Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Aplicación de aceite vegetal en el control de los gusanos de la mazorca en cultivo de maíz (Zea mays)(2023-03) Sánchez Guasti, Juan Carlos; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoCorn (Zea mays) is a crop of fundamental importance in the country for the feeding of its population thanks to its high content of nutritional properties and its great adaptability to the different regions of Ecuador, so in order to maintain its productivity, several researches must be carried out to discover new strategies that allow us to improve its quality and yield. In the last 20 years this crop has maintained its production. However, at present the corn crop has been greatly affected by earworms Helicoverpa zea and Euxesta eluta on a large scale, causing significant production and economic losses to farmers. Therefore, in the present research, a natural method of application with vegetable oil will be used to control these worms. For this purpose, two forms of application were used, one with a dropper and the other using cotton swabs. Three times of application of vegetable oil were also used, at the beginning, 8 and 16 days after female flowering, and in the control, chemical control was carried out using an insecticide (Bacan), different variables were analyzed (total number of ears, total weight of ears, number of healthy ears, weight of healthy ears, number of damaged ears, weight of damaged ears, percentage of ear damage and yield). No significant differences between treatments were observed in the number and total weight of ears. Regarding the number of healthy ears, a significant effect was observed in the sources of variation treatments, times and the interaction forms*times, giving better results with treatment F1A3 (application of vegetable oil with a dropper at the beginning, 8 and 16 days after female flowering). For the weight of healthy ears, there were significant differences in the application times, with the application at the beginning, 8 and 16 days after female flowering (A3) being the most appropriate. Significant differences in the number of damaged ears were observed with treatment F1A3. As for the weight of damaged ears, there were significant differences in the application times (A3). In the percentage of ear damage, 15% damage was observed with treatment F1A3, which reported the lowest percentage of damage of all treatments, including the control. In terms of yield, there were no significant differences between treatments, but there were numerical differences, resulting in 5433 kg/ha with treatment F1A3.Item Comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y función ruminal en toros de engorde alimentados con dietas a base de cascarilla de cacao y aceite vegetal(2022-09) Guishca Cunuhay, Carlos Alberto; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe productive performance, characteristics of the carcass in ruminal function were evaluated in steers fed with diets based on cocoa bean shell and vegetable oil. Records of 30 castrated steers weighing 206 ± 23 kg were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n=10) from the Ruminant Feedlot. The evaluated diets consisted of: T1 [Basal diet: covering the nutritional requirements for late-finishing steers according to the AFRC (1996) + 15% cocoa bean shell (Theobromina cacao) + 6% vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake (Passiflora edulis) (Control)], T2 [Basal diet + 6% vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake (Passiflora edulis)] and T3 [Basal diet + 15% cocoa bean shell (Theobromine cocoa)]. Ruminal degradation and in vitro digestibility of DM was evaluated with DaisyII incubator and F57 bags, pore size 25 µn, which contained 0.5 g of sample per treatment (n=5) and were incubated for 0, 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The volume of gas production in vitro was estimated in amber bottles with 100 ml of nominal capacity, and 0.5 g of sample was used per treatment (n=10). The data obtained were evaluated under a Completely Random Design (CRD). The in vitro rumen degradation kinetics of DM was higher for the soluble fraction (A) in T1 and lower in T3 (p=<0.0001). The rate of potential degradation (A+B) and effective degradation [(c: 0.02; 0.05 and 0.08)] were higher in T1. IVDMD at hour 48 was higher at T1, T3 and lower at T2 (p=0.0004). Total gas production (B) was higher at T2 (p=<0.0001). The productive performance showed higher ADG in T1 and T3 (p=0.0019). The TDMI and IDMI were higher at T1, T3 and lower at T2 (p=0.0142). FC (kg/kg) and FE (kg/kg) were lower and higher at T2 respectively (p=<0.05). Carcass characteristics reflected a higher HCY (%) for T3 (p=0.0032). LdMA (cm2 ) was higher at T1 and T3 (p=<0.0001). However, the RFT was less in T1 and T3 (p=0.0096). Under the conditions of this study, it is concluded that there is a favorable response of the cocoa bean shell alone or combined with vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake