Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Determinación de niveles de anticuerpos antirrábicos post-vacunales en caninos de diferentes edades(2025-02) Arcos Cuamacas Micaela Elizabeth; Villavicencio Villavicencio Blanca JeanethCanine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that mainly affects carnivores. For a better understanding of the immune response and the effectiveness of vaccination against this disease, a detailed investigation was conducted at Dr. Pets Veterinary Clinic over a period of two months. The study focused on evaluating post-vaccinal antibody levels in puppies from 2 to 3 months of age, which were selected under specific criteria: good health status confirmed by clinical examination, normal physiological constants, and absence of previous vaccinations. The methodology employed included immunofluorescence tests to measure the immune response generated after vaccination. The findings of the investigation were significant and revealing. A remarkable increase in IgG antibody titers was observed, from a mean of 1:10 in the antevaccination measurement to 1:120 in the post-vaccination measurement, evidencing an effective immune response. In contrast, IgM antibodies showed a different behavior, with a slight reduction from 1:38.5 to 1:32. This decrease is consistent with the normal dynamics of the immune response, where IgM, although the first antibodies to appear, are characterized by a short half-life.Item Determinación de la titulación de anticuerpos post vacunales en Leucemia Viral Felina mediante ensayo inmunoenzimático de tipo indirecto en gatos de diferentes edades(2024-02) Viteri Ortiz, Rosa Noemi; Kelly Alvear, Gerardo EnriqueFeline Viral Leukemia (ViLeF) is a retrovirus that affects domestic cats to a great extent, causing persistent infections and even death; however, vaccination as a means of prevention avoids the contagion and spread of the virus. For this reason, the research focused on the identification of post-vaccination antibodies in domestic felines by means of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using plasma extracted before and after the application of the vaccine, to identify the increase or decrease of post-vaccination antibodies. According to the results obtained, no statistically significant differences were found in the amount of preand post-vaccine ViLeF antibodies where the scores of the pre-vaccine results of the amount of antibodies (M= 0.06; SD= 0.03) were higher than the scores of the post-vaccine results of the amount of antibodies (M= 0.05; SD= 0.01) t(24)= 1.52, p˂0.005, d= 0.14, d being greater than p value. We sought to identify the relationship between cases positive for ViLeF with factors such as sex, age and reproductive status, omitting the animal's lifestyle, since the samples were obtained from 25 cats rescued by the Municipal Shelter of the city of Ambato. However, the mentioned variables did not show any relation with the increase of antibody titer against ViLeF in domestic cats, where the results obtained in relation to sex showed that the difference of means of both pre-vaccination (M=0.08) and post-vaccination (M=0.05) results in males was 0.03, being the same a negative variation and in females, the means of pre-vaccination (M=0.05) and post-vaccination (M=0.05) results did not show any difference of means. According to age, the results are: 6 - 11 months before - vaccination (M=0.06) and post - vaccination (M=0.05); 1 - 3 years before - vaccination (M=0.06) and post - vaccination (M=0.05) and 4 - 8 years before - vaccination (M=0.06) and post - vaccination (M=0.05), the difference was negative M(dif)= 0.01 in all ranges. Finally, the influence of reproductive status was evaluated and the following results were obtained: Sterilized before-vaccination (M=0.06) and after-vaccination (M=0.05) and Whole before-vaccination (M=0.06) and after-vaccination (M=0.05), in both cases, the variation was -0.01. Key words: Feline viral leukemia, retrovirus, domestic cats, vaccine, post-vaccination antibodies, immunity, ELISAItem Evaluación de una prueba rápida inmunológica a base de anticuerpos anti-HCG de conejo sobre la detección temprana de preñez en vacas Holstein(2023-03) Quinteros Flores, Diana Estefanía; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón GonzaloThe aim of this study was to evaluate a rapid immunological test based on rabbit antiHCG antibodies on the early detection of pregnancy in Holstein cows, the present investigation was carried out at the Carmen Ranch located in the community of Hualcanga San Luis, Quero Town, Tungurahua Province. The research was carried out on 70 previously selected cows based on characteristics such as breed (Holstein), age (range 5 - 7 years), weight (range 450 - 500 kg), the same ones that were covered by natural mating. After 15, 30 and 45 days, an immunological test based on rabbit anti-HCG antibodies was applied for early detection of pregnancy in urine samples. In addition, diagnosis by ultrasound was used as a standard or confirmatory test 45 days after the service. The data obtained in the immunological test applied at 15 days showed sensitivity (S) of 76% and specificity (E) of 70%. While the test applied at 30 days indicated S = 86%, E = 85%. Finally, the test applied at 45 days had an S = 92%, E = 90%. The results obtained by applying the immunological test are significant compared to the confirmatory ultrasound test. Based on the results obtained, the use of the ultrasound test is recommended under the conditions of this study.