Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de 4 líneas promisorias de triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) generado por el INIAP, bajo condiciones agroecológicas de Querochaca(2023-09) Barrera Villena, Mayra Alexandra; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáTriticale is a genetically improved cereal obtained by crossing wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale) and was created for desert locations with poor soils and acidic pH. In Ecuador there are no triticale crops for commercialization due to the varieties released in the 80s that were not accepted, that is why this research has been carried out to identify its productivity and yield to reach the producers and motivate production, the which was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato, on the Querochaca Campus, whose purpose was the evaluation of the agroecological behavior of 4 promising lines of triticale and 1 control released by INIAP, to identify the material with the highest yield and best adaptability in said area, for which a completely random design was used with 3 repetitions for each of the promising lines and the control, generating a total of 15 experimental units with an area of 3m2 per plot. The variables to be evaluated were: plant vigor, growth habit, days to heading, plant height, type of straw, size of spike, number of grains per spike, yield, hectoliter or specific weight, weight of a thousand grains, type and grain color and diseases. The results were analyzed using tables and graphs obtained by the INFOSTAT software. It was shown that the 4 promising lines of Triticale and the control adapted to the agroecological conditions and no significant differences were found in the variables evaluated.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de líneas promisorias de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) del INIAP, sector Querochaca(2023-09) Sotaminga Cueva, Jamilex Tatiana; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisIn Ecuador, wheat production is of great importance and a high demand in the economy. The most producing provinces are Bolívar, Chimborazo, Pichincha, Imbabura and Tungurahua. The research work was carried out in Querochaca, Tungurahua province with the objective of determining the agronomic behavior of 4 promising lines of wheat under the agroecological conditions of the Querochaca campus. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was carried out with three repetitions, plant height, type of straw, number of grains per spike, spike size, severity of yellow rust, yield type and grain color were evaluated; and test weight. The results obtained were for the plant height variable, the TA- 19-003 line obtained a greater height of 97.67 cm, the TA-19-008 line showed a strong stem (thick, erect, flexible). The INIAP-IMBABURA variety presented a higher test weight of 79.13 kg/hl. Regarding the type and color of the grain, a high percentage of the grains were medium, white and of good appearance, while the rest were medium, red and good grains or thick, red grains and good appearance. For the variable number of grains per spike, the line TA-20-001 presented 58 grains/spike followed by TA-19-003 with 51 grains/spike. The INIAP-IMBABURA 2014 variety showed the least severity to attack by yellow or stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis), the TA-19-003 line obtained a higher yield with an average weight of 56664.81 kg/ha.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de dieciocho variedades mejoradas de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) liberadas por el INIAP en el Campus Querochaca, Cevallos(2023-03) Galarza Tenesaca, Edisson Roberto; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belongs to the grass family and originates in the Asian region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. In Ecuador, wheat is highly demanded and commercialized, and is part of the basic food basket and diet, since it provides a great nutritional source of calories and protein. The present research work was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato, Querochaca Campus, with the objective of evaluating the agronomic performance of eighteen improved wheat varieties released by INIAP, in order to identify the material with the best yield and good adaptability in that area, for which a completely randomized design was used with three replications of the 18 varieties, generating a total of 54 experimental units with an area of 1.2 m2 per plot. The variables to be evaluated were: days to heading, plant height, straw type, ear size, number of grains per ear, yield, hectoliter weight, diseases, type and color of grain. For data analysis and information processing, InfoStat statistical software was used to generate the normality test (Kolmogorov) at 5% significance, and then perform the analysis of variance using ADEVA and Tukey (parametric tests) or Kruskal and Wallis (non-parametric tests). Finally, the results determined that the varieties with the best agronomic performance were: INIAP ROMERO 73 in days to heading with an average of 81 days, being the earliest, in plant height INIAP COTOPAXI 88 with an average of 113.17cm, in ear size INIAP ROMERO 73 with an average size of 11.63cm, in number of grains per ear INIAP ROMERO 73 with an average size of 11.63cm, in number of grains per ear INIAP COTOPAXI 88 with an average of 11.17cm, in number of grains per ear the variety INIAP COTACAHI 98 with an average of 76 grains/spike, in hectoliter weight the variety INIAP COTACACHI 98 with an average weight of 81.18 Kg/hl, in yield INIAP ZHALAO 2003 with an average of 8005.55 Kg/ha, the varieties with the best resistance to yellow rust were: INIAP COTACAHI 98, INIAP ATACAZO 69, INIAP COJITAMBO 92, INIAP QUILINDAÑA 94 and INIAP MIRADOR 2010.Item Evaluación de tres formas de fertilización en el cultivo de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2023-03) Pilco Valdez, Silvia Marina; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioIn the Experimental Farm of the National Institute for Agricultural Research "INIAP" located in the Píllaro canton, three forms of fertilization were evaluated on the cultivation of blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) was evaluated, where the study factors were: drench application, edaphic application and application combined (drench and edaphic). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (DCA), with four treatments and three repetitions. The variables evaluated were number of buds per productive branch, number of flowers, number of fertilized fruits, number of harvested fruits, fruit weight, yield, concentration of soluble solids, and fruit firmness. Analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were performed for each variable. At the end of the analysis, it was determined that the best way to apply fertilizers is treatment 3 (T3) drench and edaphic, because in all the variables evaluated it was the treatment that presented the highest values in comparison with the other treatments under study. This is due to the fact that, when applying in both ways, the fertilizers are available for a longer time; when applying in the form of a drench, the plant is fed 24 hours after application and when applying in an edaphic way, the fertilizers are assimilable for 10 days. after the application.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de cuatro líneas promisorias de cebada bajo las condiciones agroecológicas del sector Querochaca(2023-03) Naranjo Freire, Diego Alejandro; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe present research work evaluated the agronomic behavior of four promising lines of barley, under the agro ecological conditions of the sector of Querochaca, the promising lines and the improved variety were provided by the INIAP cereals program, a completely random block design was employed with 5 treatments with 3 repetitions, in the research we studied variables such as days of tasseling, plant height, spike size, thatch type, number of grains per spike, yield, thousand grain weight, hectolithic or specific weight, type and color of grain and diseases, for each variable was used the test of Shapiro Wilks, homogeneity, ADEVA and Tukey to 5%, already finished the investigation the promising lines have been adapted to the agro ecological conditions of the field Querochaca in Cevallos canton, province of Tungurahua. Promising lines were obtained that stood out much more than others, the promising line CD-19-004 was the line that was better adapted to agro ecological conditions, presenting 85.33 days to the stem, plant height 125 cm, an intermediate stem, a medium grain, round shape, white color and good appearance, there was presence of diseases yellow leaf rust (Puccinia striiformis) with a severity of 38.8%, leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) present a severity of 6.67% and yellow dwarfism barley virus (BYDV) present traces of yellowing of the tip of few leaves, vigorous looking plant, CD-19-004 was the best promising line compared to the remaining three lines (CD-19-013, CMU-19-002, CMU-19-001) and surpassing the improved variety INIAP-CAÑICAPA 2003.Item Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de 15 variedades mejoradas de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) liberadas por el INIAP(2023-03) Simbaña Chiluisa, Edison Klever; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world, with 50% of the area and 63% of the production volume concentrated in Europe, where ninety million t/ha are produced with average productivity of 4 t/ha. In Ecuador, only 24,000 t/ha is produced, with an average productivity of 0.60 t/ha and production costs of up to U$ 700 per hectare. This research work took place at the Technical University of Ambato, Agricultural Sciences’ Faculty, located in Cevallos City, Tungurahua province. Fifteen barley varieties from the Cereal Program of the Experimental Station "Santa Catalina" INIAP were used. The objective of the exploratory study was to verify the agronomic performance of 15 varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by INIAP in order to identify germplasm with superior characteristics that demonstrate precocity, disease resistance, quality, and high yield. Variables evaluated: plant height, straw type, ear size, number of grains per ear, yield per hectare, hectoliter or specific weight, thousand-grain weight, grain type and color, and presence of diseases. A completely randomized block design (DBCA) was implemented, in the sources of variation that indicated statistical significance, a Tukey test at 5% was performed, while for those that did not adjust, a non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was performed, with the data obtained it was determined that all treatments were adapted to the conditions of the field under study, the treatment with better adaptability to agroecological conditions was the INIAP-Dorada 71 variety and the one with the best grain yield was INIAP-Quilotoa 2003 with 8724. 44 kg/ha.