Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Determinación de niveles de anticuerpos antirrábicos post-vacunales en caninos de diferentes edades(2025-02) Arcos Cuamacas Micaela Elizabeth; Villavicencio Villavicencio Blanca JeanethCanine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that mainly affects carnivores. For a better understanding of the immune response and the effectiveness of vaccination against this disease, a detailed investigation was conducted at Dr. Pets Veterinary Clinic over a period of two months. The study focused on evaluating post-vaccinal antibody levels in puppies from 2 to 3 months of age, which were selected under specific criteria: good health status confirmed by clinical examination, normal physiological constants, and absence of previous vaccinations. The methodology employed included immunofluorescence tests to measure the immune response generated after vaccination. The findings of the investigation were significant and revealing. A remarkable increase in IgG antibody titers was observed, from a mean of 1:10 in the antevaccination measurement to 1:120 in the post-vaccination measurement, evidencing an effective immune response. In contrast, IgM antibodies showed a different behavior, with a slight reduction from 1:38.5 to 1:32. This decrease is consistent with the normal dynamics of the immune response, where IgM, although the first antibodies to appear, are characterized by a short half-life.Item Identificación de parásitos entéricos zoonóticos en perros que frecuentan el 'Cani Park' de la ciudad de Ambato(2024-02) Oviedo Villalba, Erika Camila; Borja Caicedo, Byron EnriqueThe study conducted at Ambato's 'Cani Park' aimed to identify zoonotic enteric parasites in dogs through coproparasitological analysis. The methodology employed included the use of the Faust technique with Zinc Sulfate and the McMaster chamber for the detection of parasites such as Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, and Trichuris vulpis, along with their respective parasitic loads. The collection of fecal samples was carried out meticulously, distinguishing between feces dispersed in the environment and those belonging to owned dogs. Statistical methods played a pivotal role in this research, involving quantitative analyses that included the application of the Student's t-test and the chi-square test. These analyses were conducted using statistical tools such as Microsoft Excel and Infostat. Regarding the results obtained, it was found that 51.20% of the collected samples tested positive for the presence of parasites. The average egg count per gram of feces (h.p.g.) was 430, indicating a moderate parasitic infestation in the canine population of the park. Significantly elevated parasitic loads of Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis were prominent, highlighting a substantial zoonotic risk, especially in scattered feces. No significant differences in parasitic loads were observed based on the dogs' sex or breed; however, a higher load was recorded in puppies compared to adult dogs. Additionally, a concerning lack of awareness about zoonosis and hygiene practices was identified among 'Cani Park' users, with 87% of the surveyed individuals lacking knowledge in these fundamental aspects. Despite the negligence in pet deworming, there was a general willingness to participate in educational programs that could contribute to addressing these deficiencies. Keywords: Faust technique, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, Trichuris vulpis.Item Efecto de la terapia neural de procaína y ácido hipocloroso en la cicatrización de heridas por Oforosalpingohisterectomia en Canis lupus familiaris(2024-02) Altamirano Mena, Doménica Yajaira; Lozada Salcedo, Euclides EfraínThe objective of this research project was to demonstrate the healing effect of the neural therapy of 1% procaine and 0.025% hypochlorous acid as an alternative therapeutic treatment for more effective wound closure in less time. The study was carried out at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Technical University of Ambato with the participation of 30 female dogs subjected to Oforosalpingohysterectomy, who had their electrical conductance measured before and after the treatments were applied to test whether there is a change in conductivity. The 30 female dogs were divided into 3 groups, each with 10 patients. Each treatment was applied intradermally around the wound with 1cm by infiltration, where (T1) or control group was administered distilled water, (T2) was infiltrated 1% Procaine and (T3) was used 0.025% hypochlorous acid. The result of each treatment was evaluated with a conventional multimeter model DT-830B for the measurement of electrical conductance and for macroscopic analysis it was performed with the Vancouver scale. Differences were obtained