracting unwanted animals, and increasing respiratory and dermatological diseases. To reduce the pollution caused by these fats, the present work aims to standardize quality control processes for physicochemical and microbiological analyses of this raw material. The applied procedures have been based on recognized standards such as INEN Standard 1313:2012 and AOAC Standard 920.39. Guidelines have been extracted from other current standards such as ISO 11133:2014 and ARCSA. These methodologies have been adapted to bovine fat samples for the subsequent implementation of a manual of operational procedures. This will enable them to have proper quality control before entering the market, reduce environmental impact, and allow tannery industries to save on additional costs associated with waste disposal. In conclusion, proper management of bovine fat, supported by robust quality control, offers the possibility of efficiently utilizing this resource. To achieve this, methodological and economic parameters necessary for implementing a quality control laboratory are proposed.
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    Evaluación de riesgos químicos por Benceno, Tolueno y Xileno en los puestos críticos de los laboratorios de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-03) Peralta Álvarez, Katherine Alejandra; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    An evaluation analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the different laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato was carried out using the Quality Norm for internal environments ISO 171330. Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) were sampled using the Norm of UNE 689 Chemical Risk Assessment, measurement tests were carried out in the Physical-Chemical and Instrumental Analysis, General Chemistry, and Food Research Center laboratories for 90 working days. The BriD MX6 (direct-photoionized measurement) was used for the measurements. The exposure indices in parts per million (ppm) were: Instrumental Analysis: benzene 10.35, toluene 0.12, xylene: meta 0.08, ortho 0.07, para 0.08, General Chemistry: benzene 22.13, toluene 0.13, xylene: meta 0.17, ortho 0.17 and for 0.12; and the Food Research Center: benzene 17.74, toluene 0.14, xylene: meta 0.13, ortho 0.17 and for 0.15; determining a value of the total exposure index in ppm: Instrumental Analysis of 10.54, general chemistry of 22.71 and the Food Research Center 22.76. Exceeding the Recommended Environmental Limit Value (VLA). Finally, an attenuation system was developed calculating a total ventilation flow for each of the laboratories in cubic meters per hour. Laboratories use BTX in different concentrations, this causes its concentrations to vary. Finally, the total evaporation rate calculated in liters per hour was obtained. The parameters required by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene (INSHT) were used.by the Institute of Occupational Safety and Hygiene (INSHT) were used.
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    Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de un laboratorio de análisis de lixiviados de la Empresa Pública Municipal Gestión Integral de Desechos Sólidos de Ambato (EPM-GIDSA)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-09) Mera Tapia, Jéssica Carolina; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    In the landfill is given the final process of the litter, its degradation produces a toxic liquid called Leachates, it is treated to be discharged and depending on the quality of the liquid, it can generate pollution in the Culapachán river, that is the reason why it has to be controlled and tested in order to check if the liquid gets the allowed limits, taking into account the rules of discharging liquids according to the TULAS. This investigation concluded with the idea of creating a laboratory where the Leached could be studied to control the liquid quality through technical and economic studies. In the technical study, the investigation was based on physical and chemical statements to start a deep analysis of the quality of liquids. From this investigation, the material, the equipment, the lab material and the necessary reagents. In addition, the structural design and basic lab services was created. In the economic research, the results provided financial rates that allowed to accept and reject the project, the Net present value (VAN) of dollars the Indoernal rate of return (VAN) of dollars 30.778,50, the Internal rate of return (TIR) del 35,73 percet, the Cost benefit relation of 1,18, the Period of Recuperation in the Investment of 2 years and 4 months and a rentability of 43,15 percent of the project. The results of the financial rates show that the implementation of a lab to analyze Leachates in the EPM- GIDSA is achievable and it will generate economical savings, at the moment of working by itself, trying not to hire external labs.