Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

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    Evaluación de cultivos resilientes al cambio climático como una medida de adaptación para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria en la provincia de Tungurahua en los cantones Mocha, Tisaleo y Píllaro
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-09) Guananga Sisa, Rosa Gabriela; Franco Crespo, Christian David
    Agricultural resilience over time has been adapting its recovery capacity to different weather changes to offer a guarantee of food security. These crops take advantage of biodiversity, organic fertilizers, agroforestry systems, in order to better adapt to stress and pests caused by some climatic variability, generating the necessary nutrients and resistance to pests, since by using organic fertilizers, they provide greater protection to the roots of the plants. In this research, a mixed methodology was used, where a bibliographical-documentary review of the resilience of blackberry, potato, corn and tree tomato crops in the cantons of Pillaro, Tisaleo and Mocha was initially carried out using databases such as: Scielo, MDPI, NCBI, Elsevier, among others, then an analysis of the data obtained from surveys carried out previously with 244 farmers from the 3 cantons considering 4 factors: sociodemographic, agriculture, climate change and food security, for the analysis of the data the statistical program SPSS V25 was used, which allowed the analysis of 30 variables, obtaining the relationship of the variables through Speraman's Rho and Anova. Finally, using the multiple linear regression model, a determination coefficient of 0.1 was determined, evidencing a relationship between food security and the significant variables and determining that the blackberry crop presents the best resilience characteristics for climate change, with the decrease in harvest due to drought being the factor that most influences food security.
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    Análisis de los efectos en la disponibilidad de alimentos, mediante indicadores de seguridad alimentaria y la percepción de cambio climático de los agricultores de Mocha, Tisaleo y Píllaro
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-09) Iglesias Sánchez, Ximena Katherine; Franco Crespo, Christian David
    Food security is a field of study that every day is part of the agendas of governments as part of meeting the food demands of the population. Likewise, it has been studied to understand the dimensions in which social welfare is fulfilled. However, one of the main causes that has caused negative indices of food security is climate change. However, in Ecuador there is no research that analyzes these effects in each area, creating uncertainty and concern due to the lack of information for an analysis of future consequences. That is why the purpose of this work seeks to analyze the perception of climate change of the producers of the Mocha, Tisaleo and Píllaro cantons and the effects on food availability. To determine these effects, availability indicators were used, related to the scenarios of climatic variation RCP 4.5 and 8.5, which were determined by the perception of the producers through an interview and later the data were processed statistically, giving us results of the possible consequences. In the future of climatic variation, the ELCSA instrument is finally applied and with the RASCH analysis to determine the availability and access to food. It is concluded that climate change drastically affected the producers of Mocha, Píllaro and Tisaleo, therefore, the food security of the producers and their families is in danger, affecting the first link of social welfare.
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    Determinación de escenarios de la producción de alimentos frente al Cambio Climático en la Provincia de Tungurahua tomando como muestra los cultivos de maíz (Zea mays), papa (Solanum tuberosum), mora (Rubus ulmifolius) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-09) Villamarín Cueva, Andrea Belén; Franco Crespo, Christian David
    In Ecuador, the study of the climate is a complicated subject because there are few records, especially in remote areas where it is known that there are negative effects of Climate Change, however, they have not been quantified, creating uncertainty by not having information for a analysis of future consequences and makes it difficult to implement actions to combat the effects of the climate. Pests and diseases in crops, the increase in temperature, water scarcity and the variation of rainfall are the impacts that affect agricultural production and the availability of food. To determine the impact of the Climate Change Scenarios in Ecuador on the production of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius), tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), corn (Zea mays), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the province of Tungurahua was used The GAMS software, with the use of linear programming and based on databases, surveys and information collected, provided data on the future consequences of the studied crops as a result. With the analysis of each result on the incidence of water scarcity aggravated by Climate Change, it is established that the only crop that would be able to resist this change by 2050 would be corn, which could generate an increase in prices of The crops forging problems for the Food Security of Ecuador by not having enough resources to maintain production and supply the population.
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    Determinación de escenarios de la producción de alimentos frente al Cambio Climático en la Provincia de Tungurahua tomando como muestra los cultivos de maíz (Zea mays), papa (Solanum tuberosum), mora (Rubus ulmifolius) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2021-09) Jordán Lescano, Andrés Isaac; Franco Crespo, Christian David
    In Ecuador, the study of the climate is a complicated subject because there are few records, especially in remote areas where it is known that there are negative effects of Climate Change, however, they have not been quantified, creating uncertainty by not having information for a analysis of future consequences and makes it difficult to implement actions to combat the effects of the climate. Pests and diseases in crops, the increase in temperature, water scarcity and the variation of rainfall are the impacts that affect agricultural production and the availability of food. To determine the impact of the Climate Change Scenarios in Ecuador on the production of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius), tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), corn (Zea mays), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the province of Tungurahua was used The GAMS software, with the use of linear programming and based on databases, surveys and information collected, provided data on the future consequences of the studied crops as a result. With the analysis of each result on the incidence of water scarcity aggravated by Climate Change, it is established that the only crop that would be able to resist this change by 2050 would be corn, which could generate an increase in prices of The crops forging problems for the Food Security of Ecuador by not having enough resources to maintain production and supply the population.
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    Inventario de emisiones atmosféricas, de fuentes fijas y móviles basados en datos existentes, de la ciudad de Ambato, año 2015.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-10) Lozada Proaño, Andrés Darío; Sánchez Almeida, Miguel Andrés
    The purpose of this research was to estimate the level of atmospheric pollution caused by urban transport and cauldrons to diesel in the city of Ambato. For evaluate them emissions in sources fixed and mobile, is used them methodologies of the Panel Intergovernmental on change climate (IPCC) and of the Agency of protection of the environment of United States (USEPA), since the structure and functionality of these processes are designed to determine the amount of NOX, other, PM10, PM2.5, CO, SO2, CO2, CH4 and N2O. After get the data is carried out the analysis descriptive in EXCEL and the analysis inferential in INFOSTAT. There are 5 operators of mass transport a total of 399 units in the mobile sources, which emitted 29533,39 tons per year of CO2 and fixed sources worked with a total of 23 companies, which emit 5290,972 tonnes per year of carbon dioxide (CO2), this being the most representative in both cases contaminant. Finally, obtained updated information about atmospheric emissions generated in the city and thus find solutions for the management of air pollution.