Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CARACTERIZACIÓN MORFOLÓGICA

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    Caracterización morfológica, patogénica y molecular del agente causal de la roya blanca en girasol (Helianthus annuus L.)
    (2023-03) Tamayo Morales, Ana Gabriela; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
    White rust (Pústula helianthicola) of sunflower, discovered in Argentina in 1940, is characterized by the production of pustules on the leaves, with yellow pustules on the adaxial surface and white pustules on the abaxial surface, leading to necrosis of the plant, which affects the yield and quality of the flower head. The objective of the present work was to characterize morphologically, pathogenically and molecularly the causal agent of white rust in sunflower. For the morphological characterization, the sunflower crop was established in a field with a history of white rust, and from the vegetative growth of the crop, the different symptoms and signs were recorded, and later the diameter of pustules, sporangia, oospores and zoospores were observed under the microscope. For pathogenic characterization, healthy leaves of different sunflower varieties (Vincent's Choice, Sunbright Hybrid and Sunrich Orange) were inoculated with a suspension of 104 spores obtained from white rust pustules. For molecular characterization, PCR-amplified fragments of the COX2 (cytochrome C oxidase) gene HelF3/R2 specific for white rust were detected. For the first time in Ecuador, sunflower leaves were described presenting as a symptom the appearance of yellowish pustules in the form of blisters on the adaxial surface of the leaf and later as a sign the appearance of white pustules on the abaxial surface of the leaves, which contained the spores that will spread the disease. The average value of the diameter of the pustules of the sunflower samples with white rust was 29.24 μm. Sporangia reached an average value of 14.81 μm. Zoospores showed an average value of 9.9 μm. Oospores reached an average of 17.6 μm. Hyphae were not found and therefore have no measurements. Inoculation of healthy leaves of different varieties showed that there are significant differences between varieties, detailing that the Vincent's Choice variety is the most susceptible to white rust and the Sunrich Orange variety is the most resistant. Of the sunflower samples with white rust analyzed, the COX2 (cytochrome C oxidase) HelF3/R2 gene was detected in the Montalvo parish of the Tungurahua Province.
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    Duración de las etapas fenológicas y caracterización morfológica de tres accesiones de girasol (helianthus annus l.) en el sector Querochaca, cantón Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua.
    (2017) Chicaiza Carchi, Ruth Elizabeth; Curay, Segundo
    El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la duración de las etapas fenológicas y caracterización morfológica de tres accesiones de girasol; donde las accesiones Argentina y Estados Unidos tuvieron una duración de 202 días, donde la etapa inicial fue de 23 días para las dos accesiones, la etapa de desarrollo fue de 47 días para Argentina y de 51 días para Estados Unidos, la etapa intermedia duro 76 días para Argentina y 72 para Estados Unidos y la etapa final fue de 56 días para las dos accesiones, mientras que para la accesión Nacional la etapa inicial fue de 27 días, la de desarrollo duro 113 días, la etapa intermedia fue de 42 días y la etapa final de 66 días, dando un total de 248 días de duración del ciclo fenológico. Para la caracterización morfológica se dividieron los parámetros en caracteres cualitativos y cuantitativos, dentro de los cualitativos los de mayor interés son el valor obtenido para ácidos grasos saturados, donde la accesión Argentina presenta un total de 14,24 %, para la accesión Estados Unidos el valor de ácidos grasos saturados es de 12,99 % y para la accesión Nacional en valor de 15,95 %. Para los ácidos grasos mono insaturados tenemos que para la accesión Argentina existe un 43,88 %, para la accesión Estados Unidos un valor de 42,52 % y para la accesión Nacional un valor de 19,02 %. Y para ácidos grasos poli insaturados son para la accesión Argentina 41,89 %, para la accesión Estados Unidos un 44,49 %, y finalmente para la accesión Nacional un 65,72 %. Los valores de proteína son los siguientes: para Argentina de 16,9 %, para Estados Unidos de 16,7 % y para la accesión Nacional un valor de proteína de 20,2 % siendo este el valor más alto comparado entre las tres accesiones estudiadas.
