Ciencias Agropecuarias

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870

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Efecto de la semilla de zapallo (Cucurbita moschata) sobre los parásitos gastrointestinales e índices de producción en pollos de engorde (Gallus gallus domesticus)
(2025-08)
Oñate Gancino, Dayana Elizabeth
;
Guerrero López, Jorge Ricardo
The present research work aims to use pumpkin seed (C. moschata) on gastrointestinal parasites of broilers, in order to reduce the parasite load. In addition, it seeks to evaluate production rates through the productive behavior of the birds. A total of 200 one-day-old Cobb 500 chickens were used divided into 4 treatments. Each treatment with 50 chickens, distributed in 5 repetitions, with 10 animals per repetition. T0 was not given C. moschata seed meal in the feed, T1 was given 0.05 % of the meal, T2 0.5 % and T3 0.75 %. Productive indices were evaluated after the administration of C. moschata. Starting weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, mortality, and B/C were recorded. To detect the parasites present, coproparasitic tests were performed at the end of each stage of productive development (pre-start, initiation and fattening), corresponding to days 7. 21 and 42. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (DCA). The data obtained were evaluated using the INFOSTAT program using the Tukey test at a significance level of 95%. The results showed that the inclusion of C. moschata seed meal in the feed does not affect the productive performance of the animal. The aggregation of 0.05 % and 0.75 % showed favorable results in final weight, feed conversion and B/C. Finally, the dose of 0.75 % was the best to reduce the parasite load.
Identificación de parásitos gastrointestinales en palomas domésticas (Columba livia) en tres parques de la zona urbana de la ciudad de Ambato
(2025-02)
Villacres Barrionuevo Jorge Israel
;
Borja Caicedo Byron Enrique
The present investigation was developed with the objective of identifying the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in domestic pigeons (Columba livia) in three urban parks in the city of Ambato: Montalvo, Cevallos and La Merced. For this purpose, coprological analyses were performed on a total of 198 fecal samples, using Sheather flotation and simple sedimentation with 10% formalin. The research was framed within a descriptive and transversal design, with the aim of obtaining a “photograph” of the sanitary status of pigeons in these urban spaces. The results of the investigation revealed the presence of Ascaris spp., Isospora spp. and Eimeria spp. with a total prevalence of 36.4% in Parque Montalvo, followed by Cevallos with 33.4% and La Merced with 28.8%. Although the prevalence is not excessively high, the results suggest that the presence of gastrointestinal parasites could be an indication of exposure to sources of contamination in these parks, especially in Montalvo Park, which showed the highest parasite load. These findings are relevant for urban wildlife management, as they indicate the existence of gastrointestinal parasites in Ambato pigeons, which could have implications in terms of public health and urban wildlife management. This study provides valuable information for the design of control and prevention strategies, such as proper park management and public awareness of the possible transmission of zoonotic diseases. In conclusion, although the results indicate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in urban pigeons in Ambato, further research is required to evaluate the impact on public health. These results provide important information for future research and preventive actions in the city.
Incidencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en los caninos (Canis lupus familiaris) en el Caserio de Teligote
(2025-02)
Santamaria Pazmay Soraya Monserrath
;
Borja Caicedo Byron Enrique
The purpose of the study conducted in the Teligote hamlet was to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal parasites in the canine population by means of coprological analysis. Since no information was available on the number of dogs in the area, a survey of the inhabitants was conducted, which allowed the animals to be identified and a total of 142 samples for analysis to be established. The collected feces were processed using the Faust technique with zinc sulfate for parasite identification and the McMaster chamber to quantify the parasite load. The results showed that 81% of the samples analyzed presented parasites, among which the following were identified: Cystoisopora spp, Giarda duodenalis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpi and Ancylostoma caninum, with Cystosisopora spp standing out as the most prevalent, with an incidence of 20% compared to the other species. Statistical analysis was performed with the Infostat program, applying the Chi-square test to identify possible significant relationships between the variables evaluated. The results showed that Cystoisopora spp is associated with age and time of deworming, while Strongylides stercoralis is associated with sex and time of deworming. These associations were considered significant when the p value > 0.05 was not exceeded. The average parasite load was 10274 h.p.g (eggs per gram of feces), 417 q.p.g (cysts per gram of feces) and 2248 o.p.g (oocysts per gram of feces). These results indicate a severe parasitic infestation in the canine population of the farmhouse. However, the parasitic load of Giarda duodenalis was moderate. The species with the most significant loads were Dipylidium canimun (22%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (19%), which reinforces the need to implement control and prevention measures in the area.
