Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Incidencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en los caninos (Canis lupus familiaris) en el Caserio de Teligote(2025-02) Santamaria Pazmay Soraya Monserrath; Borja Caicedo Byron EnriqueThe purpose of the study conducted in the Teligote hamlet was to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in the canine population by means of coprological analysis. Since no information was available on the number of dogs in the area, a survey of the inhabitants was conducted, which allowed the animals to be identified and a total of 142 samples for analysis to be established. The collected feces were processed using the Faust technique with zinc sulfate for parasite identification and the McMaster chamber to quantify the parasite load. The results showed that 81% of the samples analyzed presented parasites, among which the following were identified: Cystoisopora spp, Giarda duodenalis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpi and Ancylostoma caninum, with Cystosisopora spp standing out as the most prevalent, with an incidence of 20% compared to the other species. Statistical analysis was performed with the Infostat program, applying the Chi-square test to identify possible significant relationships between the variables evaluated. The results showed that Cystoisopora spp is associated with age and time of deworming, while Strongylides stercoralis is associated with sex and time of deworming. These associations were considered significant when the p value > 0.05 was not exceeded. The average parasite load was 10274 h.p.g (eggs per gram of feces), 417 q.p.g (cysts per gram of feces) and 2248 o.p.g (oocysts per gram of feces). These results indicate a severe parasitic infestation in the canine population of the farmhouse. However, the parasitic load of Giarda duodenalis was moderate. The species with the most significant loads were Dipylidium canimun (22%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (19%), which reinforces the need to implement control and prevention measures in the area.Item Efecto del paico (Chenopodium ambrosoides) en el control de nematodos en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)(2025-02) Freire Silva Marco Antonio; Borja Caicedo Byron EnriqueThe objective of this study was to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of Paico (Dysphania ambrosoides) 500 mg tablets in canines (Canis lupus familiaris). Forty-eight dogs from the Patitas Nobles Foundation, located in Ambato, were used, distributed in four sections with three blocks in each section, and four canines per block. The animals received Paico 500 mg tablets, administered in a single dose of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg. Coprological examinations were performed using the Willis direct single flotation technique to identify parasites and egg counts present in fecal samples using the McMaster chamber. The examinations were performed before treatment and 7 days after tablet administration. Two parasite species were identified: Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis. The results showed that the effectiveness of treatment with Paico tablets increased with the dose administered, reaching a reduction of 39.65 % for T. canis and 49.62 % for T. vulpis with the 20 mg/kg dose. These results suggest that Paico tablets at higher doses may be a promising option for the control of intestinal parasites in canines, although further studies are required to optimize the doses and administration regimen.Item Evaluación pronóstica de la reacción inmunohistoquímica del Ki- 67 en neoplasias mamarias de caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)(2024-08) Rivera Lascano, Daysi Nayeli; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny PiedadThe present study was designed to determine the prognostic value of the Ki-67 proliferation index in canine mammary neoplasms and its relationship with the histological degree of malignancy. The retrospective study was carried out at the Laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato, with 20 tumor samples obtained by incisional and excisional biopsies from female canine patients who attended the Veterinary Center, framed from May 2023 - May 2024. Of the twenty samples, 75% were obtained from entire females and 25% from sterilized females. The neoplasms were classified according to their histopathological degree of malignancy and compared with an immunohistochemical study that included a cell count to determine the Ki-67 proliferation index. All cases evaluated were malignant neoplasms, the histopathological grading showed the following distribution: 55% grade I (11T), 40% grade II (8T), 5% grade III (1T). Regarding the Ki-67 proliferation index, the MIB-1 antibody was used, which has proven to be one of the most used with this antigen due to its high specificity, the result was expressed as a percentage of positive cells: on a scale of 1-9%, 10 patients entered corresponding to 50%, from 10-30% there were 9 patients representing 45% and >30%, 1 patient representing 5%. When relating the Ki- 67 proliferation index with the histological grade of malignancy, a statistically significant response was obtained (P = 0.0078) which indicates that the higher the histopathological grade, the higher the Ki-67 index. These results suggest that, when performing a histopathological study, it should be complemented with an immunohistochemical study of Ki-67 to have a better diagnosis and to know the prognosis of each patient to apply an appropriate treatment.Item Evaluación de tres ciclos en diálisis peritoneal intermitente mediante la medición de nitrógeno ureico sanguíneo (BUN) y creatinina en caninos hiperazotémicos(2024-08) Arcos