Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Predicción de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón simple usando el modelo Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-07-05) Mosquera Merchán Karen Alexandra; Viscaíno Cuzco Mayra Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThis study developed a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model to predict the 28-day compressive strength of plain concrete, as an alternative to traditional experimental methods that require laboratory testing. A database of 282 concrete mixes was compiled from research published in national university repositories, consisting of a set of 25 predictor variables for model construction. Five LASSO models with different sets of predictors were proposed, distinguishing between models with original input variables and models based on ratio-type variables. The five models were trained using K-fold cross-validation with K=3 to select the optimal regularization parameter λ. The LASSO-3 model, consisting of 25 predictor variables with a logarithmic transformation applied to the curing age, achieved the best performance with R²=0.720, RMSE=29.530 kg/cm², and MAPE=10.454%, demonstrating that the original variables capture the information better than ratio-type variables in a regularized linear regression model. During the evaluation with new mixtures, the model showed greater accuracy at average strengths of 240 kg/cm² with an RMSE of 11.545 kg/cm² and an MAPE of 2.944%, and limitations due to overestimation and underestimation at the extremes of the evaluated range (210 and 300 kg/cm2 ), a behavior inherent to linear models and a possible lack of representative data in those ranges. The results obtained demonstrate the viability of the LASSO model as a predictive tool for the design of plain concrete mixtures with normal strengths.Item Análisis De La Resistencia A La Compresión De La Muestra Original Del Hormigón Simple E Incluyendo La Ceniza Cáscara De Arroz Como Sustituto Parcial Del Agregado Fino(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-06-29) Claudio Tonato Erika Nayeli; Ortiz Montero Santiago Andrés; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThis study evaluated the compressive strength of plain concrete through the partial substitution of fine aggregate with rice husk ash (RHA), to determine its technical viability as a sustainable alternative in construction. The research followed a quantitative experimental approach structured in three phases: first, the physical and chemical characterization of materials; second, the fabrication of cylindrical specimens (100 mm × 200 mm); and third, the mechanical evaluation under compression. A total of 36 specimens were prepared across four groups with RHA substitution levels of 0%, 3% (0.04 kg), 5% (0.06 kg), and 7% (0.09 kg), tested at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. Mix design followed the ACI 211.1 method, with a design strength of f'c = 210 kg/cm². X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that silicon is the predominant element in RHA at 43.88%, verifying its pozzolanic potential. Water absorption was measured at 15.52%, which required a correction in the mixing water to maintain a constant waterto-cement ratio of w/c = 0.57. At 28 days, the mixes with 3% and 5% RHA exceeded the reference concrete, with compressive strength increases of 3.10% and 4.32%, respectively. The 5% substitution level achieved the highest compressive strength at 278.86 kg/cm², establishing it as the optimal proportion. The 7% mix showed a 5.36% reduction relative to the control. It is concluded that 5% substitution is technically viable and supports the valorization of agro-industrial waste, although its implementation requires prior calcination and sieving processes.Item Evaluación y comparación de la resistencia entre una muestra original de bloque y una muestra combinada con material triturado de neumático, utilizado para la mampostería(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-29) Guanoluisa Almachi Morelia Lizeth; Goyes Balladares Andrea Cristina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThis research evaluates the incorporation of recycled rubber from end-of-life tires in the manufacture of concrete blocks, with the aim of analyzing their physical and mechanical behavior and providing sustainable alternatives for construction. This initiative arises from the growing environmental problem generated by the accumulation of discarded tires and the need to integrate them into construction materials to promote a circular economy. To this end, blocks were produced with five percentages of rubber replacement of the fine aggregate: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 120%. All specimens were subjected to tests following the procedures established in the applicable NTE INEN and ASTM standards. Properties such as dry mass, saturated mass, submerged mass, displacement volume, density, absorption, and open porosity were determined. Finally, the compressive strength of the net area was tested at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that conventional 0% rubber blocks achieved a strength of 1.96 MPa at 7 days, 2.37 MPa at 14 days, and MPa at 28 days. In comparison, the blocks with added rubber show a progressive decrease in strength: • 5% → 1.99 MPa (7d), 1.99 MPa (14d), 4.89 MPa (28d) • 10% → 1.52 MPa (7d), 1.77 MPa (14d), 4.48 MPa (28d) • 15% → 1.42 MPa (7d), 1.65 MPa (14d), 4.00 MPa (28d) • 20% → 1.04 MPa (7d), 1.56 MPa (14d), 3.84 MPa (28d) Despite this reduction, the added rubber provided significant benefits such as reduced weight, greater energy absorption, and improved impact resistance—favorable