Ciencias Agropecuarias

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870

Examinar

Resultados de la búsqueda

Mostrando 1 - 10 de 25

Evaluación de hidrolatos en el control de Phytophthora infestans en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum)
(2025-02)
Calero Vargas Jessica Estefania
;
Zurita Vásquez José Hernán
El tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans), es una enfermedad que causa daño a nivel mundial en el cultivo de papa, provocando pérdidas económicas y que se controla con productos químicos como son los fungicidas. Por lo tanto, el presente proyecto busco comprobar la acción de los hidrolatos de marco (Franseria artemisioides), ruda (Ruta graveolens L.) y romero (Salvia rosmarinus) para prevenir el tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans) aplicando diferentes dosis, en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum), con el objetivo que el uso de productos alternativos en base de extractos de plantas o mezcla de plantas para la elaboración de fungicidas botánicos y el manejo de plagas agrícolas sea una alternativa para los agricultores. Se analizó la eficacia de los hidrolatos con tres repeticiones: hidrolato de ruda, hidrolato marco y hidrolato de romero con dosis de: 5, 10 y 15 ml/L en el cultivo de papa ya establecido. Estos tratamientos se aplicaron directamente al follaje de la planta por medio de un pulverizador. Se identifico un resultado del producto y las dosis favorables sobre la incidencia y severidad. Los tratamientos de hidrolato de ruda y Romero con dosis al 15 ml/L tienen un resultado muy favorable para inhibir el crecimiento del patógeno. Estos tratamientos lograron disminuir la incidencia al 15, 74% y severidad con 17,90% valores por debajo del tratamiento testigo. Se concluyo que el uso de productos en base de extractos de plantas se observó que pueden ser eficaces y aplicados al cultivo de papa, y asi ayuda a precautelar la salud de la planta contra el tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans).
Uso de fertilización foliar con sulfato de zinc en variedades de Solanum tuberosum L. para incrementar el contenido de zinc en sus tubérculos
(2024-05)
Romero Larrea, Carlos Aníbal
;
Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
In Ecuador, there is a significant deficiency of zinc in the population's diet. One of the strategies to improve the bioavailability of this trace element is the potatoes biofortification. The experimental part of the study was carried out at the Querochaca Campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, located in Cevallos canton. The research used a factorial design (A*B*C), made up of 3 factors: (A) Potato varieties (INIAP-Fripapa and Chaucha roja), (B) Number of applications in foliar fertilization (0, 1, 2 and 3) and Form of foliar application (Manual spray pump and motor spray pump), with a total of 16 treatments and three replicates. In the experiment, the plots of each treatment were 21.6 m2 , in which 30 potato seeds were sown. During data processing, the Statgraphics Centurión XVI statistician was used to find the Analysis of Variance and the Mean Comparison Tests, using Tukey (5%). The results of the research determined T16 (Chaucha roja potato - 3 applications of Zinc sulfate - Motor) as the best treatment, obtaining an increase of 19.4 mg Zn/kg potato bs. (112.14%) with regard to the control treatment. On the other hand, the maximum increase achieved in INIAP-Fripapa was in treatment T8 (INIAP-Fripapa- 3 applications of Zinc sulfate- Motor), with an increase of 5.7 mg Zn/kg potato bs. (30%) respecting to the control. To conclude, the fertilizations that were carried out with Zinc Sulfate during the cultivation of the two potato varieties resulted in an increase in zinc in the tubers, without negatively affecting the weight of harvested tubers/plant, or the yield of tubers/ha.
Influencia del biocarbono sobre la respuesta morfofisiología de vitroplantas de Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola
(2024-02)
Mayorga Romero, Santiago Alberto
;
Munóz Espinosa, Manolo Sebastián
