Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Proteus spp aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Coka Escobar, Carolina Alejandra; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaProteus spp is one of the most sensitive genera within the enterobacteria, it maintains sensitivity to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, however, due to the frequent and imprudent use of these antibiotics, an increase in the cut-off points for minimum inhibitory concentration has been observed which are statistically significant, this is due to the different mechanisms of resistance that the bacteria present and which represent a relevant problem in public health. In this research work, the antibioresistance of 18 strains of Proteus spp. was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer method for the following group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, the results obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining results of antibiotic percentage of: Ciprofloxacin: 27.7%, Ceftriaxone:16.6%, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid: 22.2% , Gentamicin and Amikacin: 0%. For the second phase, the cut-off points established by CLSI (The Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, 2023) to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration, however, the inhibition curves increased with the following results: Amikacin (AK): 18-20 μg/ml Gentamicin (CN): 18-22 μg/ml Ciprofloxacin (CIP): 19-21 μg/ml Ceftriaxone (CRO):18-22 μg/ml Amoxicillin + Àc. Clavulanic acid (AMC): 28-33 μg/ml. Therefore, it was considered essential to study the mechanisms of resistance presented by Proteus spp, firstly towards fluoroquinolones, which was one of the groups with the highest resistance due to the presence of chromosomal mutations, the production of BLEE for beta-lactams and alteration of the target site or mutations of hydroxyl groups and aminos present in aminoglycosides.Item Determinación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Castro Velasco, Katerin Anahí; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaEscherichia coli presents significantly high and well-developed resistance mechanisms towards antibiotics, representing a worldwide problem for public health, one of its transmission routes is in food of animal origin, noting that the dissemination is facilitated by poor hygiene and Sanitary control in slaughterhouses. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the antibioresistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated in chicken meat in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua Province. We worked with a total of 31 E.coli strains subjected to two research phases, the first to establish the Resistance, Intermediate or Sensitivity of the strains to the group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin through of the Kirby Bauer phenotypic method (Disc-plaque), the results were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining a CIP Resistance: 45%, CRO: 25.8%, AMC: 9.8%. , CN and AK: 0%, following CLSI 2023 cut-off points. In the second phase, the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of the resulting strains sensitive to the group of antibiotics in phase 1 was determined, the results were analyzed descriptively through of curves establishing the MIC of AK: 18-20 μg/ml CN: 18-22 μg/ml CIP: 19-21 μg/ml CRO:18- 22 μg/ml AMC: 28-33 μg/ml, following points of CLSI 2023 cutoff. The main resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli to beta-lactams are beta-lactamases, to aminoglycosides mutations in amino and hydroxyl groups and alteration of target sites and in fluoroquinolones chromosomal mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase occur, all of these methods developed by E.coli block the action of drugs. In conclusion, it was determined that E. coli shows a marked resistance to antibiotics thanks to resistance methods that the bacteria presents through enzymes and mutations.Item Eficacia antimicrobiana de aceites esenciales de tomillo (T. vulgaris), CANELA (C. verum), romero (R. officinalis), laurel (L. nobilis) sobre cepas de Pasteurella multocida Y Bordetella bronchiseptica(2019-08) Robalino Chariguaman, Alex Javier; Calero Cáceres, WilliamThe aim of this study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Thyme (T. vulgaris), Cinnamon (C. verum), Rosemary (R. officinalis), Laurel (L. nobilis) essential oils on certified strains of Pasteurella multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * and Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were estimated by microdilution method; and the plate plating (Mueller Hinton agar) was applied for the estimation of the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The MICs of the evaluated essential oils, at the experimental conditions were: P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * (L. nobilis 0.8%, C. verum 3.8%, T. vulgaris 2.4% and R. officinalis 10.5%); for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. (L. nobilis 1.8%, C. verum 6.7%, T. vulgaris 10.1% and R. officinalis 3.5%). The MBCs of the evaluated essential oils were: L. nobilis 2.1%, C. verum 7%, T. vulgaris 10.3% and R. officinalis 7% for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *; for P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * were L. nobilis 1%, C. verum 4.3%, T. vulgaris 2.7% and R. officinalis 11.1%. The inhibition percentages of the evaluated essential oils (compared to gentamicin 160 mg / mL) was found between 33.78% - 40.84% in the case of P. multocida and between 5.98%- 22.35% for B. bronchiseptica.Item Estandarización de PCRm para identificación de cepas de Salmonella spp. de importancia en salud pública y medicina veterinaria, aisladas en muestras aviares(2018) Salazar Cherres, Gabriela de los Ángeles; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoDirección de Innovación y Emprendimiento según el CÓDIGO ORGÁNICO DE LA ECONOMÍA SOCIAL DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS, CREATIVIDAD E INNOVACIÓN, Aprobado Registro Oficial Nº 899 diciembre de 2016 Artículo 11.- “Atribuciones de la entidad encargada de la gestión de la propiedad intelectual y de la protección de conocimientos tradicionales”, se encuentra gestionando, el proceso de trámite del Registro como Derecho de Autor, y reserva de tesis relevante, en el Servicio Nacional de Derechos Intelectuales (SENADI).Item Efecto antimicrobiano in vitro del aceite esencial de orégano (Origanum vulgare) sobre cepas certificadas de Escherichia coli Y Staphylococcus aureus(2018) Lopez Rivera, Edwin Andrés; Montero, MayraThe objective of the research project was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial effect of oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) on strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, in which concentrations of 30%, 60% and 90% were evaluated in dilution of oregano plus tween 80 oil. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined for the Escherichia coli strain, where turbidity was present at 30% in all its established hours, while at 60% and 90% it did not present turbidity, on the other hand, for the strain Staphylococcus aureus, no turbidity was present in any of its concentrations; The Bactericidal Minimum Concentration was also determined on the strain Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, where the 30% Escherichia coli strain presented colony formation at all established times, while at 60% and 90% there was no bacterial growth; On the other hand, for the strain Staphylococcus aureus, there was no bacterial growth in any of the three concentrations. Regarding the sensitivity halos in the Escherichia coli strain, a minimum diameter of 13.01mm at 30% and a maximum value of 17.62mm at 60% was obtained, determining that the oil of oregano prevents the growth of bacteria from its minimum value at 30%, on the other hand, in the Staphylococcus aureus strain, a minimum value of 13.25mm was obtained at a concentration of 30% and a maximum value of 25mm at 90%. In the analysis of variance the results obtained in the treatments at 60% and 90%, are not significantly different (p = <0.05), being statistically equal with values of 17.62 mm and 16.05 mm respectively, in relation to 30% with a value of 13.01 mm in halos of inhibition for the strain Escherichia coli, while the dilutions of the treatments at 30%, 60% and 90% against the strain Staphylococcus aureus are statistically different (p = <0.05) with values of 13.25 mm, 16.35 mm and 25.00mm of inhibition halos.