Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos sobre las características físicas y sensoriales de la carne de Cavia porcellus(2024-02) Maliza Calapiña, Andrea Lisbeth; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on shrub forages on the physical and sensory characteristics of Cavia porcellus meat. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was used, where weights (700-751 g), (751-800 g), (801-890 g), (891-900 g) were blocked, with a total of 72 native female guinea pigs of three months of age that received three diets as treatments: T1 (control) with 40% (Medicago sativa), T2 with 40% (Baccharis floribunda) and T3 with 40% (Anethum graveolens). After 90 days of study, 3 guinea pigs were selected from each block with a total of 12 guinea pigs per treatment, which were slaughtered for the evaluation of physical characteristics: pH, color, water holding capacity (WRC) and cooking losses (CWL) and sensory characteristics: flavor, tenderness, juiciness, palatability and overall meat quality. Data were taken 15 h after meat maturation; Psoas major (PM) muscles were used for pH, Rectus abdominis (RA) for color and Biceps femori (BF) for water holding capacity (WRC) and cooking loss (WL); significant statistical difference was obtained in pH, where the guinea pigs fed with Witness T1 (Medicago sativa) obtained a more acid pH (6.03) than the treatments with shrub fodder, in the same way, significant differences were found in the color indexes, where the control T1 (Medicago sativa) presented the flesh more luminous and redder than the treatments with shrub forages, on the other hand, the water retention capacity (CRA %) and cooking losses (PPC %) did not present significant differences between the treatments. The sensory characteristics were evaluated by a panel of 30 consumers who tasted meat samples taken from each treatment, indicating that there is a significant statistical difference, being the guinea pigs fed with T3 (40% Anethum graveolens) the ones that presented better sensory characteristics (flavor and palatability); in the same way, the C/B of each treatment was calculated indicating that the diets based on shrub forages present gains. In conclusion, the feeding of Medicago sativa, Baccharis floribunda, Anethum graveolens influenced the physical and sensory characteristics of Cavia porcellus meat. Key words: B. floribunda, A. graveolens, technological characteristics, organoleptic characteristics, meat.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos: chilca y eneldo en el rendimiento a la canal y características químicas de la carne de cuy(2022-03) Larrea Heras, Ivette Gabriela; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of this research work was to evaluate the carcass yield, carcass conformati on measurements and the chemical characteristics of the meat of guinea pigs that receiv ed diets based on bush forages. The research was carried out in the Cevallos canton, usi ng 45 guinea pigs, female, chosen from the closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued "ex situ in vivo" belonging to the farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Te chnical University of Ambato. Three diets were prepared: T1, T2 and T3, each with a different base; thus, for T1 the diet was 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), for T2 40% chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and for T3 40% dill (Anethum graveolens). Once the study was finished (45 days), the guinea pigs were sacrificed. Live weight on the farm, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight were recorded in order to obtain carcass yields. For linear measurements and carcass conformation, measurements of carcass length, width of the buttocks and thorax, lumbar and thoracic circumference, depth of the thorax, length of posterior limb were taken, in addition, the compactness index of the carcass was calculated. To know the cochemical characteristics, a sample was taken from the longissimus thoracis et Lumborum muscles and the rectus abdominis to be sent to the certified laboratory. In conclusion, the feeding of native guinea pigs with concentrated diets based on chilca and dill, the yields to the carcass expressed percentages of 52.53% and 54.27%, respectively, representing that there is no significant incidence in the yield to the carcass in compared with the alfalfa-based T1 that presented a carcass yield of 54.69%. In the case of linear measurements and the conformation of the carcass, they were characterized, however, they did not present significant differences between diets except in the case of compactness index, for which alfalfa reported 35.9 g / cm compared to chilca (25.35 g / cm) and dill (29.18 g / cm) respectively. Finally, regarding the chemical characteristics of the meats, it was obtained that the chilca-based diet had a lower percentage of fat with 4.59%, unlike the meat of guinea pigs fed with dill with 12.36%.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos, sobre los parámetros productivos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2021-04) Lluay Guilcapi, Erika Esthefanía; Avilés Esquivel, DianaThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on Bush forages on the productive parameters in guinea pigs. Seventy-five male and female guinea pigs were used, weighing between 500 and 600 grams, a month and a half old, from the same population evaluating digestibility; they were distributed in three treatments: T1, T2 and T3; 5 repetitions per treatment and 5 guinea pigs per experimental unit; to evaluate voluntary nutrient intake, weigh gain and feed conversion; for 45 days. Subsequently, fifteen male guinea pigs weighing more than 750 grams were used, chosen from the “Closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued “ex situ in vivo” of Cavia porcellus”, divided into three treatments, in which the control is included: T1 (control): Alfarine (Medicago sativa flour), T2: Chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and T3: Dill (Anethum graveolens), and 5 repetitions per treatment; this, to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients, for 5 days. The guinea pigs treated with T4 (A. arborescens) did not survive during adaptation and were therefore excluded from the evaluation of this study. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the treatments, the highest digestibility (p<0.05) of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) was obtained by T1 (58.57 %) and T2 (49.73 %), and that of Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) showed higher values (p<0.05) for T1 (57.60 %) and T2 (43.68 %). The voluntary intake of food, DM, OM and CP; did not show significant differences (P>0,05) between the treatments, while the voluntary consumption of NDF and ADF were higher (p<0,05) for T1 in both cases, with values of 22,85 and 13,23 grams, respectively. No statistical differences were observed between the treatments (P>0,05) for weight gains at 15, 30 and 45 days, however, the smallest feed conversion (p<0.05) was for being T1, with a value of 6,73. It was concluded that the inclusion of Chilca and dill in the diet influenced the voluntary intakes of NDF and ADF, as well as the feed conversion and digestibility of NDF, ADF and MO; furthermore, the Marco-based diet produced high mortality due to its high levels of secondary compounds.Item Preferencia del consumo de forrajes arbóreos y arbustivos andinos en ovinos(2016) Ortiz Tirado Paúl Santiago, Paúl Santiago; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioEl objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la preferencia de consumo de árboles y arbustos forrajeros, utilizando ocho ovinos machos de alrededor de 30 kg. Donde se evaluó: Baccharis latifolia, Malva sylvestris, Cytisus monspessulanus, Tecoma stans, Anethum graveolens, Alnus acuminata, y Sambucus nigra. Se determinó: preferencia de consumo voluntario, mediante una prueba de cafetería. Degradación ruminal in situ MS, mediante la técnica de la bolsa de nylon en el rumen. Digestibilidad y producción de gas in vitro. Los resultados del screening fitoquímico muestran que T5 presenta una moderada concentración de saponinas. En taninos totales T6 presenta una concentración. Para alcaloides totales y polifenoles totales T3, T4, T6 muestran presencia cuantiosa respectivamente. Aceites esenciales se observa que T5 y T7 tienen una alta concentración. La preferencia de consumo mostró diferencias (P=0.0001) entre tratamientos siendo el mayor consumo para T6 (117 gMS/animal/día). La mayor digestibilidad y menor producción de gas se observó en T2 y T1 (71.1% y 203.88 ml de gas/0.5g MS fermentable respectivamente). La degradación ruminal de la MS los mayores porcentajes (P=0.0001) para la fracción soluble A fue para T1 y T4, la fracción B mostró para T2, T5 y T7. Se puede concluir que los forrajes de árboles (T6 y T4) como de arbustos (T2) se puede incluir en la dieta de los ovinos mejorando funciones del rumen y disminuir emisiones de GEIs.