Ciencias Agropecuarias

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870

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Evaluación del efecto de la aplicación de nematicidas en el cultivo en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) bajo condiciones controladas realizado en la parroquia Izamba del cantón Ambato
(2026-01)
Ibarra Masapuncho, Anahí Estefanía
;
Velástegui Espín, Giovanny Patricio
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a significant part of the agricultural sector, considered one of the most important crops worldwide due to its high supply and demand, a result of its popularity in consumers' daily diets. Nematode infestation in the crop causes root galls and hypertrophy. This problem leads to consequences such as impaired nutrient transport and water absorption, resulting in chlorosis, a stunted vegetative growth that reduces yield and productivity. This study was conducted using a completely randomized block design (CRD) in a 2x3+1 factorial arrangement with 3 replicates. The objective was to evaluate the effect of applying two nematicides to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under controlled conditions and to determine the most appropriate application frequency. The application of Microcat Gold treatments at frequencies of 7, 14, and 21 days resulted in a significant decrease in nematode infestation. Plants went from having moderately sized galls, root affected, causing economic damage, to plants with very small or very slight galls. Treatments with Nemagro at all three frequencies also showed a decrease in infestation, from plants with large and numerous galls, more than half of the root affected, to plants with mostly small galls. The control group remained unchanged, with large and numerous galls, more than half of the root affected. It was concluded that nematode populations decreased with the application of Microcat Gold and Nemagro due to their nematicidal properties and their root-strengthening effect, resulting in better average values for the studied variables in these treatments. It was determined that in the nematicide treatments, damage was less at the end of the experiment, with the damage scale corresponding to the presence of very slight or small galls. Nematicide applications every 7 and 14 days yielded better results, indicating less infestation in plants that received applications at those intervals.
Evaluación de las semillas de la Carica papaya como antiparasitario contra protozoarios y nematodos y su efecto en los parámetros productivos en Cavia porcellus en la etapa de engorde
(2025-08)
Huertas Lema, David Isaias
;
Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón Gonzalo
Currently, guinea pig meat production has grown in recent years, causing its demand both at an industrial and home level to increase, finding a common problem in the cuyicult centers with respect to the correct treatment of parasitic diseases, generating a poor knowledge of medical tools and their use cause the animal to develop parasitic resistance over time. It has been shown that the replacement of a commercial dewormer with a natural dewormer can become effective and avoid the well-known parasitic resistance, where one of these natural products are papaya seeds, which have an enzyme called papain, which has an effect on fighting these gastrointestinal parasites, having an additional contribution to the productive parameters of the guinea pig, since unlike the commercial product, the seeds have several nutritional contributions. Up to 3-4% of papain has been found in the seeds, which can combat several common parasites in the guinea pig such as protozoans (Eimeria Caviae) and nematodes (Paraspidodera Uncinata, Trichuris sp, Passarulus sp, Trichostrongylus colubriformes), due to its antiprotozoal and anthelmintic effect, it also has a basctericidal, fungicidal and hepatoprotective effect. In the following study, three different doses of papaya seeds were applied to a specific study group, having doses of 2 g, 7 g and 12 g, two groups were compared, one without any dewormer and the other with a commercial dewormer. This showed that papaya seed treatments can be highly effective in antiparasitic treatment, even better than a commercial dewormer
Efecto del paico (Chenopodium ambrosoides) en el control de nematodos en caninos (Canis lupus familiaris)
(2025-02)
Freire Silva Marco Antonio
;
Borja Caicedo Byron Enrique
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of Paico (Dysphania ambrosoides) 500 mg tablets in canines (Canis lupus familiaris). Forty-eight dogs from the Patitas Nobles Foundation, located in Ambato, were used, distributed in four sections with three blocks in each section, and four canines per block. The animals received Paico 500 mg tablets, administered in a single dose of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg. Coprological examinations were performed using the Willis direct single flotation technique to identify parasites and egg counts present in fecal samples using the McMaster chamber. The examinations were performed before treatment and 7 days after tablet administration. Two parasite species were identified: Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis. The results showed that the effectiveness of treatment with Paico tablets increased with the dose administered, reaching a reduction of 39.65 % for T. canis and 49.62 % for T. vulpis with the 20 mg/kg dose. These results suggest that Paico tablets at higher doses may be a promising option for the control of intestinal parasites in canines, although further studies are required to optimize the doses and administration regimen.
Factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades causadas por nematodos y cestodos endoparásitos en cerdos en el Centro de Faenamiento Pelileo
(2024-10)
Lascano Gualpa, Rosa Obdulia
;
Almeida Secaira, Roberto Ismael
