Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de bioestimulantes alternativos para la inducción de floración en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2024-02) Pacha Guashco, Segundo Roberto; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoThe present research work was carried out in the Juan Benigno Vela parish, Tungurahua Province, Ambato canton, whose geographical coordinates are -1 °19'22.4″ S, 78°42'30.6″ W, with the objective of evaluating the effect of Alternative biostimulants in stimulating flowering in strawberry. The treatments were willow shoot extract, rice water and ozonated oil plus a commercial control, where a completely randomized block design was used, with three repetitions. The analysis of variance was carried out, taking into account the significant difference at 5%, in the same way as the Tukey tests. The economic analysis was carried out with the benefit-cost ratio methodology. The treatments that presented the best results are the extract of willow shoots as an alternative product. In the variable peduncle length, the willow extract presents a significant difference, in terms of clusters per plant and numbers of flowers per plant, they are statistically similar. The economic analysis by treatment results in rice water being more useful because the production cost is lower compared to the other treatments used in the experiment. Keywords Analysis, difference, extract, relationship, utilityItem Evaluación de la aplicación foliar de potasio y su incidencia en el rendimiento del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2022-09) Tapia Carrera, Stalin Fabricio; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalStrawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) crop has experienced a significant expansion worldwide due to both the value of production and the nutritional value, however, production levels in Ecuador are relatively low in relation to the world average. Although literature on the importance of macronutrients such as potassium in this crop is still scarce, it is known that the strawberry requires to be provided with quantities enough to satisfy the photosynthetic demand and an adequate growth of the fruits. In this sense, in the present study the effect of potassium fertilization applied via foliar on the number, size and quality of strawberry fruits was evaluated. For this, three doses (5, 10 and 15 g/l) of two foliar fertilizers (Engrosan K3000 and Agromax K50) were evaluated and compared with the conventional fertilization used in strawberry. A greater number of fruits was obtained in plants treated with Agromax K50 at a dose of 10 g/l, with which were obtained 6.74 and 18.44% higher than with the doses of 5 and 15 g/l of the same product, while with respect to the Engrosan K-300 product, it was 23.38, 13.34 and 14.99% higher than the doses of 5, 10 and 15 g/l, respectively. Similarly, estimated yield was significantly higher with Agromax K50 at a dose of 10 g/l compared to the rest of the treatments. The firmness of the fruit was affected by both the type of product and the dose applied, being significantly higher in fruits obtained from plants treated with Agromax K50 at the different doses, with values from 2.83 to 3.02 kg/cm2 in fruits from categories 2 and 3. Finally, the Brix degrees were not affected by the fertilizer type and the applied dose, so they generally ranged from 9.2 to 12.2 °Bx. Based on the results, the use of Agromax K50 in the fertilization of strawberry plants is recommended in order to obtain better quality of the harvest and higher yield.Item Evaluación de las propiedades bioestimulantes de dos productos alternativos en tres variedades de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) en la parroquia Montalvo, provincia de Tungurahua(2022-08) Sánchez Ortiz, Nayeli Estefanía; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is a fruit highly appreciated worldwide due to its qualities and nutritional benefits as it is rich in vitamins, contains antioxidants, minerals and a high percentage of fiber. One of the main problems faced by strawberry producers in Ecuador is the limited yield, which forces them to increase the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thus increasing production costs and causing damage to the environment. Therefore, this research aims to find new strategies such as the use of alternative products that improve crop yields and reduce production costs without neglecting aspects such as environmental care and human health. For this purpose, the effect of the biostimulants ozonated oil and Immune guard on the strawberry varieties Albión, Monterrey and Cabrillo was evaluated. A completely randomized block design was used in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, the factors being the strawberry varieties and the application products. Different parameters were evaluated, including yield, where the treatments that reached the highest percentages were T2 (Albión variety and Immune guard biostimulant) and T4 (Monterrey variety and Immune guard biostimulant); agronomic parameters of the three strawberry varieties were also evaluated and it was observed that Cabrillo was the earliestvariety and was also the variety that reached the greatest plant height; with respect to fruit size, the Albión variety had a greater polar diameter and Monterrey a greater equatorial diameter. With regard to the appearance of pests and diseases, Cabrillo was found to be more susceptible, and a financial analysis was made applying the benefit/cost ratio, and it was found that the treatments that represented the greatest profitability were T2 and T4, that is, the Albión and Monterrey varieties, respectively, with the applications of the Immune guard biostimulant.Item Evaluación de tres colores de acolchado plástico para la producción de fresa (Fragaria x Ananassa), variedad Albión, en la parroquia Montalvo, provincia de Tungurahua(2022-08) Acosta Villacis, Tatiana