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    Caracterización morfológica y fenología en variedades de Tropaeolum tuberosum (Mashua) de interés medicinal
    (2017) Valle Parra, Miguel Angel; Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro Pablo
    Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) is a tuber from the Andes that plays an important role in the nutrition and health of the communities of the region. Although of great importance, there is no useful information on the characterization and phenology of the different varieties in the country. Therefore, in the present research the morphological characterization and phenology of six varieties of mashua were carried out. The varieties were collected in the cantons Ambato, Saquisilí and Guamote. Morphological characterization was performed taking into account qualitative and quantitative characteristics and subject to Conglomerate Analysis (AC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). It was observed that in the qualitative variables the characteristics referring to the coloration of flowers and tubers are useful to characterize the varieties, while in the quantitative variables10 presented significant statistical differences of the material evaluated. In the phenological phases it was found that the most precocious variety was the Amarilla, while the later one was the Poza Rondador. The initial culture coefficient (Kc) is 0.51 for the 6 varieties whereas the intermediate Kc varied between 0.96 and 1.1; While the final Kc varied between 0.58 and 0.73; The remaining accessions presented intermediate values respectively. The chemical analysis showed wide variations among the evaluated varieties. This study contributes to the knowledge of the varieties of mashua in Ecuador and shows the wide variability both in the morphological aspects and in the phenology. This information could be used as a basis in decision making when selecting the material used in commercial production.
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    Caracterización morfológica, física y fenologíca de cuatro variedades de amaranto (Amaranthus sp.) para las condiciones meteorológicas del cantón Cevallos
    (2017) Jiménez Sánchez, Enma Victoria; Aldas Jarrín, Juan Carlos
    The research was done at the Querochaca Experimental Teaching Farm, Agricultural Sciences Faculty, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose of establishing the morphological characteristics of four amaranth varieties (Amaranthus cruentus V1 , Amaranthus caudatus V2, Amaranthus hypochondriacus V3 and Amaranthus quitensis V4); To more than, evaluate growth and development and performance. The treatments were four. We used the completely randomized block design with four treatments and three replicates. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significance tests of Tukey at 5% were performed. The economic analysis was performed following the methodology of benefit/cost ratio (CBR). In relation at morphological characteristics, Amaranthus cruentus (V1) presented stems of chromatic color with yellow, leaves of achromatic color with black, inflorescences of chromatic color with yellow and seeds of color chromatic with yellow. The shape of the leaf was oval and of the inflorescence in spike. Dense or compact inflorescences. It also presented lateral branch with short branches along the stem, without lodging. With regard to variety, Amaranthus caudatus V2, I present chromatic color stalk with yellow, achromatic leaves with black. Inflorescences of chromatic color with yellow, seed color chromatic with yellow, the form of the leaf was oval and of the inflorescence in spike. Inflorescences with few branches at the base of the stem, without intercourse. The variety, Amaranthus hypochondriacusV3, featured achromatic stem color with black orange, achromatic orange leaves. Inflorescences of achromatic color with black blue violet, achromatic color seed with black blue violet; the shape of the leaf was oval and the shape of the inflorescence in spike. Inflorescences with few branches at the base of the stem, without intercourse. Finally, the variety, Amaranthus quitensisV4); I present achromatic color stem with black blue violet, achromatic leaves with black blue violet. Inflorescences of achromatic color with black blue violet, achromatic color seed with black blue violet, the shape of the leaf was oval and the shape of the inflorescence in spike. Inflorescences without branching at the base of the stem, without intercourse. With respect to plant growth and development, it was established that Amaranthus cruentus (V1) reported the best results, both in plant growth and development, and in flowering, with a higher leaf length (12,43 cm), as leaf width (5,80 cm). The inflorescences were of longer length (58,01 cm) and better diameter (9,00 cm), consequently the best yields were obtained (5,30 kg/plot). From the economic analysis it is concluded that the Amaranthus cruentus variety (V1), reached the highest cost benefit ratio of 0,39, where the net benefits obtained were 0,39 times what was invested.