Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CEBOLLA (Allium cepa L.)

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    Evaluación de productos alternativos para el manejo de mildiu velloso (Peronospora destructor) en el cultivo de cebolla (Allium cepa L.)
    (2024-02) Pilatasig Achachi, Anabel Gissela; Villacis Aldas, Luis Alfredo
    In this country, the bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is considered one of the most important traditional crops in the agricultural economy. However, the presence of diseases such as downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) has caused significant losses in crop production and quality. Therefore, it is very important to find ways to protect the traditional crops against pests and diseases without damaging the soil, water or the environment in general. This is crucial to reduce pollution that affects plants, animals and therefore humans. There is a necessity to look for new alternatives to improve this control in bulb onions while being environmentally friendly. The present research is based on the effectiveness of two organic products to control of downy mildew (Peronospora destructor) in onion crops (Allium cepa L.). A completely randomized block design was used with (DBCA), with group analysis of treatments with 3 repetitions. In addition, 5% Tukey tests were performed to understand averages. The variables to be evaluated were incidence percentage, severity percentage, weight and performance. The products to be used were Atlante (P1) and horsetail extract (P2). The Atlante product in a dose of 10.5cc/l (D3) demonstrated the best results in reducing incidence and severity, presenting values of 23.95% in incidence and 11.57% in severity. Due to the fact that the Atlante product is a liquid fertilizer that contains phosphorus and potassium presented in the form of potassium phosphate, which helps stimulate phytoalexins that are like its natural defense system against phytopathogenic fungi. Meanwhile, in the baton showed a greater increase in the disease because no product was applied. Also, the plants treated with Atlante (10.5 cc/L) grew better and produced bigger bulbs, with an average weight of 183.93g. This led to the best yields, averaging 9.36 kg per treatment. Keywords: dose, Atlante, horsetail extract, pathogen, incidence and severiy.
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    Aislamiento y caracterización de Trichoderma spp. asociada con el cultivo de cebolla en suelos de la provincia Tungurahua
    (2021-09) Veliz Pérez, Ángel Ricardo; Leiva Mora, Michel
    With the method of inclusion of roots and bait with coconut fragments, Trichoderma could not be isolated. Through the use of containers with rice substrate, molasses and fish meal, an isolate of Trichoderma (P10M2) was obtained, while direct isolation from serial dilutions of soil samples three isolates of Trichoderma (P4M2, P5M1 and P6M3) were obtained. Young colonies of Trichoderma were white and light green colors at anverse of the colonies and the presence of yellow pigmentation in the P5M1 isolate were observed. Colonies were circular, some with concentric rings and irregular edges. Predominant texture of the colonies was cottony. Morphologically the isolates were similar with respect to the diameter of the hyphae, the diameter of the conidia and the length of the phyalides. Branched conidiophores with the main branches producing lateral branches. No strain was able to show significant antagonistic capacity in the dual culture test since none was able to grow on the colony of the phytopathogenic agent or sporulate on it. None of the four Trichoderma isolates were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of S. cepivora as they were not producers of volatile antifungal compounds. The main hyphal interactions observed in dual microcultures were: hyphal coiling, hyphal adhesion and hyphal lysis. The isolation and characterization of native strains of Trichoderma spp. associated with onion cultivation as a starting point to develop future biological control measures for onion white rot.
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    Evaluación de diferentes sustratos comerciales sobre la viabilidad de semillas de cebolla (Allium cepa L.)
    (2021-04) Montúfar Villacís, Klever Arturo; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
    Onion (Allium cepa L.) is among the most consumed vegetables worldwide and popular for its extensive health benefits, however, some factors such as lack of investments to improve cultivation and irrigation methods have caused discouragement in production. Therefore, among the strategies to be evaluated are studies on seed production that allow improving crop’s production and productivity. In this study, the effect of different commercial substrates (Terracult, Pindstrup Plus and Floragard) on the viability of Burguesa variety onion seeds was evaluated and then compared with a conventional substrate used as control treatment. In each substrate, the percentage and speed of germination were evaluated for 5 days, in addition root length, bulb diameter, fresh and dry weight of bulb were evaluated at 15 and 30 days after emergence. According to the results, both the germination percentage and the germination speed were affected by the type of substrate, being superior to the control treatment in all types of substrates. Additionally, root length and bulb diameter (pseudostem) and fresh and dry weight of seedling were significantly higher in seedlings obtained from commercial substrates. All substrates shown to have a positive effect on the production of onion seedlings, however, field studies are required to validate the results obtained in the present investigation.