The study addresses the influence of biocarbon in vitroplants of Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola under greenhouse conditions. In a global context of agricultural challenges, biocarbon is presented as a sustainable strategy to improve productivity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biocarbon, derived from organic residues such as teak, improves soil fertility, increases moisture retention and increases cation exchange capacity. The study focuses on the Superchola variety, important in the Ecuadorian diet and economy, with the objective of evaluating how vitroplants respond to teak biocarbon substrates. The research was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato. Based on the results obtained, they revealed that the combination of biocarbon and peat affects the morphophysiological response of vitroplants. Mixtures with a lower proportion of biocarbon showed better results, with Tb1-Bc0 (100% blond peat + 0% biocarbon) standing out. In addition, it was observed that high amounts of biocarbon negatively affect plant growth. Nutrient extraction varied according to substrate combinations, being advisable to optimize the choice of mixtures to promote a favorable morphophysiological response. The importance of monitoring biocarbon use is emphasized and further investigation of its interaction with plant morphology and nutrient extraction is suggested. As we have seen, the study offers guidelines to improve the sustainable production of potatoes, a vital species for food and economy in Ecuador, emphasizing the need for a careful and strategic management of biocarbon. Key words: Biochar, Vitroplants, Morphophysiology, Nutrients and Sustainable production.
Efecto del biocarbono sobre la respuesta morfo-fisiológica de vitroplantas de Solanum tuberosum L. var. Cecilia en invernadero
(2024-02)
Del Castillo Bastidas Danny Fabián
;
Munóz Espinosa, Manolo Sebastián
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of different proportions of biocarbon (Tectopore) and peat as a substrate, on the morpho-physiological response of Solanum tuberosum L. Var vitroplants. Cecilia under greenhouse conditions. For the investigation, a completely randomized design (DCA) was used with 10 repetitions per treatment, integrating one vitroplant for each experimental unit. The treatments that were applied were the following: T1 (100% Tectopore), T2 (80% Tectopore + 20% Peat), T3 (50% Tectopore + 50% Peat), T4 (20% Tectopore + 80% Peat) and T5 (100% Peat). The variables that were analyzed were the survival rate of the plants, the number of shoots present, the number and length of the roots, presence, length and thickness of nodes, as well as the distance between nodes, the leaf area of the leaves, plant height, fresh matter, dry matter, number of mini tubers, weight and diameter of these. Finally, an analysis of the macro- and micronutrient content of the plants was carried out. The research findings determined that the incorporation of biocarbon significantly improved the survival percentage of the vitroplants, as well as the morphological response and nutrient content in them. In particular, T5 demonstrated superior results in the variables studied. In addition to this, variations in micro- and macronutrient concentrations highlighted the positive influence of biochar on the nutritional status of plants, where specific treatments reflected a tendency to meet the needs of certain nutrients. Keywords: biochar, explants, Solanum tuberosum, vitroplants
Aislamiento, caracterización e identificación de bacterias con capacidad fijadora de nitrógeno atmosférico asociadas con la rizosfera de Solanum tuberosum L. Var. Superchola
(2024-02)
Muñoz Muñoz, Kevin Alexis
;
Leiva Mora, Michel
The present research was developed with the purpose of isolating, characterizing and identifying in vitro atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of S. tuberosum var. Superchola; as well as to determine their effect on the growth of potato vitroplants in greenhouses. Isolates were obtained from four localities in the province of Tungurahua, which were culturally and morphologically characterized. The in vitro atmospheric nitrogen fixation capacity was determined using modified Jensen culture medium, and molecular identification was performed by PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes. Finally, the effect of the bacterial isolates on the growth of potato vitroplants in greenhouses was determined. The results showed that in the canton of Píllaro there was the highest quantity of CFU. g-1 of soil (9.08 x 109), in the cultural characterization 87% had smooth texture, 42% flat surface, 82% smooth consistency, 42% circular shape, 84% entire margin and 95% showed brightness. In the morphological characterization of the isolates, 84% were Gram (-) bacteria and 95% were bacilli. The bacterial isolate with the highest atmospheric nitrogen-fixing potential was CC-FCAGP-BFN1 and the one with the lowest potential was CC-FCAGP-BFN15. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes identified the strains Pseudomonas sp. (CC-FCAGP-BFN1, CC-FCAGP-BFN16), CC-FCAGP-BFN14) and Paraburkholderia dipogonis (CC-FCAGP-BFN24), which showed a high capacity for atmospheric nitrogen fixation. Likewise, the bacterial strain CC-FCAGP-BFN1 (Pseudomonas sp.) was the only one that increased leaf area, fresh and dry mass and leaf area index of S. tuberosum vitroplants. Based on the above results, four bacterial strains were identified from the rhizosphere of S. tuberosum, one of which was the most promising for favoring vegetative growth due to its high capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
