Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Diversidad biológica y metabólica de actinomicetes aislados de suelo y arena de ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida y del norte del Chimborazo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015)
Villacís Barrazueta, Juan José
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
Caracterización de levaduras aisladas a partir de frutos de durazno (Prunus persica), fresa (Fragaria vesca) y manzana (Malus domestica)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-07)
Escobar Reyes, Mercy Jeaneth
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
This paper shows the importance of the phenotypic and genotypic characterization for the identification of yeasts that were isolated from seasonal fruits peach, strawberry and apple from three different locations Montalvo-Palagua, Huachi Grande-San Alfonso, Alobamba – the triumph. The time, yeasts have generated a biotechnological interest due to their application in the industry, rapid growth and biomass production. The fermentation of the fruits made before the isolation allowed to obtain differences in the number of CFU for every ml according to the fruit and place of collection. A total of ninety four isolated and conserved strains were obtained. For the identification of these was taken different criteria as morphological where analyzed their characteristics macroscopic and microscopic, physiological criteria of growth in different ranges of pH, salinity, temperature and assimilation of Amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen. The characterization genotypic was performed by analyzing the digestion of the region ITS by means of RFLP, the results of numerical taxonomy obtained were analyzed in the statistical software NTSys which allowed to obtain a taxonomic determination with which it was possible to group and form sixteen species groups resulting from the analysis of numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data and fourteen species groups resulting from the numerical taxonomy of genotypic data. The final analysis of taxonomy Polifásica made for fifty-four strains of yeast where they grouped their characteristics resulting from the analysis phenotypic and Genotypic obtaining a final dendogram with a cut to 80 percent of similarity that allowed Obtain 18 species groups where it is observed its wide distribution for the fruits and places of where they were isolated the yeasts.
Identificación de bacterias aisladas de ecosistemas glaciares, andinos y antárticos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05)
Palacios Mazón, Diego Marcelo
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
Bacteria isolated from glacial, Andean and Antarctic ecosystems were identified. By rep-PCR using the BOX primer, 72 strains were genotypically characterized and a dendrogram was constructed by numerical taxonomy, using the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 10 groups. From these, representatives were selected for the sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene and phenotypic characterization. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was performed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor-Joining algorithm, allowing the identification of 11 different species. Of which, strains DG-222 and DG-203 probably belong to new species. However, further studies are necessary to demonstrate this. Through the phenotypic characterization, a dendrogram of numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data was constructed using the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 21 phenetic groups with 84,6 percent similarity. Most of the collection was determined as Gram negative, psychrotroph, neutrotolerant, weak halophilic or halophilic. In addition, new physiological characteristics of 4 different species were discovered. The analysis of polyphasic taxonomy with the strains that had fingerprinting patterns similar to the identified species, managed to locate 35 strains according to the molecular characterization. Forming 16 phenetic groups at 90 percent similarity and determining the polyphase taxonomic position of 48,6 percent of the collection. Probably, the diversity of the collection is underestimated and there could be species that have not been identified in this study. It is necessary to carry out a second analysis of the strains that were excluded in the analyzes.
Determinación de la diversidad de actinomicetes aislados de ecosistemas glaciares de los Andes y la Antártida
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05)
Chamorro Sevilla, María Belén
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
Were identified 152 strains of actinomycetes molecularly isolated from cold ecosystems of Antarctica, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. Through the amplification of the fingerprinting patterns by rep-PCR, using the first BOX A1R1, I was able to construct the genotypic dendrogram generated by the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining 23 species-groups. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was constructed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor - Joining algorithm. It was possible to identify 4 different species, which belonged to the genus Streptomyces, while the strain DE-067 was associated to the genus Nocardia. On the other hand, by phenotypic characterization it was determined that most of the strains of this study were mesophilic, weak halophilic and neutrotolerant. In addition, they have a great ability to metabolize amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen. With the obtained results, the phenotypic dendrogram was constructed by the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, determining 23 species-groups at 89 percent similarity. Subsequently, the molecular identification of the collection was carried out using the 16S rDNA gene, with the strains that shared fingerprinting patterns like the identified species. Achieving taxonomically position 87 strains, in 14 groups-species at 80 percent similarity. As it is evident, it is necessary to complement the results obtained in this study, by means of the molecular identification of the strains that were not sequenced, to know with certainty the diversity of actinomycetes in the collection.
Caracterización fenotípica de actinomicetes aislados de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07)
Chamorro Medina, Jessica Paola
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
Ninety-three strains of actinomycetes, isolated from soils contaminated with petroleum derivatives, from the Sacha field were used for the determination of phenotypic and metabolic diversity. Eighteen groups-species were identified, presenting a similarity greater than 90 percent, after performing numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data. Likewise, all crops were grown in Bushnell-Hass, enriched with gasoline, diesel and oil, as the only source of carbon and energy. It was determined that 89 percent of microorganisms can use different hydrocarbons in their metabolism and that only the representatives of two groups-species do not have this capacity. 92.2 percent of actinomycetes can use gasoline as a substrate, 83.9 percent diesel and 60 percent oil. The results show that this group of actinomycetes presents a great phenotypic and metabolic diversity. These characteristics could be studied to determine the potential use in in-situ bioremediation processes.