Incidence of internal parasites affects pig production, which not only causes significant economic losses in livestock production worldwide, but also implies a risk to the health of people involved in this type of industry and consumers of meat. of pork. Thus, the present study was carried out in order to analyze the risk factors associated with diseases caused by endoparasite nematodes and cestodes in pigs at the Pelileo Slaughter Center during the period 2023-2024. Diagnosis of parasite species was carried out following the procedures established by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries with its attached entity AGROCALIDAD (Agency for Phyto and Zoosanitary Regulation and Control). The species were found: Ascaris sp. and Hyostrongylus sp. (Nematoda) and larval phase of Cisticercus tenuicollis and the hydatidic cyst (Cestoda) mainly associated with the liver of pigs. The highest prevalence was observed for Ascaris sp. infections (21.07%) followed by larvae of Echinococcus granulosus (19.73%) and Hyostrongylus sp. (5.87%), while double Ascaris-Hyostrongylus infections were relatively low (1.33%) as well as infections by hydatidic cysts (1.07%). Regarding risk factors, it was found that age was associated with the prevalence of parasites, being higher in pigs less than 1 year old. Regarding the location within the host, parasites were mainly found in organs that make up part of its biological cycle. On the other hand, no association was found with the sex of the host. According to the results, the prevalence of Ascaris and metacestods of Echinococcus seems to be related to herd management factors, however, this aspect requires investigation.
Prevalencia de nematodos gastrointestinales en bovinos faenados en el Camal Municipal de Lago Agrio
(2023-09)
Salazar Quishpe, Edgar Javier
;
Borja Caicedo, Byron Enrique
The present investigation was carried out in the Municipal Camal of Lago Agrio with the purpose of establishing the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in slaughtered cattle and the economic impact due to the confiscation of viscera, the flow of animals was taken into account for 8 weeks to determine a estimated population and generate a total sampling of 445 samples; 206 in males and 239 in females by means of a qualitative stool analysis, a detailed inspection of the white viscera was carried out in search of macroscopic alterations at the intestinal level, which were the presence of nodules, ischemic areas and necrosis, causing the confiscation of the white viscera. Except for the rumen, a total of 36 seizures were made in males and 53 in females for a total of 89 seizures between intestines and omasum, which are purchased by dealers in the slaughterhouse at a price of $10 per unit, which gives a total of losses. of $890 US dollars from the total sampled population. Regarding the samples, around 50% of the bovine daily population of the Municipal Camal was taken for their respective analysis, these were taken postmortem directly from the viscera previously identified, they were transported in a cooler at a temperature of 4 to 8 °C for be analyzed in the laboratory of the "San Francisco" veterinary clinic located in the Lago Agrio canton, for which the flotation technique with saline solution was used for the microscopic observation of eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes and to determine the prevalence of the population total and by sex to obtain 68.31% of positive samples; in males a prevalence of 66.82% was reported and in females 69.82 positive to gastrointestinal nematodes in the larval stage or eggs. It was stipulated that the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes in the canton is due to factors such as inefficient sanitary plans, high contamination by these agents in pastures, non-rotation of animals, and the continuous introduction of animals without the corresponding sanitary measures.
Evaluación de tres patrones con resistencia a nematodos en tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) Var. Eterei
(2022-03)
Andrade Llambo, Bryan Daniel
;
Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
The present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating three patterns: Olimpo, Monarca and Briomino to resistance to nematodes for the kidney tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the same that was carried out in the Chiquicha parish, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province, Located at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level, with geographic coordinates of 1 ° 16 '0 "S South Latitude and 78 ° 31' 60" W West Longitude. The present research work was arranged in a randomized block design (DBA), with a factorial arrangement of 3 + 1 with four repetitions. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then the data were examined using the 5% Tukey significance tests. In order to acquire the information, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used, with comparison tests of Tukey's mean at 5%, and using the statistical program Infostat. For the number of nematodes, the treatment P3 (Briomino Pattern) is located in the first place with an average of 48 nematodes in 20 ml of sample, located in the range A. The same treatment stands out for plant height in centimeters, being located in the First place with an average of 191 centimeters in height, ranking in rank A. The same pattern stands out in stem diameter in centimeters, ranking first with an average of 2.72 centimeters in diameter, occupying rank A. On the other hand On the other hand, for the number of fruits, P1 (Olimpo Pattern) is located in the first place with an average of 4.03 fruits, occupying the rank A, it also occurs in fruit weight with an average of 654.23 grams of fruit weight. Finally, for the root volume variable, P3 (Briomino Pattern) stands out again, placing it in range A with a mean of 90.13 ml. In conclusion, the best pattern for nematode control is P3 (Briomino Pattern), but the use of P1 (Olympus Pattern) is recommended, since nematode control is also outstanding, but mainly because the productivity values of tomato are better than the other patterns discussed

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