Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de antibiorresistencia en bacterias grampositivas aisladas en carne de pollo que se expende en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(2024-02) Velastegui Viteri, Cristian David; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaThe present investigation was carried out with the main purpose of evaluating the antibacterial resistance in Gram positive bacteria (Vagococcus lutrae, Mammaliicoccus sciuri and Kurthia gibsonii) isolated in chicken meat sold in Ambato Canton, province of Tungurahua, because bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a specific aspect of the natural evolution of bacteria, The study was carried out with strains of (Vagococcus lutrae, Mammaliicococcus sciuri and Kurthia gibsonii) that were isolated and molecularly identified from chicken meat sold in the canton of Ambato from previous investigations, which are kept in the Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. It was found that there is the presence of antibioresistance in gram-positive bacteria, specifically in strains of Vagococcus lutrae, Mammaliicoccus sciuri and Kurthia gibsonii, isolated from samples of chicken meat marketed in the Ambato Canton, province of Tungurahua. Likewise, the results obtained by the agar diffusion method revealed significant patterns of antibiotic resistance in the Gram-positive bacteria studied. Resistance profiles against various antibiotics used in both Veterinary and Human Medicine were identified, highlighting the importance of addressing resistance in an interdisciplinary context and the analysis of virulence factors in strains of Vagococcus lutrae, Mammaliicococcus sciuri and Kurthia gibsonii provided valuable information on the possible risks associated with these bacteria in chicken meat. Keywords: EVALUATION, ANTIBIORRESISTANCE, BACTERIA, GRAM POSITIVE, CHICKEN MEAT, AMBATO, TUNGURAHUA.Item Evaluación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Shigella spp aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(2024-02) Soto Villacis, Joselyn Anabel; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaShigella spp exhibits remarkably high and highly developed antibiotic resistance mechanisms, which constitutes a global challenge for public health. One of the main routes of transmission of this resistance is observed in foods of animal origin, highlighting that the lack of hygiene and sanitary control in slaughter centers contributes to its spread. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antibioresistance of Shigella spp strains isolated from chicken meat in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua Province. We worked with 17 strains of Shigella spp subjected to two phases of research. In the first phase, the Kirby Bauer phenotypic method (diskplate) was used to determine the resistance, intermediate or susceptibility of the strains to a group of drugs that includes Azithromycin (AZM), Gentamicin (CN), Ceftriaxone (CRO), Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (AMC) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP). The results were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, complemented by the Mann Whitney U test. A resistance of 82.4% was obtained for CIP, 64.7% for AMC, 29.4% for CRO, 23.5% for CN and 5.9% for AZM. In the second phase, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the strains that showed sensitivity in phase 1 to the aforementioned antibiotics was determined. The results were analyzed descriptively using curves, establishing the MICs for AZM 160 μg/ml, CN 10 μg/ml, AMC 160 μg/ml, CRO 1.25 μg/ml and CIP 20 μg/ml, following the CLSI cut-off points in 2016. It was considered essential to investigate the resistance mechanisms exhibited by Shigella spp. First, we focused on fluoroquinolones, as this group showed significant resistance due to the presence of chromosomal mutations. In addition, resistance related to the production of ESBL was observed for beta-lactams, as well as the alteration of the target site present in aminoglycosides, the existence of genes such as mphA or ermB in macrolides. Keywords: Shigella spp, antibioresistance, MIC, mechanisms, antibioticsItem Evaluación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Proteus spp aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Coka Escobar, Carolina Alejandra; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaProteus spp is one of the most sensitive genera within the enterobacteria, it maintains sensitivity to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, however, due to the frequent and imprudent use of these antibiotics, an increase in the cut-off points for minimum inhibitory concentration has been observed which are statistically significant, this is due to the different mechanisms of resistance that the bacteria present and which represent a relevant problem in public health. In this research work, the antibioresistance of 18 strains of Proteus spp. was evaluated using the Kirby Bauer method for the following group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, the results obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining results of antibiotic percentage of: Ciprofloxacin: 27.7%, Ceftriaxone:16.6%, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid: 22.2% , Gentamicin and Amikacin: 0%. For the second phase, the cut-off points established by CLSI (The Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute, 2023) to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration, however, the inhibition curves increased with the following results: Amikacin (AK): 18-20 μg/ml Gentamicin (CN): 18-22 μg/ml Ciprofloxacin (CIP): 19-21 μg/ml Ceftriaxone (CRO):18-22 μg/ml Amoxicillin + Àc. Clavulanic acid (AMC): 28-33 μg/ml. Therefore, it was considered essential to study the mechanisms of resistance presented by Proteus spp, firstly towards fluoroquinolones, which was one of the groups with the highest resistance due to the presence of chromosomal mutations, the production of BLEE for beta-lactams and alteration of the target site or mutations of hydroxyl groups and aminos present in aminoglycosides.Item Determinación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Castro Velasco, Katerin Anahí; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaEscherichia coli presents significantly high and well-developed resistance mechanisms towards antibiotics, representing a worldwide problem for public health, one of its transmission routes is in food of animal origin, noting that the dissemination is facilitated by poor hygiene and Sanitary control in slaughterhouses. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the antibioresistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated in chicken meat in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua Province. We worked with a total of 31 E.coli strains subjected to two research phases, the first to establish the Resistance, Intermediate or Sensitivity of the strains to the group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin through of the Kirby Bauer phenotypic method (Disc-plaque), the results were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining a CIP Resistance: 45%, CRO: 25.8%, AMC: 9.8%. , CN and AK: 0%, following CLSI 2023 cut-off points. In the second phase, the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of the resulting strains sensitive to the group of antibiotics in phase 1 was determined, the results were analyzed descriptively through of curves establishing the MIC of AK: 18-20 μg/ml CN: 18-22 μg/ml CIP: 19-21 μg/ml CRO:18- 22 μg/ml AMC: 28-33 μg/ml, following points of CLSI 2023 cutoff. The main resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli to beta-lactams are beta-lactamases, to aminoglycosides mutations in amino and hydroxyl groups and alteration of target sites and in fluoroquinolones chromosomal mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase occur, all of these methods developed by E.coli block the action of drugs. In conclusion, it was determined that E. coli shows a marked resistance to antibiotics thanks to resistance methods that the bacteria presents through enzymes and mutations.