Identificación de los factores de riesgo asociados a enteroparásitos en gallinas criollas (Gallus gallus domesticus) de traspatio en las zonas rurales de la parroquia San José, de la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador
(2025-02-11)
Cuvi Cuenca Keyla Paola
;
Rodríguez Haro Cecilia Elizabeth
Currently, there are not enough formal studies on parasitological fauna in backyard birds in Ecuador, for this reason the present work aims to contribute with knowledge regarding the prevalence and parasitic incidence of backyard poultry production in parish San José, province of Pastaza, likewise, describe the importance of sustainable and sustainable production that guarantees food safety because to strengthen both animal health and the sanitary management of animals by identifying risk factors to prevent them through sanitary control management, therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to identify the main gastrointestinal parasites associated with risk factors and zoonotic interest in backyard birds from rural areas of the tropics. Fecal samples were collected from 80 birds (roosters and hens) of different ages under a backyard breeding system. The samples were collected at random. For laboratory analysis, the samples were subjected to flotation and washing tests and the Mc Master technique. The prevalence of parasites could be determined with a value of 91.25%, depending on sex, the positive parasite prevalence in females was high (60%). Regarding the identification of parasites, the prevalence of: Hymenolepis setigera and Capillaria spp was reported with 27% respectively, followed by Eimeria spp (26,3%). Depending on age; The parasite prevalence was higher in birds older than 12 months. Finally, the Odds Ratio values were greater than 1, in factors such as deworming, feeding, and housing, which is considered a viable irrigation factor, favoring parasite infestation.
Revisión bibliográfica de la resistencia parasitaria en la aplicación de antihelmínticos en bovinos del Ecuador
(2024-11)
Patiño Ponce Juan Pablo
;
Rodríguez Haro Cecilia Elizabeth
This study reviews the resistance of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle in Ecuador to the use of anthelmintics, through a bibliographic review of scientific publications and national reports. The objective is to provide an updated overview of parasite species prevalence and the effectiveness of anthelmintic treatments, considering the geographical, climatic, and biological variations across different regions of the country. The specific objectives include: 1) Determining the number of helminth species present in cattle fecal samples before and after treatments with various drugs. 2) Identifying the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasite species. 3) Analyzing deworming protocols, considering the diversity of helminths, the time of year, and the duration of treatment effectiveness in each region. The study covered several regions of Ecuador, including the coast, highlands, and the Amazon, each with distinct climatic and geographical conditions that influence parasite prevalence and treatment effectiveness. In the coastal region, provinces such as Manabí, Guayas, and El Oro, with warm and humid climates, promote parasite presence. In the highlands, areas like Pichincha, Chimborazo, and Azuay, with cooler climates and higher altitudes, present different patterns of parasitic incidence. In the Amazon, provinces such as Napo, Sucumbíos, and Morona Santiago are characterized by their biodiversity, which facilitates the prevalence of various parasitic species. This analysis provides key information to optimize parasite control strategies in cattle farming in Ecuador, contributing to the development of more sustainable and effective practices that improve animal health and increase livestock productivity in the country.
Incidencia de Toxocara cati en felinos domésticos y su efecto en la salud pública en la parroquia de Fátima, cantón Pastaza, provincia de Pastaza
(2024-08)
Pérez Ordoñez, Geovanna Estefanía
;
Villavicencio Villavicencio, Blanca Jeaneth
Toxocara cati is a type of roundworm that lives in the intestine and mainly affects domestic cats and other felines. This parasite is transmitted when cats ingest Toxocara cati eggs present in their environment, either through contaminated food or by exploring areas where these eggs are found. Once inside the cat's intestine, the eggs hatch and the larvae move through the animal's body, causing various health problems such as vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and in more serious cases, intestinal obstructions. It is important to note that Toxocara cati can also represent a risk of transmission to humans, being capable of causing parasitic infections in people. Because of this, a study was carried out in the Fátima parish, province of Pastaza. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence in domestic felines and its effect on public health. A survey was carried out to find out the feline population in the parish, resulting in 143 animals, and 104 of them were sampled. The egg diagnosis and quantification methods used were the Flotation method by Willys Molloy and the Mcmaster Camera. The result was 23.07% in domestic felines, a calculation was made in which non-wormed felines had an average of 661 h.p.g., in females an average of 675.33 h.p.g. was found, in puppies an average of 467.66, and in adults an average of 521.6 h.p.g. placing these in a moderate parasitosis on the other hand, the males had an average of 801.33, and the young ones an average of 803.84 h.p.g. finding himself in a severe parasitosis, compromising the patient's life. And having a higher incidence in females (75%), not dewormed (100%), in puppies (54%), young people (25%) and adults (21%) and in children under 6 months and 25% in the owners of The cats.
Identificación y prevalencia de artrópodos ectoparásitos asociados en caprinos de raza criolla en la provincia de Santa Elena
(2024-08)
Chico Mayorga, María Fernanda
;
Almeida Secaira, Roberto Ismael
Goat breeding has been gaining strength in recent years in the country. In order to be successful in animal production, many factors must be taken into account. For example, one of them is ectoparasites. This problem can cause diseases and complications in animals and therefore ends in economic losses. Therefore, the research was carried out with the objective of identifying the prevalence of ectoparasites in Creole goats in Río Verde, province of Santa Elena. Ectoparasites were collected from 52 female goats, and then the samples were placed in jars with 70% alcohol to be transported to the laboratory where the identification analysis was carried out using a stereoscope. The result was the presence of the genus Rhipicephalus linnaei, a type of tick not previously described in Ecuador and known to attack the canine species. In addition, in terms of prevalence, it was determined that there is a 15% infestation of ectoparasites in 8 of 52 goats. In conclusion, it is inferred that the genus Rhipicephalus linnaei has evolved looking for larger hosts such as goats and has spread to reach Ecuador.