Pazmiño, María Emilia; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThe study evaluated the efficacy of different intermittent peritoneal dialysis cycles (7, 14, and 21) in hyperazotemic canines by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels. Dialysis was performed on 9 dogs aged between 8 and 14 years, including both females and males. Four of them had chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages I and II, while the rest were in stages III and IV according to the IRIS scale. Results showed a significant reduction in BUN (p=0.0001) with increasing cycles, achieving a urea reduction ratio (URR) of 75% with 21 cycles, exceeding 50% with 14 cycles, and reaching 30% with 7 exchanges. Although the creatinine reduction ratio (CRR) was less consistent and not statistically significant (p=0.0795), it showed a tendency to decrease with more cycles. The study concluded that peritoneal dialysis is effective in reducing BUN in canines with chronic renal failure, especially with a higher number of cycles, although it is not recommended in advanced stages (III-IV) of the disease. However, with multiple exchanges, albumin levels should be carefully monitored. The research revealed that, with an increase in the number of IPD cycles, albumin levels decreased significantly in 77.77% of patients, consistent with other studies reporting severe hypoalbuminemia during treatment.Item Revisión bibliográfica: Demodicosis canina(2024-02) Jordán Bayas, Katherine Paola; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe mite that lives on the skin of mammals is known as demodex, but when the immune system is affected the mite population increases causing demodicosis, this being a common dermatological pathology, it occurs due to the excessive proliferation of the mite, the immune system of dogs play an essential role in the balance of the mite population when the animals are healthy and in the development of this disease when the animal is sick, which leads to oxidative stress. Objective. The present bibliographic review will help to know the current data on generalities of the mite's way of propagation, clinical aspects, pathology, diagnoses, and updated treatments for adequate therapy. Methodology. This bibliographic review was carried out through thorough exploration of different journals, theses, databases such as Scielo, Google Scholar, Mendeley, ResearchGate, Pubmed and books, using the following keywords “demodicosis”, “mite”, “demodex canis”. and “parasite”. Conclusions. Canine demodicosis is a parasitic pathology that affects dogs of any age. Although it is not contagious, it can be transmitted from mother to puppies through breastfeeding. It is very important to take care of pets, keeping them healthy, so that their immune system functions correctly.Item Evaluación del extracto de caléndula (Caléndula officinalis) como terapia alternativa en la enfermedad periodontal en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)(2024-02) Freire Pérez, Erick Santiago; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny PiedadThe objective of the present experimental work was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of marigold extract as a 10% infusion as an alternative therapy in periodontal disease in dogs, due to its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antibacterial actions. Two treatments of calendula extract were applied by means of posology (once a day and twice a day) in comparison with chlorhexidine 0.02% and distilled water in 32 dogs, in which gingival indexes, dental calculus, dental mobility and furcation exposure were identified by means of a periodontogram as a dental control card, thus obtaining results of slight inflammation and presence of fine and visible dental calculus. For statistical differentiation, the Pearson Chi-Square test was applied to correlate the degrees of each index with the treatments at 20 days, which was significant (p<0.05) in gingival index and dental calculus index and not significant (p>0.05) in dental calculus index and furcation exposure. All the dogs were divided into treatment groups, 8 patients for calendula extract once a day (T1), 8 with calendula extract twice a day (T2), 8 with chlorhexidine 0.02% (T3) and 8 with distilled water (T4), dental cleaning was done and then they were treated for 20 continuous days. The therapeutic effect was evidenced by the samples taken before and after treatment by means of CFU count. At the end of the experiment, signs of mild inflammation to normal gingiva and fine to absent dental calculus decreased. In the CFU count, T2 reduced 92.4% of microbiological colonies, which when compared with T1, T3 and T4 there is a significant difference because they act in different ways and present means in treatments where the marigold extract and chlorhexidine are more effective. Based on Tukey's test at 95%, which showed non-significant results between T1, T2 and T3 (p>0.05) and significant in T4 (p<0.05), ANOVA showed significant results (p<0.0001) in CFU reduction. Key words: Calendula, periodontogram, CFU, periodontal disease, chlorhexidine, distilled water.Item Medición seriada de los niveles de lactato como marcador de la respuesta terapéutica y mortalidad en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris) con cuadros de parvovirus(2024-02) Flores Jácome, Alexandra Melissa; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThe following research had as main objective to determine the existing relation between the measurement in series of the lactate levels and a series of variable aspects like; therapeutic answer, mortality, and hemodynamic variables in canines (Canis lupus familiaris) with parvovirus appearance. The serial measurement of the