Determinación preliminar de producción de compuestos bioactivos de actinomicetes y bacterias aislados de ecosistemas glaciares andinos y antárticos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03)
Estrada Espín, María Cristina
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
Seventy-nine actinomycete and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from soil and sand samples collected from glacial ecosystems from Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Antarctica. Microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against several microorganisms was determined. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy at 90 percent similarity. Actinomycetes were divided in forty phenetic groups, while bacteria were divided in twenty-nine. Fifty-five actinomycetes were isolated from Chimborazo, sixteen from Cotopaxi and four from Antarctica. In relation to bacteria seventeen strains came from Chimborazo, fourteen from Cotopaxi and one from Antarctica. The phenotypic data related to the growth depending on the temperatura, showed that all isolated microorganisms presented mesophilic characteristics. Respect to tolerance to NaCl, 61 percent bacteria presented growth characteristics over of salt levels up 15 percent w/v in medium , while actinomycetes only supported concentrations about 1 percent NaCl. Regarding production capacity of bioactive compounds, 84 percent of actinomycetes and 70 percent of bacteria isolated, showed antagonistic activity against the model microorganisms used. The actinomycetes DE002 and DE053 strains produced metabolites with bactericidal characteristics and DE006, DE031, DE081, DE083 and DE084 strains fungicidal metabolites. Bacteria were not able to produce compounds with bactericidal or fungicidal capacity and were only effective for certain species of microorganisms. Data obtained in the current investigation, demonstrated wide metabolic and phenotypic diversity of actinomycetes and bacteria present in glacial ecosystems. Further studies are necessary to explore its potential for the industrial production of bioactive compounds.
Determinación preliminar de producción de compuestos bioactivos de actinomicetes y bacterias aislados de ecosistemas glaciares andinos y antárticos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03)
Díaz Ortíz, Adriana Patricia
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
Seventy-nine actinomycete and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from soil and sand samples collected from glacial ecosystems from Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Antarctica. Microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against several microorganisms was determined. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy at 90 percent similarity. Actinomycetes were divided in forty phenetic groups, while bacteria were divided in twenty-nine. Fifty-five actinomycetes were isolated from Chimborazo, sixteen from Cotopaxi and four from Antarctica. In relation to bacteria seventeen strains came from Chimborazo, fourteen from Cotopaxi and one from Antarctica. The phenotypic data related to the growth depending on the temperatura, showed that all isolated microorganisms presented mesophilic characteristics. Respect to tolerance to NaCl, 61 percent bacteria presented growth characteristics over of salt levels up 15 percent w/v in medium , while actinomycetes only supported concentrations about 1 percent NaCl. Regarding production capacity of bioactive compounds, 84 percent of actinomycetes and 70 percent of bacteria isolated, showed antagonistic activity against the model microorganisms used. The actinomycetes DE002 and DE053 strains produced metabolites with bactericidal characteristics and DE006, DE031, DE081, DE083 and DE084 strains fungicidal metabolites. Bacteria were not able to produce compounds with bactericidal or fungicidal capacity and were only effective for certain species of microorganisms. Data obtained in the current investigation, demonstrated wide metabolic and phenotypic diversity of actinomycetes and bacteria present in glacial ecosystems. Further studies are necessary to explore its potential for the industrial production of bioactive compounds.
Primer estudio sobre la diversidad de levaduras asociada a un volcán: Tungurahua, Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015)
Hidalgo Escobar, Karen Cristina
;
Serrano Bueno, Gloria
El volcán Tungurahua representa un ecosistema extremófilo en cuanto a sus características fisicoquímicas, las cuales deben ser soportadas por los organismos que lo habitan. Desde las faldas del volcán hasta zonas cercanas al cráter se establecieron trece puntos de muestreo, de los que se aislaron un total de doce levaduras. Estas fueron caracterizadas física y molecularmente, identificándose diez especies diferentes. El análisis filogenético las clasificó dentro de cinco órdenes distintos y, de forma equitativa, en dos familias (Basidiomicota y Ascomicota). El análisis comparativo de la diversidad de especies de levaduras asociadas a ecosistemas volcánicos, mostró que ésta, no fue influenciada por el tipo de hábitat y, posiblemente exista mayor relación entre poblaciones geográficamente próximas. Las especies Cryptococcus sp. y Rhodotorula mucilaginosa destacan por haber sido aisladas también de otros ecosistemas volcánicos. Asimismo, ésta última se considera ubicua, pues es capaz de colonizar casi todo tipo de ambiente. Los ensayos de temperatura y pH revelaron que estos factores influyentes en el crecimiento de las levaduras. Respecto a temperatura, se sugiere que el 90% pueden considerarse psicrófilas, cuya temperatura máxima de crecimiento no sobrepasa los 20 °C y, únicamente una especie, Lecythophora sp. fue capaz de crecer a 37 °C. En relación al crecimiento en medio acidificado, el 70% mostró un amplio rango de crecimiento en medio ácido (entre 2,5 y 6,5). Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, a pesar de presenta un amplio rango de crecimiento (entre 2,5 y 6,5), se puede identificar como acidófila, pues su pH óptimo de crecimiento está entre 2,5 y 4,5. Debido a las características extremófilas, en cuanto a la resistencia a bajas temperaturas y pH de las levaduras aisladas del volcán Tungurahua, estas se proponen como potencialmente aplicables en la industria biotecnológica.
