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Modelo de optimización para la evaluación de la eficiencia en el proceso de moldeo por inyección para la producción de botas termoplásticas.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales., 2026-10-15)
Ortiz Zurita, Jaime Roberto
The PVC footwear industry faces the challenge of maintaining high levels of productive efficiency in a competitive environment, where uncontrolled variability in injection processes compromises quality and productivity. In this context, this research aimed to optimize the injection molding process for the production of thermoplastic boots at Plasticaucho Industrial S.A., through the reduction of cycle times, the decrease of defects, and the improvement of productivity. The methodology combined Statistical Process Control (SPC) on 3,260 historical data from the January–March 2026 period, the formulation of a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization model with twelve decision variables, and the estimation of production and defect equations through multiple linear regression in R on 1,271 paired records, reaching a coefficient of determination R² = 0.83 (p < 0.001). The most relevant results indicate that the model project’s productivity increases between 10% and 31%, and defect reductions between 42% and 100%, depending on the machine. Among the optimal parameters identified are a pressure of 0 Bar in the shaft injector and 10 Bar in the sole injector for the three machines, as well as Zone 3 temperatures differentiated by injector. The sensitivity analysis identified the Zone 3 temperature of the sole injector as the most influential variable (elasticity 0.80). These findings position the MILP model as a decision-making support tool and a means for process standardization, highlighting the importance of data-driven management over empirical operator adjustments, and providing applied evidence in an Ecuadorian industrial context with limited empirical literature.
Sistema de detección de intrusos (IDS) en redes informáticas aplicando protocolos de ciberseguridad.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones., 2026-07-09)
Vaca Tonato, Kevin Jhonatan
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Miniguano Miniguano, Livio Danilo
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones.
This research focused on the design, implementation, and validation of a Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) using the open-source software Wazuh, aiming to strengthen cybersecurity on an application server running Moodle configured over Ubuntu. The methodology followed a quantitative and experimental approach within a controlled virtualized environment. To ensure system compatibility, a pre-operational version was installed, the ossec.conf file was modified, and system permissions were configured to guarantee full visibility over audit logs and kernel security modules, such as AppArmor. Attack simulations were executed from a Kali Linux virtual machine. In the first scenario, SSH authentication was evaluated using the Hydra tool; the system captured network packets in the auth.log file, demonstrating failed access attempts and displaying customized alerts on the main dashboard. In the second scenario, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks were conducted via TCP flooding. Tests showed that massive attacks disabled the host before it could report to the IDS. To mitigate this, a logical programming script was implemented to directly monitor the state of kernel sockets (netstat) and web server errors from an alternative virtual machine, successfully registering and detecting the DoS on time. Finally, an Active Response was executed, which isolated the attacking machine through a customized script responsible for shutting down the network interface, successfully mitigating the denial of service.
Propuesta tecnológica para la conectividad inteligente en el sector florícola mediante soluciones de redes de comunicación para monitoreo remoto en zonas rurales para la empresa Artil Robotics.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2026-06-29)
Nuñez Aguiar Ibeth Raquel
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Guamán Molina, Jesús Israel
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones
This study developed a smart connectivity technological proposal for the rural floriculture sector, aimed at the remote monitoring of agro-productive variables through the design and evaluation of communication alternatives. To this end, the process began with an analysis of operational and user requirements, referencing the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148 standard and utilizing Reqview to maintain traceability among needs, evaluation criteria, and technology selection. Based on this process, Point-to- Multipoint (PtMP) wireless networks and Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPON) were identified as viable alternatives. The proposed architectures were structured with a primary node and five secondary nodes to provide connectivity to greenhouses, monitoring robots, wireless Access points, and other network equipment. Physical design, node distribution, and coverage analysis were conducted using AutoCAD, Google Earth, Radio Mobile, and UISP Design. The wireless alternative was evaluated by considering coverage, signal strength, transmission capacity, and propagation conditions. The GPON network was simulated in OptiSystem to analyze optical signal behavior and verify the operation of the proposed links. Finally, a techno-economic analysis was conducted by evaluating investment, operational, maintenance, and capital recovery costs. The results established that both proposals are technically and economically feasible for remote floricultural monitoring. The wireless network presents greater flexibility and a lower initial investment, whereas the fiber optic network offers superior stability, higher capacity, and greater scalability.
