Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Parámetros de bienestar animal en ganadería bovina de leche en Iberoamérica(2025-02) Zurita Nuñez Elizabeth Janeth; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco AntonioAnimal welfare parameters in dairy cattle farming in Latin America: Systematic reviewAnimal Welfare (AW) is currently considered one of the most relevant criteria of social interest in livestock farms, although it has various legal considerations worldwide, evidencing a large gap between powerful and developing countries, its application has been growing relatively, mostly supported by the guideline of the European WELFARE QUALITY® project. The objective of the study is to generate a synthesis of the animal welfare parameters in dairy cattle farming in Latin America. The methodology is qualitative, documentary design, based on a systematic review. The search criteria used were: publication date less than 5 years for complete evaluations of the 4 principles of animal welfare or the implementation of improvements in any of these, results (verifiable and verifiable, positive and negative) and geographic location (belonging to Latin America). The results show that research carried out at the Ibero-American level reflects an evident improvement in animals after making a positive change in any of the principles managed by WELFARE QUALITY®. It is concluded that, although an increase can be observed in the application of better BA conditions generally managed by high production farms, in Ecuador, there is still a need to include this concept in the rural context since at this social level there is a poor compliance with the basic freedoms of cattle.Item Factores de riesgo durante el ordeño asociado a mastitis subclínica bovina por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente (MRSA)(2025-02) Toscano Ponce Jonathan Daniel; Burgos Mayorga Ana RafaelaMastitis is a relevant disease in the livestock sectorItem Análisis retrospectivo de hembras bovinas sometidas a reproducción asistida por el MAGAP en la parroquia El Triunfo del cantón Pastaza entre los años 2020 y 2023(2025-02) Taipe Guanoluisa Byron Javier; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco AntonioThe main objective of this research was to retrospectively analyze the results of bovine females subjected to assisted reproduction by the MAGAP in the El Triunfo parish of the Pastaza canton between the years 2020 and 2023. The methods of artificial insemination at a fixed time (IATF) and by natural heat were evaluated in cattle of different breeds, ages and previous births. Through a statistical and descriptive analysis design, the relationship of factors such as breed, age and previous births was determined. The results obtained a total of 193 cows to which artificial insemination was applied. 25 cows were subjected to insemination with natural heat, representing 13%, and 168 cows were applied IATF, representing 87%. In the Holstein breed, 65 cows were recorded with a percentage of 33.25% for natural heat and 81.88% of IATF, with the Brown Swiss breed the data obtained that in 44 animals 29.25% is natural heat and the IATF 47.5%, for the Jersey breed it is reported of 9 cows with 0% in natural heat and 33.5 in IATF, in the Charolais breed with 32 cows it gave 0% for natural heat and 56.5% for IATF, the Norman breed records 21 cows having 8.25% of natural heat and 40% of IATF, and finally the Mestiza breed with 22 cows had 25% for natural heat and IATF of 53.25%, which demonstrated the effectiveness of IATF in all breeds. Statistically, the Chi square test shows that there is no significant relationship between the variables studied: race, age and previous births.Item Determinación del perfil de resistencia antibiótica e identificación de los principales agentes patógenos causantes de mastitis clínica y subclínica en vacas lecheras(2025-02) Masaquiza Moyulema Rosa Angelica; Ulloa Ulloa Lourdes Anita; Ulloa Ulloa Lourdes AnitaMastitis is a problem that affects dairy cattle, so this disease is an inflammation of the mammary gland that can be caused by several factors. The objective of this research is to determine the antibiotic resistance profile and identify the main pathogens causing clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Twenty-six milk samples from the Unión de Organizaciones Indígenas de Pasa (UOCAIP) were analyzed in three selective culture media such as Columbia Agar Base, salted Mannitol Agar and MacConkey Agar and by means of different biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase and TSI the presence of Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 64.15%, coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 24.53%, Streptococcus spp. 9.43% and Escherichia coli. 1.89%. In the antibiotic resistance profile, Staphylococcus aureus showed a resistance to oxacillin and azithromycin of 88.89% and to penicillin of 83.33%; however, it was sensitive to sulfa trimethoprim of 100%, to ciprofloxacin of 94.44% and tetracycline of 88.89%. