Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Subject: search.filters.subject.FIBRA DETERGENTE NEUTRA

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    Efecto de enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas en dietas altas en fibra sobre la función ruminal in vivo e in vitro en ovinos
    (2018) Sanmartín Villacreses, Diana Aracelly; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.
    The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of fibrolytic enzymes in high fiber diets on ruminal function in vivo and in vitro in sheep. The work was carried out in the Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca. Four castrated male sheep with an average weight of 30 kg were fed a diet covering the nutritional requirements of the animals according to the 1993 AFRC, with different inclusion levels of enzymes (0%, 0.08%, 0.16% and 0.24% ). The investigation included four periods of 14 days of adaptation and 4 days of sampling for the treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4, resulting in a field work of 72 days where each animal was confined in its metabolic cage. The voluntary intake of MS and MO was higher (P <0.05) respectively, in T1, T3 and T4 with respect to the other treatment. PC consumption was higher (P = 0.0013) for T4 (363.8 g / animal / day). With respect to NDF and ADF consumption, it was higher (P <0.05) for T1 and T4 respectively (Table 3). The voluntary consumption by PV0.75 of MS, MO, NDF and FDA showed no differences (P> 0.05) between the treatments. The intake of digestible nutrients of MO and NDF showed a better response in T1, T3 and T4 respectively (Table 3). The digestibility of the FDA was higher (P = 0.0407) in the treatments with ascending levels of enzymes (linear P = 0.0060) (Table 3). The ruminal pH and the production of AGVs, acetic, butyric, isobutyric and isovaleric acids, no differences were observed (P> 0.05) between treatments, whereas propionic acid was higher (P = 00.0084) in T3 and T4 as the dose of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. In the same way, the ratio decreased from acetate to propionate (P <0.05) in T3 and T4. A lower PG (P <0.05) was recorded in the T1 and T4 treatments than the other treatments. The kinetics of gas production (PG) (ml / 0.5g MS degraded), recorded a lower PG (P <0.05) in the treatments T1 and T4 than the other treatments. The ammonia production was higher (P = 0.0001) (table 4) in the treatments T3 and T4 with respect to the other treatments. The production of methane (Table 6) (ml / 0.5g MS fermentable) showed (P <0.05) a lower production of methane in the T4 treatment.
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    Efecto de la adición de bacillus spp. en ensilaje de maíz (zea mays) sobre la cinética de degradación ruminal in situ y fermentación ruminal in vitro.
    (2017) Solís Villacrés, Ricardo David; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos
    The effect of the addition of Bacillus spp. in maize (Zea mays) stubble silage was evaluated on the in situ ruminal degradation kinetics and ruminal fermentation in vitro according to a completely randomized design with four dose treatments of Bacillus spp. (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ml/Kg DM). Determined the content of Dry Matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and the Effective Degradation (ED) of DM. In vitro digestibility consisted of incubating the samples with ruminal fluid for 48 h, in situ degradation of MS was performed in 6 male castrated cattle, weighing approximately 450 kg of mestizo breed, with a cannula fistula in the rumen (Bar Diamond, Parma, Idaho, USA). Maintained in zinc roof pens and cement floor, the animals were fed with a diet based on alfalfa fodder, the incubation times were 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The data obtained were adjusted to the model of Orskov & McDonald (1979) to establish the soluble (a), insoluble but potentially degradable fractions (b), degradation rates in % per hour (c), passage rates (k) 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 (k /% h) and effective degradability (ED). Regarding the degradability of DM, the treatments T3 and T4 showed higher values in the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (b) (45% and 44%, respectively). In relation to ruminal degradation of OM, soluble fraction (a) was higher (P = <.0001) in T1 (37%), T2 (39%) and T4 (38%) in relation to T3, the Insoluble fraction but potentially degradable (b) was higher (P = <.0001) in T3 (45%) and T4 (44%). The effective degradation with different passage rates (k) was greater (P> 0.05) in T2 and T4 than in the other treatments. The in vitro digestibility of DM and OM did not show differences (P = 0.1372 and P = 0.1169, respectively) between treatments. The ruminal pH in the 4 and 12 hours decreased in treatments T1, T2, T3 compared to T4 (7.11 and 7.36 respectively) post-incubation. Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3) presented statistical differences between treatments at hours 2, 4 and 8 post-incubation sampling, obtaining the highest (P <0.05) NH3 the experiments incubated with the silage treated with the highest dose of Bacillus spp. (T4). In the production of VFAs, propionic acid is higher in treatments T3 and T4 in hours (2, 4) and (2, 4 and 8) respectively.