Propuesta de mejora de la productividad de una línea de producción de galletas para perros mediante herramientas de manufactura ajustada
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2026-04-07)
Núñez Castro, Wilson Rodrigo
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Montalvo Zamora, Natalia Alexandra
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales
The purpose of this project was to optimize the productivity of the dog biscuit production line at Soguar S.A. through the implementation of Lean Manufacturing tools. The initial diagnosis, based on a time study and Value Stream Mapping (VSM), revealed critical deficiencies in the manual rolling and baking process (53 minutes), which prevented the company from meeting market demand and increased operating costs. The proposal was based on four pillars: the application of the 5S methodology to standardize the work environment, achieving a compliance level of 90%; the implementation of a Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) plan in the oven to reduce its operating cycle to 38 minutes; the adoption of the Jidoka principle by incorporating a semi-automatic extruder to eliminate the bottleneck in rolling; and the redesign of the operational flow towards a more synchronized model. The quantitative results show a substantial improvement in the production process: production capacity increased by 76%, from 80000 g to 140800 g per shift. Likewise, lead time was reduced by 47.91% (from 4.3 to 2.24 days). From a financial perspective, the proposal demonstrated high viability with a 27.45% reduction in production costs and an investment recovery period of approximately three months. This allows the organization not only to stabilize its operation, but also to project a competitive and sustainable commercial expansion.
Seguridad y vulnerabilidades de dispositivos IOT LORAWAN frente a interferencias y ataques de radiofrecuencia con FLIPPER ZERO
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2026-01)
Gómez Soxo, Odalys Valeria
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Robalino Peña, Edgar Freddy
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Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones
This thesis conducts a comprehensive analysis of security in an IoT environment using LoRa and LoRaWAN technology, applied to a real system consisting of IoT nodes, a LoRaWAN gateway, and a backend infrastructure developed with ChirpStack. The analysis seeks to detect vulnerabilities related to cryptographic management, access control, wireless communication, and interface exposure, taking into account the threats inherent in LPWAN networks and the guidelines established by OWASP IoT Top 10. The methodology used consists of four stages: designing and implementing a controlled test environment, which includes setting up a LoRaWAN server on a Linux virtual machine, integrating nodes, and configuring an operational gateway; conducting communication tests, validating RF parameters, and functionally analyzing the IoT system; employing methods to evaluate security using techniques such as sniffing, replay, interference, and passive analysis with Flipper Zero and SDR equipment; classifying the risk and devising measures to mitigate it based on telecommunications standards and engineering best practices. The findings show that there are serious vulnerabilities in unencrypted LoRa links, that LoRaWAN metadata is exposed, that there are fingerprinting risks, weaknesses in key management, and susceptibility to RF attacks such as replay and jamming. Based on these findings, a technical mitigation guide is developed with the aim of strengthening the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the IoT system. To this end, suggestions are made regarding encryption, authentication, physical control, firmware hardening, and spectrum monitoring. This study helps to understand and strengthen security in Internet of Things solutions based on LPWAN technologies.
Sistema de estimación de producción de cultivo de mora empleando visión artificial y machine learning
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Telecomunicaciones, 2025-02)
Aldaz Saca Fabricio Javier
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Ibarra Rojano Gilber Andrés
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Córdova Córdova Edgar Patricio
Blackberry cultivation is a significant sector of the national economy due to its high demand at both local and international levels. However, growers face considerable challenges in attempting to accurately predict production. Conventional methods, which rely heavily on manual procedures, are often inaccurate and prone to human error, potentially compromising planning and resulting in economic losses. The system developed in this research is composed of four fundamental stages: acquisition, processing, training, and analysis. For data collection, a DJI Mini 2 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was utilized, capable of capturing real-time images of the crops. During processing, these images were analyzed using computer vision techniques, employing tools such as OpenCV and the YOLOv8m detection model. The model was trained with a specific dataset that included photographs of blackberries at different stages of maturity: green, red, and purple. To project potential losses due to factors such as pests, adverse weather, and drought, a Monte Carlo-based simulation was integrated. The results were presented in a graphical interface designed to facilitate visualization and analysis, assisting growers in optimizing their decision-making. The system exhibited 80.55% reliability in blackberry identification and counting, with data captured directly in the field. Furthermore, the simulations yielded a comprehensive evaluation of potential adverse scenarios, enabling more precise and realistic estimates.