variables was established according the hours (T0, T6, T12, T24, T48, y T72). The research was applied in the Vet Clinic Urban Pet, with the participation of 17 canines diagnosed with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) due to an inmunochromatographic examination. The registers for lactate and hemodynamic variables (heart rate, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, capnography, and pulse pressure) were taken before the treatment setting and hospitalization for the values (T0). The same values were taken again for the next hours. The results were observed in a statistic way through an analysis of chi-square in order to relate the blood lactate levels with the mortality, having as a statistic and meaningful result (p<0,0001). According to the relation as a prognostic from the therapeutic answer through the lactate clearing respect to the time, meaningful relations were stablished for the (T12) and (T24) depending on the analysis about behavior bends of the surviving ones versus the non-surviving ones. Finally, for the hemodynamic variables, a variance analysis was used, the ones that presented significance (p<0,05) respect to lactate blood values were: heart rate (p:0,009), systolic blood pressure (p:0,0478), diastolic blood pressure (p:0,0096), pulse oxytometry (p:0,0215), and pulse pressure (p:0009); on the other hand, the ones that didn’t have a meaningful result (p>0,05), were the variables about capnography (0,0819) and medium blood pressure (p:0,7395). Keywords: lactate, serial levels, parvovirus, times prognosis, surviving, nonsurvivingItem Efecto de la Sangre de drago (Croton lechleri) en el proceso de cicatrización en heridas quirúrgicas de Ovariohisterectomía en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)(2024-02) Chiliquinga Quishpe, Gicela Nayalith; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny PiedadOvariohysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed on domestic animals, where both ovaries and the uterus are removed from females. For this reason, the application of natural local healing agents is needed to contribute to the reduction of the wound caused by the surgery. The objective of this research is to determine the healing effect of dragon's blood on the healing process in Ovariohysterectomy wounds in canines. 9 designated canines were used in two treatments, with a total of 18 canines older than 5 months of age. An incision was made in the midline of the abdomen for each animal to carry out the surgery, the treatments corresponding to each group were applied, T1 based on dragon's blood and T2 (control treatment) based on chlorhexidine, both each. 24 hours for 14 days, the wound was evaluated using a Vancouver scale and histopathological tests, samples were taken on the 3rd day, 8th day and 14th day after applying the treatments. The results obtained through the evaluation of the Vancouver scale showed significant differences on the eighth day, the histopathology tests in the same way through a statistical analysis presented highly significant differences (p<0.05) between treatments, just as through the observation of the plaques there was a high presence of collagen on the eighth day in T1. According to the results obtained, dragon's blood has a greater healing effect than the control treatment in relation to time. Keywords: Ovariohysterectomy, canines, natural healing agents, dragon's blood, chlorhexidine, histopathological tests.Item Eficacia de la polihexanida al 0,1% para el desbridamiento enzimático y eliminación de esfacelo en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris) con heridas por mordeduras(2024-02) Carvajal Freire, Diana Nohelia; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThe following work aimed to verify the effectiveness of polyhexanide for enzymatic debridement and removal of slough in canines with bite wounds. This research was carried out in the veterinary clinics (Candyvet and Dogtera) located in the province of Tungurahua in Ambato, where 22 patients with wounds due to a bite attended. The admitted patients were first subjected to a clinical examination where the size and depth of the wound were determined through exploration, followed by pre-washing to take a sample using a sterile swab for the counting of forming units. of colonies before the application of the treatment, after which an anesthetic protocol was applied to enter the operating room and, through ablation, make an opening that allows us to expose the lesion and evaluate its damage. Half of the patients who were admitted were then grouped to apply treatment with 0.1% polyhexanide in a sterile gauze, while the other half proceeded to apply 2% chlorhexidine directly to the affected area as a control treatment, leaving it act, after that the MAHVET wound instillation and coping technique was used, where a dressing was placed and the product was instilled according to its residual effect, after 3 days the dressing was changed and the sample was taken for shipment to the laboratory. Finally, the results were received from the laboratory to compare the pre-treatment and post-treatment CFU. Obtaining as a result a variety of colonies among which we can find: Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabillis, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus spp. Escherichia coli, coagulase negative Staphylococcus and beta hemolytic Streptococcus A. In addition, a significant difference was found in the percentage reduction of CFU between the group treated with 0.1% polyhexanide and 2% chlorhexidine, indicating a reduction of 97.44 % and 59.41% respectively. Thus, demonstrating the effectiveness of polyhexanide against chlorhexidine. Keywords: debridement, slough, polyhexanide, bacteria