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    Seguridad laboral y su influencia en la productividad de la maquila de prendas de vestir jean. Estudio de caso Pelileo – Ecuador.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2023) Jácome Analuisa, Johana Gabriela; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
    En la industria, los trabajadores se exponen a fuentes de peligros potenciales en su entorno laboral, que afectan negativamente a sus actividades y productividad, además ocasionan riesgos en su salud; bajo este contexto el objetivo de la investigación fue estudiar las condiciones de seguridad laboral y su influencia en la productividad de las maquilas de prendas de vestir jean. La investigación se basó en un estudio correlacional desarrollado en 43 maquilas, en las cuales laboran 74 trabajadores (37 varones, 37 mujeres), que pertenecen a la ciudad de Pelileo- Ecuador; la selección de la muestra fue a conveniencia en 4 zonas de la ciudad en las cuales se desarrolla mayormente la actividad de maquilado de prendas de vestir tipo jean. Las herramientas para el estudio fueron: listas de chequeo basadas en normativa laboral y una encuesta validada por juicio de expertos y nivel de confiabilidad (0,79). Los resultados encontrados establecen que el 100% de las maquilas adaptaron sus viviendas como centros de maquilado, ocasionando entornos disergonómicos de trabajo y entornos psicosociales inadecuados; además se determinó que la actividad laboral de maquilado no está estandarizada y no existe ningún tipo de especificación técnica basado en normas para el control de calidad de las prendas. La prueba no paramétrica de correlación de Spearman establece que las dimensiones de la seguridad laboral con mayor relación con la productividad (p<0,05) fueron: el factor ergonómico (p=1,539e07) y el factor psicosocial (p=0,018). Se concluye que el trabajo en maquilas del sector textil de la ciudad de Pelileo no es completamente adecuado con relación a la seguridad laboral, lo que incide en la productividad laboral de este sector manufacturero.
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    Sistema de Gestión de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo basado en la Norma ISO 45001:2018 para una empresa de alimentos balanceados
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Martínez Gutiérrez, Carlos Augusto; Acosta Velarde, Jaime Iván
    This work has been developed under the research line materials and manufacturing processes for the industry and is born from the need to implement a Management System for Safety and Health at Work that meets the requirements established in the ISO 45001:2018 Standard, aiming to significantly improve the control of occupational risks in the company Balanceados Nutritivos. For which, a field methodology was used, through the application of a checklist designed to evidence the level of compliance through a percentage value of each of the sections of the standard, obtaining an overall result of 21% compliance, mainly due to the lack of documentary justification in each of the processes and the incipient activities in OSH issues. Therefore, in order to guide the organization towards a culture of prevention and control of occupational risks, improvement actions have been established, a manual, procedures, records and instructions have been prepared, and an OSH policy and objectives have been established. Finally, it has been determined that such implementation generated statistically significant changes in favor of the improvement in risk control (p=0.00), obtaining an overall result of 65% compliance with the requirements of the Standard.
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    Los riesgos químicos y su incidencia en la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores del proceso de limpieza de filtros de aire de la empresa Teojama Comercial S.A., de la ciudad de Ambato, Provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Thomé Chapanta, Hilda Fabiola; Vega Pérez, Geovanny José
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the study carried out of the Chemical Risks and their incidence in the Occupational Health of the workers of the process of cleaning of air filters of the company Teojama Comercial SA, through the risk assessment based on the NTP 330: Simplified system of risk assessment of accident it was determined that the chemical risk has the level of intervention II, where it requires correcting and adopting control measures. Based on this preliminary investigation, a hygienic evaluation is carried out at the workplace where it is determined that workers are exposed to doses that exceed the permissible limit value according to what UNE 17330-2 indicates; 2014. Through laboratory tests, the type of solid waste that is deposited in the work environment when performing the activity of cleaning air filters is analyzed, resulting in the presence of silicon, lead and mercury metals. , which clearly demonstrates the negative effect it can have on workers' respiratory health. For the verification of the dependent variable, a validated survey is carried out opportunely directed to the workers involved, who affirmed that the greater the exposure to the greater activity, the deterioration in their health. Taking into account the previous evaluations, we propose the design and construction of an air filter cleaning machine that works with compressed air that cleans the filter from the inside out, encapsulating the particulate material by depositing it in a cloth bag inside that can be removed without danger of contamination. The metallic structure is designed in the free software MDSOLIDS, the electronic operation is based on ARDUINO. The air filter cleaning machine corresponds to an effective solution not only of the chemical risk but also of other types of risks derived from the activity.