Fitorremediación con algas (Scenedesmus, sp.) de contaminantes de las aguas residuales de la empresa “Curtiduría Tungurahua"
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Química, 2024)
Cunalata Ponluisa, Yesenia Elizabeth
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Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
In the present investigation, the phytoremediation process was carried out with the microalga Scenedesmus sp., to the wastewater of the TUNGURAHUA Tannery, the wastewater from the tannery represents an environmental and public health problem, this is due to the high concentrations of chromium, DBO, DQO, sulfates among others. Despite having a pretreatment and a primary treatment, a high removal of contaminants is not achieved, which is why the use of microorganisms such as microalgae was seen, due to their ability to use inorganic compounds and accumulate metals and other substances that cause pollution. Nitrogen, phosphorus and chromium can be obtained from the microalgae Scenedesmus, sp., compared to other microorganisms. In the 3 reactors used with 10%, 20% and 30% by volume of microalgae, the growth of microalgae was observed in the 3 reactors and the efficiency of the microorganisms was achieved in reactor 3 T3 with DBO 71.78%. DQO 90.80% and sulfates 58.07% in a period of 29 days. Finally, the phytoremediation method is highly effective in relation to other treatments and the discharges comply with current environmental regulations
Modelo de programación lineal para la optimización de fórmulas de mezclas alimenticias en la industria Sweet Kiss
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Química, 2024)
Chipantiza Quinatoa, Hernán Patricio
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Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
In the present research, a linear programming model was developed for the optimization of the formulas of food mixtures in the Sweet Kiss industry. To address this challenge, a detailed diagnosis of the formulation process in the company was carried out, identifying the main restrictions and areas for improvement. Subsequently, a mathematical model was formulated using linear programming, which integrates key variables such as raw material costs, available ingredient restrictions such as maximum and minimum limits. The proposed model allowed optimizing the allocation of resources in the production of food mixes, increasing profitability and guaranteeing the nutritional quality of the final products. The solution of the model was compared with the traditional process used in Sweet Kiss, obtaining as a result an optimization in profit, giving a value of $1,525.95 when producing more than the demand. The results obtained using the Excel SOLVER tool showed that the implementation of the linear programming model not only contributed to the immediate optimization of the food mixes, but also laid the foundations for continuous improvement in the production process, by allowing the company to make decisions in the face of changes in input costs or market requirements. The proposed tool is positioned as a valuable resource for the food industry, enabling it to improve its competitiveness and long-term sustainability
Aprovechamiento de las propiedades de Oxalis lotoides (Kunth) y sus potenciales usos industriales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Química, 2024)
Ortiz Pérez, Tatiana Anabel
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Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
The use of medicinal plants in Ecuador has shown constant growth, this growth is due to the therapeutic value that plants have according to their composition and active ingredients. These principles are involved in highly relevant biological processes and can be used in various industrial processes to obtain functional products. The aim of the research was to study the antioxidant and bromatological properties of the leaves and stems of Oxalis lotoides (Kunth) and their use in the formulation of an infusion. The plant material was dried at 70° C, ground to obtain a fine powder and the active ingredients were extracted using the Soxhlet method. The extract obtained was concentrated and stored in amber bottles. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method, and the bromatological characteristics were also determined by physical-chemical methods. The results for the ethanolic extract being the OLH treatment (Oxalis Lotoides Leaves) was 24.515 % while for the ethanolic extract of stems being the OLT treatment (Oxalis Lotoides Stems) was 50.193 %. The bromatological analysis showed the following values: humidity OLH = 8.190 % and OLT = 6.181 %; crude protein OLH = 18.2 % and OLT = 4.71 %; total fats OLH = 8.48 % and OLT = 4.44 % ashes OLH = 5.143 % and OLT = 5.766 %; titratable acidity citric acid OLH = 1.658 % and OLT = 0.662 %; pH OLH = 1.74 and OLT = 2.72 and soluble solids OLH = 4.157 % and OLT = 2.90 %. With the ethanolic extracts of leaves and stems, the microencapsulation process was carried out by spray drying with an inlet and outlet temperature of 150 ° C and 80 ° C respectively, with these microencapsulates the aromatic infusions were made which were evaluated by a panel of students using a hedonic scale, it was obtained that the infusion with the best characteristics of flavor, smell, color, appearance and acceptability was the OLH treatment.
Elaboración de un microencapsulado de vitamina E (D-alfa tocoferol), vitamina C (ácido ascórbico) y vitamina B2 (riboflavina) mediante secado por aspersión
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Química, 2024-05)
Navas Enríquez, Vanessa Alexandra
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López Hernández, Orestes Darío
At a global level, processed foods have continued to grow in the face of demand and, on the other hand, nutrition has decreased because, despite the vitamin addition to these products, poor handling causes the vitamins to be lost, for this reason, Methods are sought to improve the stability of nutrients, one of the techniques for this is microencapsulation, which is a viable option for minerals, flavors, aromas and vitamins. The purpose of this research was to prepare a microencapsulate of vitamin E (D-alpha Tocopherol), C (ascorbic acid) and B2 (riboflavin) by spray drying. Maltodextrin and gum arabic are used for the wall materials, the pure vitamins used. . were commercial, where maltodextrin-gum arabic ratios were studied (25%-75%, 50%-50%, 75%-25%) respectively for the polymer matrix, the vitamin E load was also evaluated 10% and 20%. , vitamin C 1.5 g -3 g and vitamin B2 0.16 g and 0.32 g. The effectiveness of microencapsulation was analyzed qualitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and quantitatively by determining the amount of microencapsulated vitamin E. The melting peak was compared to semiquantitatively determine the microencapsulation efficiency as well as the crystallinity of ascorbic acid by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), comparing the microencapsulation with vitamin C where it was demonstrated that there is an 89.95% microencapsulation efficiency. . The results showed that a microencapsulate was formed in all treatments, however, the best treatment was number 6, which contained 10% vitamin E and 22.5%-67.5% maltodextrin and gum arabic respectively, which coincides with the statistical optimization analysis obtaining a vitamin E microencapsulation efficiency of 93.12%.

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