Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Evaluación de tres métodos de aplicación de agroquímicos en el cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana)
(2024-02) Torres Supe, Jonathan Rolando; Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
In Ecuador, the avocado crop is of great economic importance at the national level, for which the present study had the purpose of evaluating three methods of agrochemical application in the avocado crop to reduce production costs and to find another more effective method than conventional spraying commonly used by avocado producers in Ecuador, This study was carried out in the parish of Picaihua exactly in the Sigsipamba hamlet of the Ambato canton, province of Tungurahua, for which conventional spraying, endotherapy and thermonebulization were used as application methods for the agrochemical engordone. A randomized block experimental design was used with three treatments + a control in three replicates. The data collected were analyzed using ADEVA and the Tukey test at 5%, where the following results were observed. The most outstanding was treatment 2, which used endotherapy as a method of application, and treatment 2 was the least costly in this project, without leaving behind treatment 3 (thermonebulization), which also had a positive range according to the statistical tests. Key words: Conventional spraying, endotherapy, thermonebulization, fattening
Evaluación de tres prácticas culturales para la inducción de floración en el cultivo de aguacate (Persea americana) en el Cantón Patate
(2024-02) Pérez Niquinga, Mercy Lizbeth; Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
The avocado (Persea americana) is a fruit native to the Americas that is currently cultivated in more than 100 countries. Ecuador has become one of the world's leading exporters of this fruit. The province of Tungurahua is one of the areas with the highest avocado production in the country. Induction of flowering is a complex process that increases yields and quality of this fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cultural practices on the flower induction of Hass avocado in Patate, Ecuador. Three treatments were evaluated: banding, pruning and strangling of branches on 4-year-old avocado trees. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with three replications and one control per treatment. In addition, analysis of variance (ADEVA) and Tukey's test at 5% of treatments that gave a significant response in the case of statistical analysis detected significant differential effects of floral induction treatments. Banding T1 was the most efficient cultural practice, significantly reducing the period between application and flowering (49,3 days on average). It also significantly increased the formation of juvenile shoots (30,7) and the number of fruit set (5,1) in relation to the control and the rest of the treatments evaluated. Pruning and strangling also showed a positive trend by shortening the days to flowering and increasing the number of bunches compared to the absolute control. Banding proved to be the most effective method under the conditions of this study. These results are relevant to develop management strategies to increase yields and plan production seasons in this valuable fruit crop. Key words: banding, pruning, flowers, fruit set.
Biología de Oligonychus peruvianus McGregor (Acari Tetranychidae) en dos cultivares aguacate (Persea americana Mill)
(2024-02) Ojeda Barrera, Alex José; Leiva Mora, Michel
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an important fruit tree that is commercially grown in several tropical and subtropical regions. This species is attacked by different species of mites, including Oligonychus peruvianus; however, there are few studies on this topic. According to this, this research aimed to evaluate the bioecological aspects of Oligonychus peruvianus McGregor (Acari Tetranychidae) in avocado (Persea americana Mill). The biology of the mite was studied on two avocado cultivars (Verde and Hass), under laboratory conditions using rearing units. The biological cycle (eggadult) was longer when the females were reared on leaves of cultivar Verde (19.5 days), while in cultivar Hass, this time was reduced by 17.4 % (16.1 days). Females showed greater longevity when they were reared on Hass leaves (20.8 days), while in the Verde, the lifespan was reduced to 12.8 days. Furthermore, fecundity was significantly higher in females reared on Hass leaves (23.8 eggs/female) and decreased to 12.6 eggs/female in females reared on avocado cv. Verde. According to the results, the cultivar Hass seems to offer the best conditions for the development of the mite, therefore, this information should be taken into account when establishing and designing pest management plans. Keywords: avocado, biology, fecundity, longevity, oviposition rate.
Evaluación de tres extractos vegetales para el control de ácaros (Tetranychus urticae Koch) en hojas de fresa (Fragaria x annassa)
(2021-01) Toapanta Ichina, Janeth Elizabeth; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
The research was carried out to evaluate three vegetable extracts of chili pepper, black cabuya and avocado, for the control of the Tetranychus urticae Koch mite on strawberry leaves (Fragaria x annassa) which was carried out in the Soil Laboratories of Public Service and Entomology belonging to the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province. For the evaluation, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with three repetitions in concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.6% was applied, the Tukey significance tests were carried out at 5%, where obtained the following results: for the variable mortality rate, the extract with the highest efficiency was the pepper extract with the application dose of 1.6%, producing a 54% mortality rate. These data were taken 4 days after application. The data taken after 14 days of the application led to determine the fertility and longevity of the female T. urticae Koch. For the determination of fertility, the 1.6% cabuya extract was better, reducing the oviposition rate by up to 94.47%.

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