in the 3 treatments, with a favorable effect when administering hypochlorous acid with statistically significant values in the increase of electrical conductance, and 60% of patients recovered on day 6. Concluding with the effectiveness of hypochlorous acid for wound healing and the increase of electrical conductance, generating favorable results in this research. Key words: Ophorosalpingohysterectomy, distilled water, procaine, hypochlorous acid, electrical conductance, healing effect.Item Efecto del ácido hipocloroso como alterativa terapéutica en el control de la población de Malassezia pachydermatis en caninos con procesos dermatológicos(2023-03) Maldonado Reinoso, Krupskaya María; Lozada Salcedo, Efraín EuclidesThe objective of this investigation was to determine the effect of hypochlorous acid as a therapeutic alternative in the control of the population of Malassezia pachydermatis in canines with dermatological processes. The study was carried out in the clinics and veterinary centers of the Cevallos canton with the participation of 36 canines with dermatological lesions and signs suggestive of Malassezia. These underwent a superficial cytology examination with Diff-Quick staining in which their overgrowth was confirmed, presenting more than two yeasts on average of ten random visualization fields with an immersion lens of 100 magnification, with a general average of 13 yeasts per field. The 36 canines were divided into two treatments, each with 18 canines. The control group (T0) underwent two daily cleanings with 2% chlorhexidine, while the research group (T1) underwent two daily cleanings with 0.5% hypochlorous acid, lasting 20 days for both groups. The effect of each treatment was evaluated by culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar, with the count of colony-forming units before and after treatment. Obtaining significant differences in both the control group (T0) and the research group (T1), with a reduction of 74.11% and 50.47% respectively. At the end of the treatment, negative cases were observed in both groups, with a count of less than 70 colony-forming units. No statistically significant differences were observed between the treatments, which shows that hypochlorous acid has the same effect as chlorhexidine. Its effectiveness in the control and reduction of yeasts was concluded, and it can be used in dermatological processes with secondary presentation of Malassezia pachyderamatis.Item Prevalencia de Ancylostoma caninum en caninos domésticos en la comunidad de Sacha Runa, provincia de Pastaza(2022-09) Jaramillo Arias, Ambar Solange; Quinteros Freire, Christian AndrésAncylostoma caninum is a hematophagous and histophagous nematode known for its pathogenicity, its characteristic sign is the presence of anemia in infected patients, this worm spreads rapidly in suitable conditions of temperature, soil and humidity, moreover it has a zoonotic character and unfortunately in the communities information on this subject is limited. Due to this, the study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of A. caninum in the community of Sacha Runa in the province of Pastaza. Fecal samples were taken from 83 canines belonging to the community and divided into age and sex categories. Although no significant differences were found mathematically obtained by Chi square between the different categories of the variables studied, by means of the Mcmaster technique it was possible to obtain important degrees of parasitosis, where according to age the puppies have an average of 1166 eggs per gram in feces which in the scale means a high or severe parasitosis, followed by the adults with 510 eggs per gram and finally the young adults with 468 eggs per gram. In the sex category, although males were infected in greater numbers, females exceeded males in the number of eggs per gram in feces, obtaining a value of 531 h.p.g. as opposed to males with 440 eggs per gram. This highlights the importance of this kind of studies, since in this way it will be possible to take preventive measures so that this parasitosis does not cause serious damage to canines and humans.Item Perfiles fenotípicos de resistencia a antibióticos en aislados de Escherichia coli de origen canino de la ciudad de Ambato(2021-03) Robalino Proaño, David Guillermo; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoCurrently, antibiotic resistance crisis is a global concern, both in human and veterinary medicine. The uncontrolled evolution of the resistance mechanisms in bacteria has had a negative influence on effective therapeutic options. This research has focused on the enterobacterium Escherichia coli, focused on the detection of the extended espectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC type beta-lactamases, which represent variants with resistance mechanisms of great clinical impact