Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Biología de Oligonychus peruvianus McGregor (Acari Tetranychidae) en dos cultivares aguacate (Persea americana Mill)(2024-02) Ojeda Barrera, Alex José; Leiva Mora, MichelThe avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an important fruit tree that is commercially grown in several tropical and subtropical regions. This species is attacked by different species of mites, including Oligonychus peruvianus; however, there are few studies on this topic. According to this, this research aimed to evaluate the bioecological aspects of Oligonychus peruvianus McGregor (Acari Tetranychidae) in avocado (Persea americana Mill). The biology of the mite was studied on two avocado cultivars (Verde and Hass), under laboratory conditions using rearing units. The biological cycle (eggadult) was longer when the females were reared on leaves of cultivar Verde (19.5 days), while in cultivar Hass, this time was reduced by 17.4 % (16.1 days). Females showed greater longevity when they were reared on Hass leaves (20.8 days), while in the Verde, the lifespan was reduced to 12.8 days. Furthermore, fecundity was significantly higher in females reared on Hass leaves (23.8 eggs/female) and decreased to 12.6 eggs/female in females reared on avocado cv. Verde. According to the results, the cultivar Hass seems to offer the best conditions for the development of the mite, therefore, this information should be taken into account when establishing and designing pest management plans. Keywords: avocado, biology, fecundity, longevity, oviposition rate.Item Efecto de la planta hospedera sobre el potencial de daño de Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor, 1914)(2023-03) Punina De La Cruz, Erika Micaela; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisMites belonging to family Tetranychidae are widely distributed worldwide, in which around 1250 species have been reported, with Oligonychus yothersi being one of the important species in agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the host plant on the damage potential of O. yothersi by studying duration of the life cycle, reproductive parameters and longevity and parameters of the life tables on peach, apple and rose leaves under laboratory conditions in the Entomology laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (21°C ± 1.14°C, 52% ± 9.28% HR). The biological cycle of O. yothersi reared on peach, apple, and rose leaves under laboratory conditions showed differences in the duration of some development stages, where the stages from egg to chrysalis were evidently shorter in peach and apple. Regarding the reproductive parameters, it was observed that the preoviposition time was shorter when the mite was reared on peach leaves, while no differences were observed on apple and rose leaves. In the case of the oviposition, postoviposition, fecundity, and longevity periods, again the maximum values were observed in peach leaves, followed by apple, and rose leaves, which shows that peach plants could offer the best characteristics for the development of O. yothersi. Finally, the parameters of the life tables also showed differences in the net reproduction rate (Ro) 39.44 in peach, mean generation time (T) (days) 18.58 in apple, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0 04 in peach, in the case of finite growth rate (λ) (1.01) there was no difference. Based on the parameters, it is suggested that peach is a potential host for O. yothersi.Item Biología y tablas de vida de Eotetranychus lewisi sobre las variedades de durazno Prunus pérsica (zapallo, abridor blanco y tejón)(2020-03-19) Miño Pérez, César Ignacio; Vásquez Freytez, CarlosEotetranychus lewisi is an important pest in peach crops in various parts of the world and it has recently been reported in the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. Therefore, in the present study, the biology and life table of E. lewisi were studied on three peach varieties (‘Zapallo’, Blanco abridor’and ‘Tejón’) under laboratory conditions (). The study was conducted in the Entomology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, UTA. The mites were collected from Euphorbia pulcherrima. The effect of the variety on the duration of the life cycle of E. lewisi was demonstrated, observing that the lewis mite did not develop when reared on Zapallo leaves, while life cycle was similar in ‘Abridor’ and ‘Tejón’. Regarding the reproductive parameters, Tejon proved to be the breeding substrate that offers the greatest development potential for E. lewisi since it presented less pre-oviposition time and greater fertility, which was evidenced in the parameters of the table of life where it presented the highest data in the net reproduction rate (Ro). Based on the results, cultivar Zapallo seems to have resistance mechanisms to this pest, so its inclusion in a pest management program could be considered.Item Ciclo biológico de oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetranychidae) en aliso (Alnus acuminata) y café (Coffea arabica) y el uso de extractos etanólicos complementarios para su control(2017) Paredes Carreño, Sara Nataly; Dávila Ponce, MartaTo determine the life cycle, fecundity, longevity, sexual proportion, life table, genetic variability of populations in different altitudinal levels and biological control of Oligonychus coffeae, laboratory studies were carried out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. The mites were collected from different altitudinal floors located in the provinces of Tungurahua, Pastaza and Morona Santiago. The biology studies were performed on isolated leaves of Alnus acuminata and Coffea arabica. The total development time of O. coffeae in alder leaves was 41.70 ± 1.45 days whereas in coffee leaves it was 36.48 ± 1.61 days being shorter in the protonymph and deutochrysalis phases. The genetic variability of populations was evaluated from mite hatchlings in alder and coffee leaves collected different altitudinal floors, by means of RAPD-PCR using primers OPA01, OPA03, OPB10, OPB13. In the analysis of O. coffeae, a total of 112 bands were counted among all the initiators and the used plant materials, of which 10, 71% were polymorphic. Due to the importance of coffee and alder in Ecuador, the study of pests that attack these crops is important, therefore control is even more important. One of the viable initiatives for their control is the use of plant extracts. In order to check the effect of ethanolic extracts of leaves and test them in addition, different doses were applied to leaves infested with mites to determine their mortality, observing it at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours.