Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología
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Item Evaluación de la incidencia de Woody Plant Medium y ácido indol-3-butírico sobre el enraizamiento in vitro de explantes de Myrcianthes rhopaloides. Articulado al Proyecto de Prácticas de Servicio Comunitario aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONVISO-2024-009(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Rivadeneira Salazar, Evelyn Monserrath; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaThis work focused on the in vitro rooting of explants of Myrcianthes rhopaloides, an endangered plant with high ecological and pharmacological value. The research aims to contribute to scientific knowledge on the propagation of native plants with therapeutic potential and to support the conservation of this species through micropropagation techniques. The methodology included the selection and disinfection of explants from healthy young branches of M. rhopaloides, which were grown in enriched media with different concentrations of AIB. Periodic measurements were performed to assess the viability of explants, the percentage of oxidation, contamination and the length of roots formed. In addition, digital tools such as SmartRoot software were used to analyze root development. The experimental design was structured using factorial tests with several replicates to ensure the reliability of the results. The results showed that internodal explants showed better root development compared to apical explants. A concentration of 0.2 mg per liter of AIB was found to promote root growth effectively, although it also increased the oxidation of the explants. Viability rates reached 62.5 percent in WPM treated explants, while the percentage of contamination and oxidation remained below 20 percent. These findings highlight the importance of adjusting culture conditions and hormone concentrations to maximize in vitro culture success.Item Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de los aceites esenciales microencapsulados de Salvia rosmarinus (romero) y Mentha piperita (menta negra) frente a Cladosporium fulvum Cooke(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Chérrez Carriel, Allison Anabel; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoRosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an aromatic plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. As an essential oil, it provides various functions, the most notable being its antifungal activity due to its chemical composition of cineole and borneol. On the other hand, Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is an aromatic plant known for its intense flavor and minty aroma. Its essential oil contains potent antifungal properties, largely attributed to menthol, which can disrupt fungal cell membranes or completely inhibit fungal growth. This study focused on evaluating the antifungal activity of microencapsulated essential oils of rosemary and black peppermint against Cladosporium fulvum Cooke. The oils were encapsulated using the spray-drying microencapsulation method, employing a mixture of maltodextrin and gum arabic as microencapsulating polymers. In vitro tests were conducted with different concentrations of the treatments under study and compared with a control group. Results showed that black peppermint essential oil was the most effective in controlling the phytopathogenic fungus, achieving a 66.8 percent inhibitory effect on mycelial growth. These findings suggest that the microencapsulation technique for essential oils holds great potential as a natural fungicide to control the phytopathogen C. fulvum Cooke in crops, offering a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.Item Análisis de la rizósfera de cultivos de fresa selectos de la Unión De Productores Agroecológicos De Tungurahua aplicando técnicas de meta-taxonomía 16s Rrna. Articulado al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Rojas Fernández, Juliana Antonella; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardocultivated in Tungurahua, Ecuador, highlighting its critical role in soil health and agricultural sustainability. Understanding the composition and functionality of microbial communities in the rhizosphere is essential for developing efficient agricultural practices and enhancing crop resilience to environmental stressors. This research provides foundational insights for future studies exploring the potential of these microbial communities to improve soil fertility and agricultural productivity under specific agroecological conditions. Samples were collected from six representative localities and analyzed using bioinformatics tools such as QIIME 2, EzBiocloud, and PICRUSt to assess microbial diversity and predict functional profiles. Proteobacteria was identified as the dominant phylum, followed by Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. The highest microbial richness was observed in La Florida and Chiquicha Chico, with Chao1 values surpassing four thousand, whereas Yacupamba exhibited lower diversity due to acidic soils and low organic matter levels. Key metabolic pathways such as nitrogen fixation and antimicrobial compound synthesis were identified, with notable microorganisms including A. xylosoxidans and A. calcoaceticus. Although statistical differences were not significant, the results are highly relevant for generating hypotheses about the relationship between microbial composition and soil health. Expanding the scope of this study with larger sample sizes and integrating advanced techniques like functional metagenomics and metabolomics could facilitate the development of specific biofertilizers and sustainable agricultural strategies, ultimately enhancing crop resilience and productivity under changing environmental conditions.Item Análisis de la rizósfera de cultivos de fresa selectos de la Unión de Productores Agroecológicos de Tungurahua aplicando técnicas de meta-taxonomía 16s Rrna. Articulado al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Cajas Corrales, Kathelyn Noemi; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoThis study analyzes the rhizosphere microbiota of F. x ananassa Albión Californiana cultivated in Tungurahua, Ecuador, highlighting its critical role in soil health and agricultural sustainability. Understanding the composition and functionality of microbial communities in the rhizosphere is essential for developing efficient agricultural practices and enhancing crop resilience to environmental stressors. This research provides foundational insights for future studies exploring the potential of these microbial communities to improve soil fertility and agricultural productivity under specific agroecological conditions. Samples were collected from six representative localities and analyzed using bioinformatics tools such as QIIME 2, EzBiocloud, and PICRUSt to assess microbial diversity and predict functional profiles. Proteobacteria was identified as the dominant phylum, followed by Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. The highest microbial richness was observed in La Florida and Chiquicha Chico, with Chao1 values surpassing four thousand, whereas Yacupamba exhibited lower diversity due to acidic soils and low organic matter levels. Key metabolic pathways such as nitrogen fixation and antimicrobial compound synthesis were identified, with notable microorganisms including A. xylosoxidans and A. calcoaceticus. Although statistical differences were not significant, the results are highly relevant for generating hypotheses about the relationship between microbial composition and soil health. Expanding the scope of this study with larger sample sizes and integrating advanced techniques like functional metagenomics and metabolomics could facilitate the development of specific biofertilizers and sustainable agricultural strategies, ultimately enhancing crop resilience and productivity under changing environmental conditions.Item Bioprospección de bacteriófagos líticos contra bacterias patógenas causantes de marchitez bacteriana en cultivos selectos de tomate riñón en Tungurahua. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Orozco Burbano, Erika Tatiana; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoBacterial wilt is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide, caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in soil and plants. It mainly affects the Solanaceae family, including tomato crops, causing large economic losses due to the destruction of crops. In this study, bacteria present in crops with bacterial wilt symptoms of tomato crops in Tungurahua were isolated, identified and characterized. Biochemical and morphological tests were performed to rule out strains of no interest in the study. A MALDI-ToF analysis was then performed in order to identify the pathogen strains causing the disease. K. cowanii and C. flaccumfaciens were found to be the main plant pathogenic bacteria in the area. Additionally, 20 bacteriophages present in soil samples with different types of morphology were isolated and purified, only against K. cowanii, due to the absence of bacteriophages for C. flaccumfaciens. By performing the drop test with different bacterial hosts, it was shown that the isolated bacteriophages have a high specific lytic capacity for K. cowanii and do not present any risk against beneficial bacteria. Bioprospecting of the bacteriophages found suggests their use as a potential biological control agent against important phytopathogenic diseases such as bacterial wilt. The results obtained highlight the use of bacteriophages as a sustainable alternative benefiting the agricultural systems of the province of Tungurahua.Item Bioprospección de bacteriófagos líticos contra bacterias patógenas causantes de marchitez bacteriana en cultivos selectos de tomate riñón en Tungurahua. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Altamirano Chérrez, Edgar Ricardo; Calero Cáceres William RicardoBacterial wilt is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide, caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in soil and plants. It mainly affects the Solanaceae family, including tomato crops, causing large economic losses due to the destruction of crops. In this study, bacteria present in crops with bacterial wilt symptoms of tomato crops in Tungurahua were isolated, identified and characterized. Biochemical and morphological tests were performed to rule out strains of no interest in the study. A MALDI-ToF analysis was then performed in order to identify the pathogen strains causing the disease. K. cowanii and C. flaccumfaciens were found to be the main plant pathogenic bacteria in the area. Additionally, 20 bacteriophages present in soil samples with different types of morphology were isolated and purified, only against K. cowanii, due to the absence of bacteriophages for C. flaccumfaciens. By performing the drop test with different bacterial hosts, it was shown that the isolated bacteriophages have a high specific lytic capacity for K. cowanii and do not present any risk against beneficial bacteria. Bioprospecting of the bacteriophages found suggests their use as a potential biological control agent against important phytopathogenic diseases such as bacterial wilt. The results obtained highlight the use of bacteriophages as a sustainable alternative benefiting the agricultural systems of the province of Tungurahua.Item Optimización del proceso de enraizamiento in vitro de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Biloxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Tubón Pilatasi, Yadira Michelle; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella AlejandraBlueberries have gained popularity owing to their health benefits. Ecuador, with more hours of sunlight and the absence of time zones, offers a favorable environment for enhancing and expanding these crops. However, there are significant obstacles to the limited and expensive availability of plant materials. This problem arises because conventional propagation cannot cope with the demand for plants owing to the difficult rooting of explants caused by physical and physiological stress. In this context, plant micropropagation is a viable solution. This technique allows large-scale seedlings to be obtained from cuttings, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional propagation. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the in vitro rooting process of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Biloxi variety. To achieve this, we will evaluate disinfection treatments, culture media, and phytohormone levels. The objective was to facilitate ex vitro establishment and meet the growing demand for plants. The best disinfection treatment was 2 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min. Under these conditions, 9 percent contamination, 91 percent viability, and 7 percent oxidation were observed. In addition, treatments with WPM yielded better results, with an average of eight leaves and a shoot length of 1,409 cm. In addition, 84 percent rooting was evident, with an average root length of 3.24 cm and 11.76 roots per explant using 1.5 mg per L of the phytohormone AIB.Item Optimización del proceso de enraizamiento in vitro de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar Biloxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Guamán Chito, Mary Gissela; Sánchez Garnica, Manoella AlejandraBlueberries have gained popularity owing to their health benefits. Ecuador, with more hours of sunlight and the absence of time zones, offers a favorable environment for enhancing and expanding these crops. However, there are significant obstacles to the limited and expensive availability of plant materials. This problem arises because conventional propagation cannot cope with the demand for plants owing to the difficult rooting of explants caused by physical and physiological stress. In this context, plant micropropagation is a viable solution. This technique allows large-scale seedlings to be obtained from cuttings, thereby overcoming the limitations of conventional propagation. Therefore, this research aims to optimize the in vitro rooting process of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Biloxi variety. To achieve this, we will evaluate disinfection treatments, culture media, and phytohormone levels. The objective was to facilitate ex vitro establishment and meet the growing demand for plants. The best disinfection treatment was 2 percent sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 15 min. Under these conditions, 9 percent contamination, 91 percent viability, and 7 percent oxidation were observed. In addition, treatments with WPM yielded better results, with an average of eight leaves and a shoot length of 1,409 cm. In addition, 84 percent rooting was evident, with an average root length of 3.24 cm and 11.76 roots per explant using 1.5 mg per L of the phytohormone AIB.Item Evaluación de la capacidad antagónica de Bacillus subtilis AC01 microencapsulado frente a Cladosporium fulvum CC-FCAGP-Cf-Epi10 y Botrytis cinerea CC-FCAGP-Bc-MG001 hongos fitopatógenos del tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Caiza Coque, Alex Jhoel; De la Torre Olvera, Helena MaritzaKidney tomato is a vegetable of great nutritional and commercial value in Ecuador, but its cultivation is affected by phytopathogenic fungi such as B. cinerea and C. fulvum, which cause diseases, reducing the production and quality of the product, negatively affecting the economy of farmers. One way of control is the application of synthetic chemicals, raising costs and environmental pollution. For this, the use of biocontrol microorganisms emerges as an ecological and sustainable alternative. In this study, viable cells of B. subtilis AC01 were cultured and microencapsulated by spray drying, using maltodextrin and gum arabic as encapsulating agents, obtaining an efficiency of 82.5 percent and 90.53 percent. The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique confirmed the correct packaging of the cells. Through in vitro tests, a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 10 mg per mL and a Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of 50 mg per mL were determined for the fungus C. fulvum CC-FCAGP-Cf-Epi10. These results show that microencapsulated B. subtilis AC01 can significantly reduce the incidence of diseases, offering effective biological control. In conclusion, microencapsulated B. subtilis AC01 has great potential as a sustainable alternative for the control of phytopathogens in kidney tomato crops, allowing to reduce the dependence on synthetic chemicals, decreasing production costs and the environmental impact in Ecuador.Item Evaluación del efecto antifúngico del microencapsulado de aceite esencial extraído de Schinnus molle sobre hongos fitopatógenos de interés agrícola(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Montachana Ibarvo, Josafat Alexander; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe molle is a tree of Andean origin that throughout history has been used for medicinal, culinary, textile purposes, among others, also demonstrating strong biological activity in the agricultural area for the control of pests in insects, bacteria, and fungi since it has antimicrobial properties. This is why its essential oil may be important for the development of a fungicide of biological and plant origin, which serves to control several agricultural diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. In the present research project, the essential oil of molle was extracted by the steam drag method, obtaining a yield of 2.8 percent, in addition to the conservation of the essential oil, the microencapsulation method by spray drying was used using of a mixture of polymers with maltodextrin and gum arabic as microencapsulating agents, in which the microencapsulation performance was qualitatively verified by means of Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, with the Kirby Bauer method, it was verified in vitro that with a concentration of 100 milligrams per milliliters of microencapsulated molle essential oil there is sensitivity to Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp and Fusarium spp.