in Gram negative bacteria. In Ecuador, few epidemiological data are available on E. coli producing ESBL and AmpC in animals. In the present study, the phenotypic profiles of resistance to antibiotics were evaluated in a collection of isolates of E. coli of canine origin from the city of Ambato, using the Kirby & Bauer disk diffusion method, detecting that 72.2% (57/79) of isolates have an ESBL phenotype and 81% (64/79) of isolates with manifestation of the AmpC phenotype. The percentages of resistance for the evaluated antibiotics was: Ampicillin 100% (79/79), Vancomycin 100% (79/79), Cefotaxime 98.7% (78/79), Erythromycin 98.7% (78/79), Ceftriaxone 97.5% (77 / 79); and phenotypic sensitivity patterns for antimicrobials such as: Meropenem 98.7% (78/79), Imipenem 96.2% (76/79) Piperacillin / Tazobactam 84.8% (67/79), Cefoxitin 83.5% (66/79), and Amikacin 82.3% (65/79). The patterns of bacterial resistance detected and the differences between the origin of the isolates will allow to use this background information for retrospective studies of antimicrobial resistance.Item Valor pronóstico de proteína C reactiva (PCR) en pacientes caninos con diagnóstico de parvovirosis en la ciudad de Ambato(2021-03) Córdova Jácome, Christian Alexander; Villamarín Barragán, Darwin RafaelParvovirosis is a worldwide viral disease that affects dogs of all breeds and ages, however, it is shown that the conditions are more severe in puppy patients. In the present research, C-reactive PCR protein values were determined as a prognostic value in patients diagnosed with parvovirosis by the Bionote immunochromatography test, in three veterinary clinics with a higher affluence in the city of Ambato. We used 40 canine specimens divided into 4 groups to which a blood sample was extracted from the jugular vein. Using the V chek team, blood samples from the patients were analyzed, determining a high correlation between the CRP value and the days of hospitalization in the group comprising puppies from 1 to 3 months, that is to say, the higher the CRP value, the more days of hospitalization; the second group comprised puppies from 3 to 6 months of age, the hospitalization time was constant from 4 to 5 days, and we had a moderate correlation with the CRP value. In patients 6 months and older, the hospitalization time was constant from 1 to 2 days, regardless of the degree of CRP, having a very low correlation. The correlation between weight and PCR value in all groups was low. The last group represents the control group. In addition, clinical signs of SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, capillary filling time, blood pressure) were taken determining that in this disease at least 3 physiological constants are altered in all groups indicating that there is a degree of systemic inflammation.Item Determinación de la presencia de genes de resistencia a betalactámicos y evaluación de diversidad clonal en aislados de Escherichia coli de origen canino de la ciudad de Ambato(2020-03-19) Garcés Arias, Xiomara Sthefanny; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoThe evolution and spread of multiresistant bacteria is considered prioritary, considering their impact in public health and animal safety worldwide. Therefore, the detection of reservoirs, routes of dissemination and evolution of these bacteria is aimed in order to limit their negative effects on public and animal health. Extended-spectrum-betalactamase Escherichia coli producer is considered an emerging health problem. In Ecuador, there are few available data on the molecular epidemiology of those of ESBL- E. coli producing bacteria in animals and environment. In the present study, the presence of beta-lactam resistance genes was evaluated as well as the clonal diversity of E. coli isolates of canine origin from the city of Ambato. The highest presence of beta-lactam resistance genes occurred in dogs with owners, in contrast to stray dogs. The most frequently detected genes were blaCTX-M and blaTEM. The blaSHV and blaCMY genes had a lower detection rate, however, these were found in combination with the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes, indicating that they are isolates with considerable virulence. The analysis of clonal relatedness through the amplification of palindromic repetitive regions (GTG5) detected that the isolates comes from different lineages, discarding the hypothesis that suggest the presence of multi-resistant clones with a common ancestor, suggesting that their genotypes were acquired through recent horizontal genetic transmission. Dogs can act as a silent reservoir of microorganisms with antibiotic multiresistance genotypes. It is necessary an extended review of waste management procedures is necessary, as well as interactions with humans and animals under certain circumstances like immunological disorders.