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    Efecto de la adición de Bacillus spp. en ensilaje de maíz (Zea mays) sobre la cinética de degradación ruminal in situ y fermentación ruminal in vitro.
    (2017) Solís Villacrés, Ricardo David; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos
    The effect of the addition of Bacillus spp. in maize (Zea mays) stubble silage was evaluated on the in situ ruminal degradation kinetics and ruminal fermentation in vitro according to a completely randomized design with four dose treatments of Bacillus spp. (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 ml/Kg DM). Determined the content of Dry Matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and the Effective Degradation (ED) of DM. In vitro digestibility consisted of incubating the samples with ruminal fluid for 48 h, in situ degradation of MS was performed in 6 male castrated cattle, weighing approximately 450 kg of mestizo breed, with a cannula fistula in the rumen (Bar Diamond, Parma, Idaho, USA). Maintained in zinc roof pens and cement floor, the animals were fed with a diet based on alfalfa fodder, the incubation times were 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The data obtained were adjusted to the model of Orskov & McDonald (1979) to establish the soluble (a), insoluble but potentially degradable fractions (b), degradation rates in % per hour (c), passage rates (k) 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 (k /% h) and effective degradability (ED). Regarding the degradability of DM, the treatments T3 and T4 showed higher values in the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (b) (45% and 44%, respectively). In relation to ruminal degradation of OM, soluble fraction (a) was higher (P = <.0001) in T1 (37%), T2 (39%) and T4 (38%) in relation to T3, the Insoluble fraction but potentially degradable (b) was higher (P = <.0001) in T3 (45%) and T4 (44%). The effective degradation with different passage rates (k) was greater (P> 0.05) in T2 and T4 than in the other treatments. The in vitro digestibility of DM and OM did not show differences (P = 0.1372 and P = 0.1169, respectively) between treatments. The ruminal pH in the 4 and 12 hours decreased in treatments T1, T2, T3 compared to T4 (7.11 and 7.36 respectively) post-incubation. Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3) presented statistical differences between treatments at hours 2, 4 and 8 post-incubation sampling, obtaining the highest (P <0.05) NH3 the experiments incubated with the silage treated with the highest dose of Bacillus spp. (T4). In the production of VFAs, propionic acid is higher in treatments T3 and T4 in hours (2, 4) and (2, 4 and 8) respectively.
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    Composición química y cinética de degradación ruminal de forraje verde hidropónico de avena a cuatro tiempos de cosecha
    (2017) Paillacho De La Cruz, Nelly Rocío; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos
    The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the harvest age on the nutritional value of hydroponic green oat forage (HGOF). The research was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. The seeds used of oat were of the variety INIAP 82. The planting density was 6.4kg/m2, the chemical fertilization was done covering the nutritional requirements for the cultivation by irrigation water (1L/m2 every 6 h). The experiment was conducted under a completely random design with four treatments (harvest times: T1:8, T2:11, T3:14 and T4:17 days) and six replicates. Were analyzed the following response variables: chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in situ ruminal degradation of nutrients, this test was performed using the nylon bag in the rumen and six bulls of approximately 450±49 kg of live weight. The results show a greater (P=0.0012) MS content in treatments T2(94.56), T3(95.29) and T4(95.28), with respect to OM, FDA, EB did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). However, NDF and Ash was higher (P<0.05) in treatments T3 and T4 (45.72 y 47.91, 4.46 y 4.91 respectively) in relation to the other treatments respectively. The potential degradation of DM and OM (A+B) did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05), however, in the effective degradation was greater (P<0.005) en T1 y T2. Regarding the degradation potential (A+B) and effective degradation of the NDF and ADF, they did not show differences between treatments evaluated (P>0.05). In vitro digestibility of DM and OM did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this study it can be concluded that harvest times of FVHA for the feeding of ruminants are between 8 and 11 days, as it contains the highest nutrient content and better ruminal degradation parameter.