Macarena; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is very important for its high level of demand and production in different parts of the world, the fruit considered delight for magnificence, also has high levels of vitamins and minerals, so it is necessary to carry out research on new strategies that allow to increase the yield of the crop. Plastic padding stands out as one of the components that has the most influence on strawberry production, this thanks to the fact that it contributes to various benefits in cultivation. In this sense, in the present research the agronomic behavior of the strawberry crop with three colors of plastic padding was evaluated. In this way, different colors were used (black, white and silver) and compared with each other, different parameters were evaluated (plant height, weed population, fruit size, crop yield, soil temperature and attack of pests and diseases). In the plant height, a significant effect was observed from 90 and 120 days, demonstrating that black plastic mulch is the most recommended. For weed population there were significant differences throughout the evaluation period, with black plastic mulch demonstrating the best effect compared to white and silver. As for the size of the fruit, the polar and equatorial diameter was measured and in these two no significant differences were observed. In terms of performance, no significant effect was observed between treatments, but there were numerical differences, showing that the black color had a greater advantage with 5699 kg /ha compared to the white and silver plastic padding with 4793 kg/ha and 5002 kg/ha respectively. Both at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days the temperature varied and it was evident that black plastic always presented the highest temperature values in relation to white and silver plastics. The pests and diseases that were observed in the research were Spodoptera frugiperda, Oidium fragariae and Botrytis cinérea.Item Evaluación de tres fertilizantes orgánicos para mejorar la producción de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2021-09) Garcés Galarza, Jenny Abigail; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueStrawberry is an important crop in the Ecuadorian economy; however, several factors have been pointed out as causing losses in strawberry production, mainly related to the cultivation system, including fertilization management. The use of fertilizers in crops can generate contamination of water and soil, so it is necessary to evaluate alternative sources to provide nutrients to crops and ensure optimal levels of production. Thus, in this study the effect of three organic fertilizers (Algatec, Alg^TeqWP and SumakCrop) on the production of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) was evaluated. Each of the organic fertilizers was used in three doses (0.32, 0.40 and 0.48 g / L) to determine its effect on the height of plants, number of flowers, size (width and length) of the fruit and the weight of the fruit. The study was conducted in a completely randomized block experimental design with a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 + 1, the factors being the type and doses of the product. The results showed an effect of both the type of product and the dose applied in each of the variables evaluated. The highest values were reached when Alg^TeqWP was used at a dose of 0.48 g/L, with which higher plant height, number of flowers and both fruit size and weight were observed, followed by the values observed with the use of SumakCrop. Based on the positive results obtained in the present investigation, the inclusion of the organic fertilizers Alg^TeqWP and SumakCrop in the fertilization programs of strawberry plants is suggested, however, it is recommended to carry out an economic study to evaluate the feasibility of use.Item Inducción de la floración en fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) variedad albión, mediante la aplicación de extracto de sauce (Salix humboldtiana) y agua de coco (Cocos nucifera L)(2018) Pérez Guerrero, Laura Lucía; Yánez, WilfridoEl trabajo de investigación se realizó en la propiedad del Sr. Manuel Pérez, situada en la provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Tisaleo, cuyas coordenadas geográficas corresponden a 1° 21′ 0″ de latitud Sur y 78° 40′ 0″ de longitud Oeste, con una altitud de 3 156 msnm, con el objetivo de evaluar la aplicación foliar de dos concentraciones de extracto de sauce (Salix humboldtiana) 15 y 20% y agua de coco (Cocos nucifera L) 10 y 15%, en la estimulación de la floración en fresa. Los tratamientos fueron cuatro más un testigo absoluto. Se utilizó el diseño de bloques completamente al azar, en arreglo factorial, con cuatro repeticiones. Se efectuó el análisis de variancia, pruebas de diferencia mínima significativa (DMS) al 5%, pruebas de Tukey al 5%. El análisis económico se efectuó con la metodología de la relación beneficio costo (RBC). La aplicación de extracto de sauce (B1), produjo los mejores resultados, consiguiéndose disminuir los días al inicio de la floración (5,80 días de la primera aplicación), (5,70 días de la segunda aplicación), (5,85 días de la tercera aplicación), (5,98 días de la cuarta aplicación); mayor número de flores por planta, (3,70 flores primera aplicación), (4,18 flores segunda aplicación), (4,28 flores tercera aplicación), (4,55 flores cuarta aplicación) y el mayor rendimiento (43,99 t/ha). Con la aplicación de extracto de sauce en la concentración del 20% (C2), disminuyó los días al inicio de la floración (6,10 días de la tercera aplicación), (6,05 días de la cuarta aplicación) e incrementando el número de flores por planta (4,30 flores tercera aplicación), (4,60 flores cuarta aplicación), con los mejores rendimientos (42,80 t/ha). De análisis económico se concluye que, el tratamiento B1C2 (extracto de sauce 20% de concentración), alcanzó la mayor relación beneficio costo de 0,53, en donde los beneficios netos