Ciencias Agropecuarias

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    Evaluación de complejos enzimáticos orgánicos en la producción de cultivo de ajo (Allium sativum) bajo cubierta
    (2025-02) Gómez Arce Johana Paola; Pérez Salinas Marco Oswaldo
    The present research was carried out in the province of Tungurahua, specifically in the Querochaca canton at the Technical University of Ambato “UTA”, where the objective was to evaluate the effect of the application of organic enzyme complexes on the production of garlic (Allium sativum) below deck. In order to achieve the stated objective, a randomized experimental design was used that included three doses with two frequencies and three repetitions. The garlic sowing had a development time of two months from its cultivation in rows. Management methods were used. organic and control plants were included. With the application of the 5% Tukey test, it was observed, with respect to the treatments, that Frequency 2 is every 15 days with Dose 3 being 5 ml. L-1 (F2D3), had a basal diameter of 7.81cm and in height it was Frequency 1 in every 30 days with Dose 1 being 2.5 ml. L-1 (F1D1) showing a growth of 73.11 which had better performance, pointing out that in the crop under cover it did not present pests or diseases throughout the crop cycle.
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    Evaluación del efecto de ajo (Allium sativum) como antiparasitario gastrointestinal en cobayos (Cavia porcellus) en la etapa de crecimiento
    (2024-08) Toainga Cunalata, Geoconda Alexandra; Burgos Mayorga, Ana Rafaela
    The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of garlic paste (Allium sativum) as a gastrointestinal antiparasitic in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) in the growth stage. Sixty guinea pigs were allocated in four treatments: a control group (T0) without garlic, treatment 1 (T1) with garlic paste replacing 1% of diet once per week, treatment 2 (T2) with the same product replacing 2% of diet once per week, and treatment 3 (T3) with garlic paste replacing 3% of diet once per week. Coproanalysis were performed using the flotation method and McMaste technique on the day of arrival and at 7, 15, 22,29,36, 43, and 50 days of experiment. Eimeria caviae was identified in all groups. All treatments shown to be effective in reducing the count of Eimeria caviae oocysts, T2 and T3 managed to reduce the counts to 0 in week 7. However, no significant differences were found between the treatments for gain weight, final live weight, and feed efficiency. In conclusion, the oral administration of garlic paste reduced the parasite load and could be considered as an antiparasitic alternative in guinea pigs.
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    Evaluación de dos métodos de extracción de ruda, ortiga y ajo para el control de Brevicoryne brassicae (pulgón) en el cultivo de col morada (Brassicacea oleracea var. capitata f. rubra)
    (2023-03) Guashca Millingalli, José Francisco; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny Patricio
    Purple cabbage (Brassicacea oleracea var. Capitata f. rubra)" is a vegetable of great economic interest due to its high production and market demand, however, in order to have a good production, it has been necessary to use conventional agrochemicals to reduce pathogens, and the indiscriminate use of these products has caused problems to the environment and human health. The present investigation was carried out in the Huachi San Francisco sector and its objective was to evaluate the effect of two extraction methods for aphid control. The factors studied were; infusion method (M1) with three application doses D1 (8 ml/L), D2 (12 ml/L) and D3 (16 ml/L) and maceration (M2) with doses of D1 (0.5 L), D2 (1 L) and D3 (1.5 L) with an application frequency of 6 and 15 days after transplanting. A split-plot design with 3 replications was used, where the large plot corresponds to the methods and the sub-plots to the doses. A hierarchical analysis was performed for the results because the doses of the extracts applied were different from each other. The variables evaluated were: incidence, severity, days to aphid appearance and percentage of aphids present on the upper and lower side of the leaf, however, statistically none of the applied doses and methods had significant differences, considering that this depends on many climatic factors such as the relatively low temperature and humidity that occurred during the months of the research, so it is understood that they were not the most appropriate, greatly influencing the adaptation and development of the aphids and in the same way in the application of the extracts.