Determinación de la biodiversidad y distribución geográfica de levaduras asociadas a frutos de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus) de tres localidades de la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2014)
Cevallos Campaña, Cristina Beatriz
;
Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
Ecuador reports a few information about yeast biodiversity, most of the microbiological research are focused to bacteria. Fruits in their natural environment represent important habitats for yeasts. The target of this research was the determination of the diversity of yeasts as sociated to blackberry fruits from Salasaca, Cevallos and Tisaleo, where organic blackberries are cultivated. The sector with greater diversity was Tisaleo where 6 species were isolated, followed by Salasaca where 4 species were isolated and finally Cevallos, where only 2 species were isolated. A traditional characterization of the isolates was made, it consisted in macroscopic characterization where optical characteristic of colonies were evaluated such as: margin, elevation, surface, brightness, texture and color. A microscopic characterization in which was showed the morfology and the size of yeast cells. A physiologycal characterization with 8different carbon sources (dextrose, xylose, maltose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, cellobiose and soluble starch), assimilation and fermentations characteristics were evaluated for each of the yeast isolates. However, those techniques were not enough to achieve the identification of the isolates to the taxonomic level of genre or specie, the study of each isolated strain was complemented by the use of molecular techniques based on the restriction analysis of the gen rDNA 5.85S and the internal transcripted spacers (ITS1 and ITS2), getting 9 restriction profiles. The resultant profiles were compared with the ones from the data base of the Quito Católica Yeast Collection CLQCA (Acronym in Spanish). 5 profiles were identified by this technique as Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Hanseniaspora meyeri, Whickerhamomyces onychis,Galactomyces geotrichum and Pichia manshurica. The remaining yeasts were not identified bythis technique because they did not match similar band patterns with the ones from the CLQCA database. The taxonomic status of these cultures was determined by 26S rDNA sequencing giving as result: three isolates of Clavispora lusitaneae, two isolates of Metschnikowia pulcherrima one corresponding to Candida sorbosivorans and two corresponding to Pichia membranifaciens. The data obtained in this research demonstrate the great diversity of yeast associated to blackberry fruits, providing basic knowledge to find potential biotechnological applications.
Determinación del potencial antimicrobiano de la microalga Chlorella extraída de las aguas empozadas de las acequias de Atocha, Tilulum y el Socavón del cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2014)
Barona Altamirano, Adriana Carolina
;
Valencia Silva, Alex Fabián
Las microalgas son organismos unicelulares eucariotas fotosintéticos capaces de transformar la energía luminosa en energía química; las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento varían de una especie a otra, las investigaciones sobre el cultivo de microalgas son de gran importancia dada su amplia aplicación biotecnológica y comercial. Chlorella es una microalga verde unicelular de agua dulce, de forma esférica mide cerca de 2-10 micrones de diámetro, tiene alta concentración de clorofila, se reproduce rápidamente y de forma asexual, necesita carbono agua luz y pequeñas cantidades de minerales.Se recolecto diferentes muestras de aguas empozadas de Atocha, Tilulum y el Socavón de la ciudad de Ambato, los cultivos de la microalga Chlorella se aislaron utilizando el medio Basal de Bold debido a la cantidad de nutrientes que posee, las células tardaron 240 horas en alcanzar la fase exponencial para su posterior análisis. Se determinó el potencial antimicrobiano de la microalga en base a los resultados positivos en los ensayos en los que se utilizó el precipitado que resulta de la extracción del chlorellin con los solventes etanol y alcohol isopropílico. El análisis estadístico determinó que el mejor tratamiento fue Tilulum- Alcohol isopropílico al tener mayor el tamaño del halo de inhibición, cuya media fue de 28mm, ante la bacteria coco grampositiva, mientras que el menor tratamiento fue Socavón-etanol con una media de 0,11mm. En la última etapa de la investigación se realizó las pruebas de control positivo mediante la técnica del antibiograma utilizando la bacteria aislada y antibióticos como penicilina, demostrando que fue sensible con un halo de inhibición de 5mm ante la ampicilina y 1mm ante oxacilina, valores que están dentro del rango de sensibilidad de acuerdo a las tabla CIM (Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria).

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