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus presented a resistance to oxacillin of 100% and to penicillin of 62.5%, while it was sensitive to sulfa trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin and azithromycin of 100%. Streptococcus spp. showed 100% resistance to ciprofloxacin, intermediate sensitivity to tetracycline and azithromycin of 20% and sensitivity to sulfa trimethoprim and penicillin of 100%, to tetracycline 60% and to azithromycin 80%. Finally, E. coli showed a resistance to penicillin and azithromycin of 3.85%, intermediate sensitivity to azithromycin and ciprofloxacin of 3.85%, and sensitivity to sulfathrimethoprim and tetracycline of 3.85%.Item Prevalencia de mastitis clínica y subclínica e identificación de factores de riesgo ambientales en vacas lecheras(2025-02) Chacha Caguana Gissela Elizabeth; Rosero Peñaherrera Marco AntonioBovine mastitis is one of the main diseases affecting dairy production, causing significant economic losses. This study was conducted in the community of Tilivi, belonging to the Union of Peasant and Indigenous Organizations of Pasa (UIOCAIP), with the aim of determining the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, as well as identifying the associated environmental risk factors. 30 cows were evaluated using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), identifying a prevalence of 86%, with a predominance of subclinical mastitis. Through the analysis of risk factors, it was found that 69% of milking management practices do not meet adequate standards, including the lack of udder disinfection, absence of post-milking sealing, and the inadequate use of cleaning materials. Likewise, it was identified that the frequency of single daily milking increases the risk of infection in animals. The results highlight the importance of implementing preventive measures, such as improving milking hygiene, using gloves, sealing teats and training farmers in good practices. The application of these strategies will contribute to reducing mastitis and improve the quality and quantity of milk produced in the region.Item Evaluación de la acción del ácido hipocloroso como alternativa terapéutica en enteritis bacteriana neonatal bovina(2023-03) Villacrés Barona, Elver Alexander; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco AntonioThe present investigation had the objective of evaluating the action of hypochlorous acid (HClO) as a treatment of bovine neonatal bacterial enteritis. The study was carried out in 16 crossbred male calves aged between 1 and 2 weeks, which were located in a place of high epidemiological risk and contracted bacterial enteritis. 4 treatment groups were formed with 4 calves respectively. In three groups, 3 doses of HClO were used; T1: 0.5 ml/kg, T2: 1 ml/kg, T3: 1.5 ml/kg which were administered orally twice a day, the other group was T0: ceftiofur at a dose of 2.2 ml /kg every 12 hours; the time of the application of the treatments was 5 days. The variables analyzed. Degree of affectation of enteritis classified from 0 to 5 where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Degree of diarrhea classified from 0 to 4 where T0, T2 and T3 were different from T1. Stool frequency that recorded the number of stools of the animal per day where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Vital signs; temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate are taken and there were no statistical differences in the treatments except for heart rate where T1 was different from T3. Bacterial load was assessed on the CFU of E. coli where there were no statistical differences in the treatments. Leukogram, the values of the analyte’s leucites, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were recorded in which there were no statistical differences in the treatments. By demonstrating that HClO has the same effect as antibiotic therapy, it was concluded that HClO can be used as a treatment for neonatal bacterial enteritis.Item Determinación de la tasa de prevalencia de (Brucella spp.) en bovinos de raza lechera del sector San Fernando del cantón Santiago de Píllaro(2016) Jáuregui Medina, José Elías; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe research aimed to determine the prevalence rate of Brucella spp. in dairy breed cattle industry in the canton San Fernando Santiago de Píllaro. 105 blood samples of a total population of 286 cows of dairy breeds of working age was gathered, from 94 farms in the sector, were analyzed by serological diagnosis of rose bengal and competitive ELISA, thus confirming the existence of two positive samples Brucella spp. represented a cup of prevalence of 1.9%. Therefore Prevalence of Brucella spp. in the area of San Fernando, in the canton Santiago de Píllaro it is low. Through surveys conducted in 94 dairy farms in the sector, the management methods of dairy cattle industry showing that the playback system chosen from herds is artificial insemination with 96.8% was determined, Another important aspect given in surveys are biosecurity practices a 64.9% of respondents said not knowing brucellosis, generating lack of control and prevention; 80.9% of farms not done vaccination for Brucella spp .; 91.5% of households purchase replacement cattle fairs without clear knowledge of the origin of the animals and their optimal health; 64.9% does not isolate bovine replacement before entering them into the herd to prevent the emergence of new outbreaks of disease in the herd; the frequency of veterinary controls at 70.2% is performed only in emergencies, without establishing a common health medical control; these issues if not handled correctly can mean an imminent risk to the occurrence of Brucella spp. KEYWORDS: Brucellosis, incidence, farms, surveys, serology, Rose Bengal, competitive ELISA.