Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Adición de la harina de limón mandarina (Citrus x limonia) sobre los índices productivos e inmunoglobulinas en cerdos (Sus scrofa domesticus) post destete(2024-08) Ortega Espín, Adriana Denis; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe main objective of this research was to evaluate the addition of Mandarin lemon (Citrus x limonia) flour on productive indices and IgG and IgA immunoglobulins in post-weaning pigs. Four treatments were employed: Control Treatment (T0) without addition of flour; T1: with 0.1%; T2: with 0.2%; and T3: with 0.3% (Citrus x limonia). We used 24 post-weaning pigs of Landrace x Yorkshire crossbreed, 28 days old with initial weights ranging from 5.4 to 6.4 kg. They were distributed into 4 treatments with 6 repetitions each one, with one animal per repetition, using a completely randomized experimental design (DCA). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test at a significance level of 95%, with the statistical software Infostat 2020. The duration of the research work was 28 days, during which weights were recorded at 35, 42, 49, and 56 days of age. Subsequently, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and sent to the laboratory to determine the levels of serum immunoglobulins IgG and IgA using the immunoturbidimetry technique. No significant results were obtained regarding productive indices in the first three weeks. However, in week four, it was demonstrated that there was a better weight gain ratio and a more favorable feed conversion ratio for T0, while T3 had a higher weight gain and feed conversion ratio, making it the least favorable. In immunology, results were obtained for T0 in IgA and for treatment T2 in IgG. Additionally, a lower incidence of digestive disorders was observed due to antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.Item Evaluación del encalostrado en un programa de levante de terneras Holstein en la hacienda Alli Llacta ubicada en el cantón Mejía de la provincia de Pichincha(2022-03) Masson Bedón, María Guadalupe; Aragadvay Yungán, GonzaloThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the colostrum managment in a program for raising Holstein calves through qualitative tests in both colostrum and blood serum, and also to carry out a follow-up to monitor the post-calostrated response of the calves in the first two months of life, respecting the lifting program already established in the farm. The methodology consisted in determine the quality of freshly milked colostrum and the supplied to the calves by using the colostrometer and estimate the amount of immunoglobulins present in the blood serum of the calves by using the glutaraldehyde test. Twenty calves and the colostrum from their respective dams were sampled, for which their were divided in two groups, primiparous (considering first and second calving cows) and multiparous (cows of ≥3 calving). The immunoglobulin concentration in milked colostrum from primiparous cows had a mean of 66.66 mg / ml, whereas the multiparous cows was 90 mg / ml, being statistically different (p = 0.04), wiyh respect to the colostrum that was supplied to the calves, no statistical significance was reported (p = 0.62). About the results blood serum time gelation, in both groups it produced in the range of 3 to 15 minutes, qualifying it as excellent, with a serum immunoglobulin concentration of> 12 mg / ml. A low negative Pearson correlation with no significance was obtained between the variables colostrum quality and gelation time. Regarding the post-calostrated evaluation, with respect to the initial weight if there was a significant difference between the means 32.54 Kg and 36.25 Kg for calves born from primiparous and multiparous cows respectively, while in the final weight (56 days) there was no significant difference with values of 56.81 Kg (primiparous) and 59.00 Kg (multiparous), the same behavior occurred with height; however, no value was found within the referential for that age, in addition, the calves showed a mean of physiological parameters within the normal ranges, and also, they presented diarrhea in 68.42% of the calves, which it could possibly be attributed to the management that is carried out on the farm in terms of dairy feeding and the method they use to supply the milk.Item Efecto de la harina de achiote (Bixa orellana) sobre la pigmentación a la canal e inmunoglobulinas en pollos de engorde(2018) Ninahualpa Cadena, Daniela Cristina; Guerrero López, RicardoThe present study has the title: “EFFECT OF THE ANNATTO FLOUR (Bixa orellana) ON PIGMENTATION TO THE CHANNEL AND IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN CHICKENS OF FATTENING” in which 200 cobb 500 line chickens were evaluated, of one day age, divided into four treatments and five repetitions with 10 birds per experimental unit. The formulation of diets was taken for each treatment: T0 = control, T1 = 0.1% Bixa orellana, T2 = 0.2% Bixa orellana and T3 = 0.3% Bixa orellana, making the inclusion of Annatto flour in the fattening stage. The study lasted 49 days. I used a completely randomized design with analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% but for the variable pigmentation was used the statistical package SPSS statistics v23. The results obtained were: for the variable immunoglobulin M; T0, T1, T2 and T3 were statistically equal; for the variable immunoglobulin G; T1, T2 and T3 were statistically different with T0, this indicates an increase in the response of this immunoglobulin; finally, in the variable pigmentation was obtained that there are no statistical differences between treatments.Item Prevalencia de Toxoplasma gondii en felinos domésticos (Felis catus) en las clínicas veterinarias de la ciudad de Ambato(2016) Cousen Añazco, Valeria Betzabeth; Montero Recalde, Mayra AndreaThe research project is titled "REVALENCE OF Toxoplasma gondii IN DOMESTIC CATS (Felis catus) IN THE CITY OF AMBATO VETERINARY CLINICS". Toxoplasma gondii is diagnosed by detecting specific antibodies by measuring of immunoglobulins G and M. The percentage of positive cases, for the immunoglobulin G told us the status of the parasite is there exposure to the pathogen, developing an immune response of memory in the body; in the same way immunoglobulin M may indicate the existence of an acute, recent or reactivated by the protozoan infection. He was the respective laboratory examination of serology using electrochemiluminescence with its analysis and interpretation by the immunoassay for Toxo IgG – Toxo IgM (immunoglobulins) in serum, with use of analytical modulator which later provides the results using the software automatically. The total number of domestic cats in which the respective serological analysis was conducted was of 30 analysed cats, of which 8 are positive for immunoglobulin G with 26.7% and 22 negative cases with 73.3% of the total population. For immunoglobulin M values reported 0 cases positive. With regard to the prevalence was determined the calculation of 26.6% of the total population, males with 20% and females of 6.7%, which are within the parameters calculated in the confidence interval. Key words: Toxoplasma gondii, infection, immunoglobulins, electrochemi luminescence.Item Efecto de la tintura de propóleo sobre las inmunoglobulinas en pollos parrilleros(2015) Guerrero Apo, Walter Rolando; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoEl desconocimiento de la existencia de productos que pueden elevar el sistema inmune en las aves, actuando en los órganos primarios produciendo linfocitos, los cuales secretan inmunoglobulinas a causado muchos brotes de enfermedades víricas las cuales han generado altos porcentajes de mortalidad pudiendo llegar hasta un 80% producidas por infecciones secundarias debido a la inmunosupresión causada por dichos virus. El presente trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en la comunidad “El Empalme” ubicada en el cantón Quero, provincia de Tungurahua, a 3.2 Km de distancia del parque central de dicho cantón. Sus coordenadas geográficas son 01º 24´ 17.6” de latitud Sur y 78º 38´43.9” de longitud Oeste, a una altitud de 3105 msnm (Sistema de posicionamiento global GPS). La información para la presente investigación se recogió de 120 pollos por medio de necropsias para obtener la morfometría de los órganos linfoide primarios realizadas a los 31 y 51 días de edad de las aves, mientras que para la medición del nivel de inmunoglobulinas se obtuvo 5 ml de sangre a los 51 días de edad, de la vena braquial, luego se midió los niveles en un laboratorio. La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar los efectos de una tintura de propóleo sobre las inmunoglobulinas en pollos parrilleros. Para lo cual se usó tintura de propóleo en 3 dosis que fueron 25 mg/Kg P.V., 50 mg/Kg P.V. y 75 ng/Kg P.V. y un testigo el cual no recibió propóleo, sirviendo como patrón para las mediciones de los niveles, se estableció que una dosis de 50 mg/Kg P.V., de propóleo mejora el peso de la Bolsa de Fabricio, de esta manera ayudando al sistema inmune en los pollos parrilleros, ya que al estar funcional durante más tiempo la Bolsa incrementa la secreción de linfocitos B., siendo este el tratamiento que tuvo mayor medición en todos los parámetros usados como fueron índice morfométrico de los órganos linfoide primarios (Bolsa de Fabricio, Bazo), niveles de inmunoglobulinas (IgG, IgM). Cabe recalcar que en las inmunoglobulinas solo existió diferencia matemática ya que no se elevó mucho sobre los niveles normales en aves a los 51 días de edad.