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    Efecto del uso de un coadyuvante en la efectividad del extracto etanólico de ajo para el control de oligonychus yothersi (Mcgregor) (Acari: tetranychidae)
    (2022-09) Tiana Erazo, Álvaro Mauricio; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
    Tetranychidae includes pest species that can inflict economic damage to crops of economic importance worldwide, so they often require control measures. Given its importance, several studies have been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of more environmentally friendly control methods, such as the use of biopesticide products. In the present study, the effect of the use of an adjuvant on the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of garlic for the control of Oligonychus yothersi was evaluated. The acaricidal activity of the garlic extract was evaluated by the residual contact technique using leaf disks immersed in each of the extract concentrations for 20 s. The use of adjuvant caused a higher mortality rate at 24 h after application, reaching 37.5%, while in the treatments where no adjuvant was used, it reached 30.0%. At 48 hours after application, the mortality rates during these periods were 23.33 and 25.42% with and without adjuvant, respectively, and at 72 hours, rates of 16.67 and 12.92%, respectively, were reached. However, when analyzing the effect on cumulative mortality after 72 h of application, what was observed at 24 h was verified, where the cumulative rate reached 77.50 in the extract with adjuvant and 68.33% when the extract was used. only. Additionally, the garlic extract with adjuvant caused the greatest reduction in oviposition at the highest concentrations (8 and 16% of the extract) with a reduction of 70.80 and 7.03% compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, the observed reductions in oviposition when garlic extract was used alone were smaller, since, with the highest doses, the percentage reduction was 55.3 and 59.6%, respectively. Finally, the greatest reduction in longevity was observed with doses of 4 to 16% of the extract, regardless of whether it was applied with or without adjuvant. The intermediate doses (1 and 2%) were able to cause a reduction in longevity between 27.3 and 35% in relation to the control treatment. The garlic extract showed to have a positive effect in the control of O. yothersi, for which it could be included in pest management plans
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    Evaluación del efecto de dos productos orgánicos, para el control de trips (Franklinella occidentalis) en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria ananassa) variedad Albión
    (2022-03) Sulqui Jordán, Ronald Esteban; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
    The research was carried out to evaluate the effects of two organic products, for the control of thrips (Franklinella occidentalis) in the cultivation of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) variety Albión, which was carried out on the property of Mr. Manuel Pérez, located in the Tungurahua province, Tisaleo canton, whose geographic coordinates are: 1 ° 21 ′ 0 ″ South latitude and 78 ° 40 ′ 0 ″ West longitude, with an altitude of 3 156 masl (GPS global positioning system). For the evaluation, a completely randomized block experiment (DBCA) was applied in which 3 repetitions of ten plants will be carried out each treatment (10 treatments and 1 control). The doses were D1 (1cc / L), D2 (2cc / L), D3 (4cc / L), D4 (8cc / L) and D5 (16cc / L). The extracts were E1 (garlic-chili) and E2 (garlic-chili + rotenone). The treatment with the best results was E2D4 (Garlic-chili extract + rotenone - 8 cc / L). Applying the 5% Tukey Test for number of trips per plant, it was located in range A with an average of 1.23 trips per plant; In reduction of the affected leaf area, it is located in the A range with 14.33% affectation. For the percentage of affected fruits, it is also located in rank A with 8.40% affectation. In fruit weight, this treatment also stood out, placing it in the A range with an average of 1.81 kg / plant. Finally, for crop yield it is located in rank A with an average of 12,439 kg / ha. In conclusion, it is recommended to apply the garlic-chili extract plus rotenone in a dose of 8cc / L of water to control the population of thrips (Franklinella occidentalis) in the strawberry crop (Fragaria ananassa).
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    Introducción a la producción de unibulbos con la aplicación de un complejo hormonal en plantas de ajo (Allium sativum L.) CV nacional o criolla.
    (2013-10-01) Gavilanes Salinas, Marco Vinicio; Fabara G, Jorge
    El trabajo de investigación se llevó a cabo en la propiedad del Sr. Jaime Gavilanes, ubicado en el caserío Punachizac del cantón Quero, provincia Tungurahua. Sus coordenadas geográficas son 01º 27´ 37” de latitud Sur y 78º 33´ 58” de longitud Oeste, a la altitud de 3 008 msnm. El propósito fue: determinar la dosis (4 ml/l D1, 8 ml/l D2 y 12 ml/l D3) y frecuencia adecuada de aplicación (cada 3 semanas, F1, cada 5 semanas F2 y Cada 7 semanas F3), de un complejo de hormonas (Fitoamin TF), para inducir la producción de unibulbos en plantas de ajo (Allium sativum L.), a más de determinar el tratamiento económicamente más eficiente. Los tratamientos fueron nueve producto de la combinación de los factores en estudio, más el testigo que no se aplicó Fitoamin TF. Se empleó el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA) con arreglo factorial 3 x 3 + 1 testigo, con tres repeticiones. Se efectuó el análisis de variancia (ADEVA), de acuerdo al diseño experimental planteado. Pruebas de significación de Tukey al 5%, para diferenciar entre tratamientos, factor dosis, frecuencias e interacción. Comparación ortogonal para el testigo; y, polinomios ortogonales con cálculo de correlación y regresión para el factor dosis y frecuencias de aplicación. El análisis económico de los tratamientos se realizó mediante el procedimiento del presupuesto parcial propuesto por Perrín et al. (1988), para calcular la tasa marginal de retorno. Con la aplicación de Fitoamin TF en dosis de 12 ml/l (D3), se obtuvieron los mejores resultados, por cuanto se alcanzó la mayor producción de unibulbos, siendo éstos de mejor calidad, al reportarse en los análisis el mayor porcentaje de unibulbos (53,70%), con mayor peso (8,85 g), consecuentemente se obtuvieron los mejores rendimientos de bulbos “machos” (36,63 g) y un alto rendimiento general de bulbos (298,44 g). En relación a las frecuencias de aplicación de Fitoamin TF, se observó que, con la aplicación del producto con la frecuencia de cada 3 semanas (F1), se obtuvieron los mejores resultados, alcanzándose el mayor porcentaje de unibulbos (51,85%), siendo éstos de un diámetro polar de 2,82 cm y diámetro ecuatorial de unibulbos de 3,14 cm. El peso de los unibulbos se incrementó (8,72 g), por lo que se consiguieron los mejores rendimientos, especialmente de bulbos “machos” (36,62 g) y un rendimiento total de bulbos (302,78 g). Del análisis económico se concluye que, el tratamiento D2F3 (8 ml/l, cada 7 semanas), registró la tasa marginal de retorno de 293,56%, siendo desde el punto de vista económico el de mejor rentabilidad.