obtenidos fueron 0,53 veces lo invertido.Item Antibiosis y antixenosis en dos cultivares de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) variedades festival y san andreas al ataque de (Tetranychus urticae Koch)(2018) Lema Chicaiza, Ana Gabriela; Vásquez Freytez, CarlosThe two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is considered to be the main pest to strawberry crops worldwide. Studies on life history parameters of phytophagous species are useful tools for evaluating resistance or susceptibility of host plants to pests, including different cultivars of the same variety. Developmental time and reproductive parameters of T. urticae were evaluated on two strawberry cultivars (‘Festival’ and ‘San Andreas’) under experimental conditions (18.0 ± 1.0 ºC, 55.0 ± 10 % RH and 12:12 photoperiod). Total developmental time (adult-egg) showed to be shorter when mite was reared on strawberry leaf disks from cultivar ‘Festival’; being 16.3% faster than in ‘San Andreas’, although higher sex ratio was observed on the latter. Similarly, longevity, oviposition and post-oviposition periods in T. urticae females were significantly higher on ‘San Andreas’, being 22.14, 18.2 and 14.8% higher as compared to ‘Festival’. Conversely, no cultivar effect on daily oviposition rate or total number of eggs/female was detected. Based on the biological parameters of T. urticae on strawberry cultivars used in Ecuador, the cultivar San Andreas seems to show greater susceptibility to feeding damages inflicted by this species of mite, however, these results should be validated with field studies to determine the impact of feeding on the productivity of this strawberry variety. In the San Andreas variety, it was observed that the number of mites was higher in all strata of the plant compared to 'Festival'. Additionally, in leaves of the middle and upper strata the number of mites was similar, ranging from 0.2 to 3.6 mites / leaf and 0.6 to 3.0 mites / leaf in the upper and middle strata of plants located at 23 cm, while in plants with greater distance (33 cm) populations varied from 0.4 to 2.4 and 0.2 and 1.8 mites / leaf in the upper and middle strata.Item Evaluación de sustratos y soluciones nutritivas en la producción hidropónica con sustratos sólidos en fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2018) Flores Barona, Mario David; Curay, SegundoThe present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the development of the strawberry crop in different mixtures of substrates and several nutritive solutions. The experiment was conducted on the property of Mr. Mario Flores, located in the Andignato sector, Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province. In the trial, substrates with different combinations of rice husk, gravel, kekkilla and coconut fiber were used. The strawberry was planted in the substrates and irrigation was carried out according to the requirement of the crop. A factorial experiment (A x B) arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (DBCA) with three repetitions was performed, where the variables were registered: root volume, leaf volume and yield. The best results in the agronomics were obtained with the use of the S2M1 treatment; the best root volume (12.8 cc), leaf volume (55.53 cc) and yield (12068.06 kg / ha / week) was obtained, however it is necessary to mention that all the treatments used provided conditions for the development of the Strawberry cultivation. It was also determined that in the period August 2017-February 2018 it was necessary to use 314.90 mm of irrigation for the crop, using the drip irrigation method.Item Respuesta del suelo y del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) a la aplicación de lactofermentos enriquecidos en el sector Querochaca, cantón Cevallos(2015) Solís Llerena, Jenny Gabriela; Dobronski, JorgeEl presente trabajo de investigación titulado “Respuesta del suelo y del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) a la aplicación de lactofermentos enriquecidos en el sector querochaca cantón Cevallos” se efectuó a una altitud de 2855 msnm, 1° 25' 0” sur de latitud, a una longitud de 78°35'22” oeste. Esta investigación se realizó con el propósito de determinar la influencia de las aplicaciones de lactofermentos en la composición biológica y química del suelo y su respuesta agronómica en el cultivo de fresa, establecer el mejor tratamiento que permita restaurar el equilibrio biológico y químico del suelo e identificar la eficiencia económica de los tratamientos utilizados. La primera cosecha no presentó variaciones a los diferentes tratamientos de lactofermentos con EMAs y lactofermentos para las variables peso, firmeza, diámetro ecuatorial, polar y pH, excepto para la variable grados brix del fruto cuyo tratamiento fue F2M3 (lactofermentos + sulfato de magnesio) ya que si presento diferencias estadísticas con un valor de 7,53 grados brix. Esto está relacionado con la calidad microbiana del suelo ya que el tratamiento F2M3 presentó una población total de 6 000 ufc entre las cuales se encontraron 2 cepas de hongos benéficos (Arthrobotrys irregukaris) control de nematodos y (Pullularia sp.) cuya función es la de sintetizar enzimas como controlar biológicamente algunas enfermedades. Además se pudo observar una variación en el pH del suelo lo cual permitió una mejor asimilación de nutrientes. La segunda cosecha presentó variación en los tratamientos F1M6 (lactofermentos + EMAs + levaduras) en las variable grados brix del fruto con un promedio de 7,33 grados brix, en el análisis microbiológico se reportó para este tratamiento 42 000 ufc con 6 cepas de hongos benéficos. Por otra parte el tratamiento F1M3 (lactofermentos + EMAs + sulfato de magnesio) presentó variación en el pH observando un promedio de 3,23 reportando 2 cepas de hongos benéficos (Trichoderma hamatum) y (Acremonium sp) con un total de 18000 ufc. Estos hongos cumplieron funciones de antagonismo, descomposición de la materia orgánica (Saprobio).