Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Subject: search.filters.subject.EXTRACTO ETANÓLICO

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    Efecto del uso de un coadyuvante en la efectividad del extracto etanólico de ajo para el control de oligonychus yothersi (Mcgregor) (Acari: tetranychidae)
    (2022-09) Tiana Erazo, Álvaro Mauricio; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
    Tetranychidae includes pest species that can inflict economic damage to crops of economic importance worldwide, so they often require control measures. Given its importance, several studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of more environmentally friendly control methods, such as the use of biopesticide products. In the present study, the effect of the use of an adjuvant on the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of garlic for the control of Oligonychus yothersi was evaluated. The acaricidal activity of the garlic extract was evaluated by the residual contact technique using leaf disks immersed in each of the extract concentrations for 20 s. The use of adjuvant caused a higher mortality rate at 24 h after application, reaching 37.5%, while in the treatments where no adjuvant was used, it reached 30.0%. At 48 hours after application, the mortality rates during these periods were 23.33 and 25.42% with and without adjuvant, respectively, and at 72 hours, rates of 16.67 and 12.92%, respectively, were reached. However, when analyzing the effect on cumulative mortality after 72 h of application, what was observed at 24 h was verified, where the cumulative rate reached 77.50 in the extract with adjuvant and 68.33% when the extract was used. only. Additionally, the garlic extract with adjuvant caused the greatest reduction in oviposition at the highest concentrations (8 and 16% of the extract) with a reduction of 70.80 and 7.03% compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, the observed reductions in oviposition when garlic extract was used alone were smaller, since, with the highest doses, the percentage reduction was 55.3 and 59.6%, respectively. Finally, the greatest reduction in longevity was observed with doses of 4 to 16% of the extract, regardless of whether it was applied with or without adjuvant. The intermediate doses (1 and 2%) were able to cause a reduction in longevity between 27.3 and 35% in relation to the control treatment. The garlic extract showed to have a positive effect in the control of O. yothersi, for which it could be included in pest management plans
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    Manejo de Eotetranychus lewisi (Acari: Tetranychidae) utilizando extracto etanólico de orégano (Lippia origanoides L.) bajo condiciones de laboratorio
    (2022-08) Guanotasig Sasig, Edison Goevanny; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
    The tetranychid mite, Eotetranychus lewisi (Mcgregor) can feed on more than 71 host plant species and has a wide geographic distribution, including Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, Peru and Ecuador. Due to its importance as a pest, in this study the use of oregano plant extract (Lippia origanoides L.) for the management of Eotetranychus lewisi was evaluated. For this purpose, different doses of the ethanolic extract of oregano (5, 10 and 15%) were used on the mortality rate, oviposition rate and longevity of the females of E. lewisi evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h after the application under laboratory conditions, using the methodology referred to the rearing units. An increase in the mortality rate was observed as extract concentration increased, being more evident at 24 h after the application of the extract, since the mortality rate was 3.8 times higher with the concentration of 5% of the extract, while with 10 and 15% the rate was 5.5 and 8 times higher than the control treatment. Regarding the oviposition rate, an effect of the concentration was observed, but no variations were detected in the three days of evaluation within the same concentration. Finally, longevity had a reduction of 16.7% when 5% extract was used, while with concentrations of 10 and 15%, longevity was reduced between 46.6 and 49.4% in relation to females of the witness treatment. Based on the results, oregano extract could be included in an integrated management program that leads to a reduction in the use of chemical products.