Aislamiento, caracterización e identificación de rizobacterias de Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola con capacidad de solubilizar fosfatos.
(2024-02)
Ati Tamayo, Juan David
;
Leiva Mora, Michel
Evaluación del efecto de fertilización con dos fuentes de calcio en el rendimiento de la papa (Solanum tuberosum)
(2023-12)
Valenzuela Coba, Katherine Gabriela
;
Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
The potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth largest food crop worldwide and in Ecuador it is considered one of the main foods for families in the Ecuadorian Sierra area. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with two sources of calcium on the yield of the Super Chola variety potato. In the experiment, two sources of calcium (Calcium Nitrate and Calcium Sulfate) and their effect on plant height, fresh and dry weight of tubers, yield and calcium content in the peel of potato tubers were evaluated. Plant height was measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, while the rest of the variables were evaluated at the time of harvest. At 30 and 90 days after, the highest height was reached by potato plants fertilized with calcium nitrate, followed by plants treated with calcium sulfate. Regarding the weight of the tubers, no significant differences were observed due to the effect of the calcium source applied, but the plants treated with calcium nitrate produced tubers with a higher fresh weight (86.7 g), followed by those obtained from plants treated with sulfate. of calcium (77.8 g). Although the yield of the Super Chola variety potato plants was not significantly affected by the calcium source used, both sources caused greater yield when compared to the control treatment plants. The calcium content in the peel of potato tubers varied with the treatment, being higher in tubers obtained from plants treated with calcium nitrate and sulfate, reaching values of 0.201 and 0.197%, respectively. The yield and calcium content were improved by the use of calcium as sources of additional fertilization to NPK-based fertilizers, which is why its inclusion in fertilization programs is recommended.
Microtuberización in vitro de Solanum tuberosum var. Superchola y Cecilia
(2023-03)
Tipantasig Chango, Lisseth Abigail
;
Leiva Mora, Michel
In vitro microtuberization has become an alternative to produce certified seed to combat the use of conventional seed-tubers and avoid the phytosanitary problems that their use entails. The present investigation was developed with the purpose of evaluating certain factors that influence the establishment and microtuberization in vitro of nodal segments of Solanum tuberosum L. Var Superchola and Cecilia such as: different concentrations of agar and the effect of culture media (MS and MSG). In vitro microtuberization, the following factors were analyzed: effect of nitrate source, sucrose concentrations, lighting conditions, type of auxin, type of cytokinin and their concentrations. A completely randomized design was used in each experiment. It was determined that by adding 6 g.L1 of agar the highest number of nodes and number of leaves was reached for the Cecilia variety, on the other hand, the greatest length per plant was obtained in the Superchola variety with said concentration. The nodal segments were well established in the MS medium and MSG in the Var. Superchola and Cecilia. In the in vitro microtuberization phase, Ammonium Nitrate and Potassium Nitrate did not influence the formation of microtubers. The sucrose concentrations of 70, 80 and 90 g.L-1 increased the diameter, fresh mass, dry mass and number of buds of the microtubers, on the other hand, in the Superchola variety the formation of microtubers did not occur. The lighting conditions used did not influence microtuberization in the Var. Superchola and Cecilia. The presence of auxins (ANA, AIA and AIB) and their concentrations did not influence the formation of microtubers. 6-BAP (0,8 mg.L-1 ) increased the number of microtubers, diameter, dry mass, fresh mass, number of buds and microtuber length for the Cecilia variety, while when using 0,6 mg. L-1 of 6-BAP increased the value in the aforementioned variables. On the other hand, the TDZ (0,06 mg.L-1 ) increased the value of the variables analyzed for the Superchola variety, on the other hand, there were no microtubers in the Cecilia variety. The 2iP did not influence the development of potato microtubers Var. Superchola and Cecilia.