Prevalencia de ectoparásitos artrópodos de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) y su control con Beauveria bassiana en condiciones de laboratorio
(2024-08)
Altamirano Cevallos, Daniela Dessire
;
Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
Production of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) can be affected by different factors, including skin problems, especially ectoparasites, which also predispose to secondary infections. Given the high incidence of ectoparasites, constant control measures are required, which are generally done through the use of chemical products. Therefore, in this research, the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in guinea pigs in the Cevallos municipality and their control with Beauveria bassiana in laboratory conditions were evaluated. Firstly, samples were taken in the different localities in Cevallos (Vinces, Jesús del Gran Poder, Barrio La Amistad, Las Playas, Andignato, Tambo, San Pedro, Mirador, Santo Domingo, La Floresta, Belén, Santa Rosa and Agua Santa) to identify the ectoparasite species. The effect of different concentrations of a commercial product based on the entomopathogenic fungus (Beauvetic) was then evaluated: D1= 1x105 conidia (T1), D2= 1x106 conidia (T2), D3= 1 x107 conidia (T3) and a control treatment (D0) was used. Three species of ectoparasites associated with guinea pigs were identified in the different locations in the Cevallos canton, two species of mites of the genus Ornithonyssus (Ornithonyssus sp1 and Ornithonyssus sp2) and one species of chewing louse, Trimenopon hispidum, within the Trimenoponidae family. In general, mites showed a higher prevalence than lice in all the sampled areas. The effect of increasing the different concentrations of B. bassiana on the mortality of the two species of ectoparasitic mites was demonstrated, being greater when used at concentrations of 1x107 and 1x108 conidia/ml in both species of Ornithonyssus, which were significantly higher than in the rest of the treatments. Given the results obtained under in vitro conditions, it is suggested to evaluate its control effect with direct applications on guinea pigs in order to assess its safety for the animal.
Prevalencia de nemátodos gastrointestinales en cerdos faenados en el camal municipal del cantón Pelileo
(2024-08)
Naula Sánchez, Erick Josué
;
Almeida Secaira, Roberto Ismael
This research focuses on determining the presence and frequency of gastrointestinal nematodes in pigs slaughtered in the Pelileo municipal slaughterhouse. This study aims to evaluate the parasitic load of nematodes in pigs intended for human consumption, which is of utmost importance for public health and the pork industry. The methodology used included the collection of gastrointestinal tissue samples from pigs slaughtered in the municipal slaughterhouse, followed by coproparasitoscopic analysis to identify and quantify the presence of nematodes in the adult stage, as well as eggs and larvae in the samples. The results obtained provide relevant information on the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitosis in pigs, allowing the impact on public health and the quality of pork to be evaluated. The findings of this research have significant implications for animal and human health, as well as the local pork industry. The data collected can be used to implement measures to control and prevent parasitic infections in pigs, contributing to food security and the well-being of the population. Furthermore, the identification of gastrointestinal nematodes in pigs slaughtered in the municipal slaughterhouse of Pelileo Canton provides a solid basis for future research and actions aimed at improving pig management and production practices.
Identificación de parásitos entéricos zoonóticos en perros que frecuentan el 'Cani Park' de la ciudad de Ambato
(2024-02)
Oviedo Villalba, Erika Camila
;
Borja Caicedo, Byron Enrique
The study conducted at Ambato's 'Cani Park' aimed to identify zoonotic enteric parasites in dogs through coproparasitological analysis. The methodology employed included the use of the Faust technique with Zinc Sulfate and the McMaster chamber for the detection of parasites such as Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, and Trichuris vulpis, along with their respective parasitic loads. The collection of fecal samples was carried out meticulously, distinguishing between feces dispersed in the environment and those belonging to owned dogs. Statistical methods played a pivotal role in this research, involving quantitative analyses that included the application of the Student's t-test and the chi-square test. These analyses were conducted using statistical tools such as Microsoft Excel and Infostat. Regarding the results obtained, it was found that 51.20% of the collected samples tested positive for the presence of parasites. The average egg count per gram of feces (h.p.g.) was 430, indicating a moderate parasitic infestation in the canine population of the park. Significantly elevated parasitic loads of Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis were prominent, highlighting a substantial zoonotic risk, especially in scattered feces. No significant differences in parasitic loads were observed based on the dogs' sex or breed; however, a higher load was recorded in puppies compared to adult dogs. Additionally, a concerning lack of awareness about zoonosis and hygiene practices was identified among 'Cani Park' users, with 87% of the surveyed individuals lacking knowledge in these fundamental aspects. Despite the negligence in pet deworming, there was a general willingness to participate in educational programs that could contribute to addressing these deficiencies. Keywords: Faust technique, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Dipylidium caninum, Trichuris vulpis.

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