Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de la resistencia de Proteus mirabilis a Quinolonas y Betalactámicos y su relación con factores de virulencia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato Maestría En Medicina Veterinaria, 2026-07) Borja Ramos, Alva Tatiana; Cruz Quintana, Sandra MargaritaAntimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to public health, veterinary medicine and food safety. Proteus mirabilis is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacillus recognized for its occurrence in animals, animal-derived foods and environments associated with the food chain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance of P. mirabilis isolated from chicken meat to quinolones and β-lactams, and to determine its relationship with virulence factors of clinical, veterinary and epidemiological importance. The study was conducted using a non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive design. A total of 41 P. mirabilis strains preserved at the Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the Universidad Técnica de Ambato were analysed. These strains originated from registered and non-registered retail outlets in Ambato canton. Resistance genes were detected by PCR: gyrA and aac (6’)-Ib-cr, associated with quinolone resistance, and blaTEM and blaCTX-M, associated with β-lactam resistance. The amplified products were visualised by agarose gel electrophoresis. In addition, virulence factors were assessed through haemolysis on blood agar and swarming motility. The results showed high frequencies of resistance genes. The gyrA gene was detected in 85.37% of the isolates and aac (6’)-Ib-cr in 80.49%. Regarding β-lactams, blaTEM was identified in 80.49% and blaCTX-M in 58.54% of the strains. These findings demonstrate that chicken meat may act as a reservoir of P. mirabilis carrying genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance. The coexistence of resistance genes with haemolysis and swarming suggests a potential health risk; therefore, strengthening molecular surveillance, food safety measures and the rational use of antimicrobials under the One Health approach is recommended.Item Prevalencia de Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) sobre Ovis aries L. en la provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador(2021-09) Borja Ramos, Alva Tatiana; Cruz Quintana, SandraMelophagus ovinus is considered one of the main ectoparasites that attack sheeps due to its high frequency of occurrence and its ability to transmit different pathogenic microorganisms worldwide, however, in the province of Tungurahua information on this topic is limited. In this sense, the present study studied the prevalence of Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) over Ovis aries in the province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. For this purpose, periodic samplings were carried out in semi-intensive and backyard sheep farming systems in different locations in the municipalities of Ambato, Baños, Cevallos, Mocha, Patate, Pelileo, Píllaro, Quero and Tisaleo. Significant differences were detected in the prevalence of M. ovinus in the different municipalities considered in the study, being higher in the different localities of the canton Ambato (39.3%), followed by Quero (33.5%), Mocha (32, 3%), Pelileo (30.7%) and Tisaleo (28.0%), while in Patate, Cevallos and Píllaro a significant decrease in prevalence was observed that ranged between 7.50 and 18% and finally in Baños M. ovinus was not detected. On the other hand, no association was observed between the number of ectoparasites found depending on the sex or age of the host sheep. However, in numerical terms, a higher incidence was observed in males (58.45%) than in females (41.55%), even though it was not statistically significant according to Pearson's Chi value (p = 0.492). Similarly, when considering the age of the animal on the incidence of M. ovinus, a significant association was not found according to the Pearson's Chi-square value (p = 0.314), although a trend was observed in which the animals between 1 - 3 years and those older than 5 years showed a higher prevalence. This type of study highlights the need for and importance of studies on the prevalence and economic impact of M. ovinus and its potential to transmit pathogens