Evaluación de tres extractos vegetales en dos estados inmaduros de psílido de la papa (Bactericera cockerelli)
(2020-09)
Chipantiza Cunalata, Jessica Veronica
;
Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
The effect of different doses of ethanol extracts of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum), nettle (Urtica dioica) and white cabuya (Furcraea andina) were evaluated on mortality and survival of two immature stages of potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc). Study was carried out under in vitro conditions in the Soil Laboratory of Public Service and Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. The lethal effect was evaluated in relation to eggs and nymphs mortality caused by each plant extract applied in doses of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4% (w/v) (weight of solute / volume of solution) which were applied by immersion in the case of eggs, while which was applied to the nymphs by spraying. Additionally, the sublethal effect was measured, based on the longevity of the surviving individuals, from 96 to 192 h after application. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with an arrangement of treatments in Divided Plots, with the main plot represented by the three types of extracts and the subplot the dose. The best results were obtained with the application of chili and nettle extracts at 1 and 4%, which caused the highest mortality rate and the lowest survival rate in eggs and nymphs. Nettle and chili extracts caused mortality of 31 and 25.7% with doses greater than 1% at 72 and 96 h in the two immature stages of B. cockerelli, which were higher than the mortality observed with white cabuya extract (<15%). In relation to the sublethal effect, the chili pepper extract showed a negative linear response in which both the viability of the eggs and the survival of the nymphs were decreasing as the concentration increased, being the most noticeable effect on the eggs whose viability was reduced to 78.4 and 84.5% with concentrations of 1 and 4%, respectively at the end of the evaluation period, while nymph survival was 63 and 65% with doses of 1 and 4%. Similar results were observed with nettle extract. The results obtained suggest the use of chili and nettle extracts for the management of potato psyllid populations.
Evaluación de inductores de brotación en tipos de almacenaje de semilla de papa INIAP-Suprema
(2020-08)
Zarabia Palango, Lida Soraya
;
Curay Quispe, Segundo
The present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating budding inducers in the different storage management of potato seed to obtain a greater number of buds of optimum quality, the inducers that are used Agrostemin, Cytokin, Meristemroot, Rooting and in another treatment the inductor was not used; In addition to the storage used and studied were thin bags, drawers and greenhouse. The development of the research and data collection are located in Santa Ana, Salcedo, Cotopaxi Province. For the evaluation of the treatments before the sowing it is the experimental design of divided plots (DPD), and for the post-sowing treatments it is the experimental design of completely random blocks (DBCA), in the factorial arrangement of 3 x 4 + 1, with three repetitions, and the analysis of the variance (ADEVA), according to the experimental design, and Tukey's significance tests at 5%, to differentiate between treatments, the variables before planting were the number, length and diameter of the outbreak; and the number of true stems, days after emergence, were variable after sowing. The results indicated that before the sowing the treatment M1I4 (Ralos sacks and Rooting) is an excellent form of potato seed tubers, the product with the application of the inductor of "Rooting", this presented an average of 2.53 units in the variable number of shoots, 10.4 mm and 5.33 mm in the length and diameter of the outbreak respectively, surpassing other evaluated treatments; Proving that this storage presents an adequate environment with optimal ventilation, temperature and humidity. After sowing between the studied parameters, there was no significant difference.

Ciencias Agropecuarias

Examinar

Filtros

Ajustes

Ordenar por

resultados por página

Resultados de la búsqueda