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    Condiciones sub estándar de los puestos de trabajo y su incidencia en la disergonomía por carga postural del personal administrativo de la Dirección Distrital 23D01-Salud de Santo Domingo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Cujilema Cujilema, Ricardo Javier; Cabrera Acosta, Andrés Gonzalo
    EXCECUTIVE SUMARY The present work is carried out in the facilities of District Directorate 23D01-Salud of Santo Domingo, the study of the sub-standard conditions in the work posts, based on Executive Decree 2393 together with the Technical Safety Prevention Notes and Hygiene in the Work of Spain to identify the nonconformities in which the administrative personnel work. The postural load is evaluated using the RULA method in the work stations, selected from the data obtained from the surveys, allowing to obtain information from the most critically affected people originated by the substandard conditions present in their jobs. The research proposal is the development of ergonomic conditioning protocols to eliminate the substandard conditions of the jobs and avoid postural loads, which allows the redesign of jobs in areas of greater criticality beginning with the anthropometric measurements of workers of men and women obtaining a better development in their work activity, due to the conditioning of their work area towards the person, later the development of ergonomic control procedures is applied with the most predominant substandard conditions found in the study, reducing the risk to suffer damages of ergonomic origin to the worker, finally carrying out a follow-up through a risk control plan that allows to periodically evaluate the jobs that are optimal.
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    Condiciones laborales y ambientales en las áreas de producción de Carrocerías Patricio cepeda Cia. Ltda. Y su influencia en la auditoría ambiental de cumplimiento
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Balladares Silva, Luis Darío; Brito Moina, Hanníbal Lorenzo
    Esta investigación se realiza la auditoría ambiental en Patricio Cepeda Cía. Ltda., con las directrices de (Norma ISO 19011, 2011), se verifica y se cuantifica el cumplimiento de los de requisitos técnicos legales de la legislación ambiental ecuatoriana vigente, el cumplimiento del plan de manejo ambiental y cumplimiento del sistema de gestión bajo la norma (Norma ISO14001, 2015), se encuentra 18 no conformidades al verificar los ítems en la auditoría ambiental, diez hallazgos correspondientes a la legislación ambiental, cuatro corresponde al plan de manejo ambiental del estudio de impacto ambiental expost y cuatro corresponden al sistema de gestión, determinando el 90,03% del cumplimiento, se concluye como excelente la gestión de la empresa. Para el levantamiento de las no conformidades encontradas en la propuesta se presenta el plan de acción para el levantamiento de cada uno de los hallazgos, se muestra un cronograma que propone actividades valoradas y temporizadas, también se propone el mejoramiento a los programas de prevención, minimización de impactos ambientales, manejo de desechos, comunicación, capacitación, relaciones comunitarias, contingencias, seguridad y salud ocupacional, monitoreo y seguimiento, rehabilitación, cierre, abandono y entrega del área, el costo para el levantamiento de las no conformidades es de 3650 dólares y el costo para los doce meses del plan de manejo ambiental de 5100 dólares , además se analizan las sanciones que puede la empresa generar por incumplimientos ambientales donde puede ser sancionada la empresa con un valor de 75000 dólares americanos por incumplimientos a la normativa ambiental. Se concluye que Patricio Cepeda Cía, Ltda., debe implementar del plan de acción de acuerdo al cronograma presentado.
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    El estrés térmico por calor y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Espinoza Guano, Mónica Paulina; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present research arises from the need to avoid inadequate thermo-metabolic work conditions in the jobs of the production area of the bakery "Servipan Quitumbe", The hypothesis was how the thermal stress affects the health of the workers. The approach of research was quantitative and qualitative research, and the type of investigation was bibliographic and of field. The evaluation was done in each job post. This research process determined the WBGT index (EN 27243:1993) and the metabolic rate (ISO 8996:2004). These values allow calculate the work-rest percentage and the dose of exposure. In this study identified that the WBGT for the baker's post (33.43°C) exceeds the permissible limit value established in the COVENIN 2254:1995 standard that is 30.0°C for a heavy metabolism (metabolic rate =351.52 Kcal*h- 1). The dose registered in this job was 1.11. This indicating an intolerable risk, so that, this situation requires immediate action for reduce the thermal stress of the job, applying methods that include a 25% work rate - 75% rest. Also performed a medical evaluation to the workers, where was possible to identify that the most predominant health condition due to heat is the dehydration (28%), followed by pictures of dermatitis due to heat, dizziness and hand affections by contact with hot bodies. A survey was applied to the workers with questions about of study and based on their interpretation was possible to establish the appropriate recommendations that were the basis for the construction of a Thermal Stress Control Plan for the bakery "Servipan Quitumbe". This plan presents methods of control and safety procedures such as: training of staff on risk issues, acclimatization to staff that initiates or reenters to the job post after long vacation or sick leave, hydration and rest (it is proposed to build a booth for such effect) and health surveillance through the permanent realization of medical examinations and health promotion campaigns.
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    Los sitios de trabajo y su relación en la generación de posturas forzadas en las tareas de entubado del proyecto de construcción del sistema de agua potable Chiquihurco Pelileo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Pérez Toapanta, Adriano Efraín; Mariño Rivera, Christian José
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present research work is directed the study of ergonomic risk by forced postures, which projects the employer to make decisions about preventive measures that are possible to carry in the construction area in order to take care of the health of workers and to identify inside the processes of tubing, the tasks with greater exposure to forced postures. The main objective is to assess the level of risk by forced postures in the tubing tasks, generating safe working environments. Ergonomic measurements were made directly on the worker using ergonomic methods such as the REBA and the Check List Ocra, resulting in high risk levels due to forced postures and repetitive movements, which leads to better jobs through intervention of staff in this area. Through this need is proposed a prevention program that allows control of ergonomic risk factors by forced postures with necessary intervention, prevailing in the source of danger, in the medium of transmission and finally in the person.
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    El sobreesfuerzo y su incidencia en los trastornos músculo esqueléticos de extremidades superiores de los trabajadores del Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, 2015) Lascano Moreta, Alejandra Marlene; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    ABSTRACT This work was carried out in the facilities of the Municipal refrigerator slaughterhouse de Ambato in the slaughtering area, an analysis of the different jobs was made taking main attention on the strains that demands the execution of activities, identifying mainly forced postures, load lifting and repetitive motions, which were analyzed by internationally recognized methods reaching recognition of levels of risks for which settles a muscular skeletal disorders prevention program applied to the area of slaughtering in order to decrease these risk levels and provide the part intended for the management of safety and industrial hygiene in the slaughterhouse of a series of steps to follow in order to protect the integrity of the workers.
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    Los factores de riesgos y su incidencia en las condiciones de trabajo en operadores de sopladoras, inyectora y fajilladoras del área de producción de envases plásticos de la Empresa INPLASTICO
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, 2015) Vega Pérez, Ricardo Paúl; Herrera Montenegro, Genny Margarita
    ABSTRACT This research concerns the Ergonomic Risk Factors found in manufacturing activities in the plastic packaging Inplastico company, which has meant that staff suffer accidents and illnesses in carrying out its activities in the production area, which is why it is necessary that the personnel are aware of the risks involved in this work and are trained to develop their activities. To initiate an investigation, hazard identification and appraisal of risk factors in each job is done, this information allows the initial estimate of risk which proceed to determine the degree of danger, then using the method Owas ergonomic analysis of postural load of all the jobs considering all its activities and sub activities are performed. The purpose of this research is to develop and implement ergonomics manual work together with active enterprise to apply it breaks.
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    Factores de riesgos mecánicos y su incidencia en los accidentes de trabajo de los operadores del área de producción de paneles metálicos prensados en la Empresa I.M.C. (Industrias Metálicas Cotopaxi)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, 2015) Vega Pérez, José Geovanny; Matehu Gonzales, Carlos
    El presente trabajo de investigación se refiere a los Factores de Riesgos Mecánicos que se encuentran en las actividades de manufactura de paneles metálicos prensados en la empresa Industrias Metálicas Cotopaxi, lo cual ha ocasionado que el personal sufra accidentes de trabajo en el desempeño de sus actividades en el área de producción, razón por la cual es necesario que el personal sea consciente de los riesgos que conlleva este trabajo y se encuentre capacitado para desarrollar sus actividades. Para iniciar la investigación, se realiza la identificación de peligros y evaluación inicial de factores de riesgos mecánicos en cada puesto de trabajo, esta información permite realizar la estimación inicial del riesgo con lo cual se procede a determinar el Grado de Peligrosidad, posteriormente utilizando el método de W. Fine se realiza el cálculo del Grado de Repercusión y por último se prioriza los riesgos mecánicos presentes de acuerdo al criterio del método. El objeto de esta investigación es desarrollar e implementar el manual de procedimientos de trabajo para aplicarlo en la empresa. ABSTRACT This research concerns the mechanical risks factors found in the activities of manufacturing pressed metal panels Industrias Metálicas Cotopaxi, which has caused personal suffering accidents in the performance of its activities in the production area, which is why it is necessary that staff are aware of the risks involved in this work and are trained to develop their activities. To initiate, hazard identification and initial evaluation of mechanical risk factors every job is done, this information allows the initial estimate of risk with which we proceed to determine the degree of threat, then using the method Fine W. calculation is performed Degree of Impact and finally present mechanical risks according to the criteria of the method is prioritized. The purpose of this research is to develop and implement procedures manual labor to apply in the company.