characteristics for non-structural elements. It was also verified that the appropriate water/cement ratio significantly influences the final quantity of the block, with the 28-day values being the most representative of the actual performance.Item Análisis experimental del uso de agua potable y agua de mar de pedernales, provincia de Manabí en la mezcla de hormigón para determinar su influencia en la resistencia a compresión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-20) Vargas Vilca Rebeca Stefany; Pérez Maldonado Ruth Lorena; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe present experimental work analyzes the influence of using seawater from Pedernales as an alternative to potable water in concrete production, specifically evaluating its effect on compressive strength for two design strengths: 210 kg/cm² and 240 kg/cm². The research was carried out through the manufacturing of cylindrical specimens, cured and tested at 7 and 28 days, considering the impact of chlorides and dissolved salts present in seawater on the mechanical behavior of the material. The tests performed show that at 7 days, the mixtures prepared with seawater exhibit a slight increase in initial strength, attributable to the possible accelerating effect of chloride ions during the early stages of cement hydration. However, at 28 days— the critical age for structural evaluation— a significant decrease in compressive strength was recorded, with losses ranging between approximately 10% and 13%, compared to mixtures prepared with potable water. These results indicate that although seawater may enhance initial setting and early strength development, it does not allow the concrete to reach the required final strength, affecting its microstructure and limiting its use in structural elements. Consequently, the use of seawater as mixing water is not recommended for structural concrete due to the observed reduction in strength and the potential risk of long-term deterioration. Nevertheless, its use could be considered in non-structural applications or in scenarios where water resources are scarce, always under strict technical criteria. This study highlights the importance of evaluating sustainable alternatives in concrete production, demonstrating that the choice of mixing water has a direct and decisive impact on the mechanical properties of the material.Item Predicción de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple de resistencias normales usando Redes Neuronales Artificiales Feed Forward(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-16) Sánchez Guanotasig Denis Stiven; Viscaíno Cuzco Mayra Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe purpose of this experimental work was to develop a predictive model capable of estimating the compressive strength of plain concrete with normal strengths using feed-forward artificial neural networks. The research is based on the need for alternatives to traditional destructive testing methods, which require lengthy periods to obtain reliable results. To address this problem, the construction of an efficient predictive model was proposed, trained with physical and mechanical variables of materials commonly used in concrete production. The methodology was developed in three main phases: data collection and cleaning, selection of representative variables, design of neural network architectures, and evaluation of the performance of different models using statistical metrics. For this purpose, four datasets were constructed based on characteristics such as aggregate fineness, loose and compacted densities, moisture and absorption percentages, slump, nominal maximum size, and optimum mix properties. Subsequently, various combinations of activation functions (tanh, sigmoid, relu, and identity) and configurations with different numbers of hidden layers were implemented to identify the best balance between computational complexity and predictive capacity. Among the ten models evaluated, the RNA-FF-Comb.9 configuration was selected as the final model. This configuration consists of nine hidden layers, with the tanh function in the input layer, sigmoid in the hidden layers, and identity in the output layer. This model exhibited superior performance compared to previous studies and the other architectures tested, achieving significant metrics: R² = 0.89, MSE = 235.40 (kg/cm²)², MAE = 11.16 kg/cm², and MAPE = 5.26%, demonstrating good accuracy in predicting f’c. Furthermore, when using databases segmented by curing ages (7, 14, and 28 days), outstanding values were obtained at 7 days (MAPE = 5.10%), although a considerable increase in error was observed at 14 days (MAPE = 39.54%), attributable to the low representativeness of available data for that age. The results obtained demonstrate that the RNA-FF-Comb.9 model is an effective tool, capable of reliably predicting the compressive strength of concrete based on physical and mechanical variables of previously characterized materials. Its implementation in the construction field would allow for optimized analysis times, reduced destructive testing, and improved decision-making during concrete design and quality control.Item Análisis experimental del uso de agua potable y agua de acequia del sector el Galpón ubicado en Quisapincha perteneciente al cantón Ambato, provincia Tungurahua en la mezcla de hormigón para determinar la influencia en la resistencia a compresión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-14) Estrella Riera Karol Antonella; Pérez Maldonado Ruth Lorena; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThis experimental study investigates how the use of irrigation water from the El Galpón sector, located in the Quisapinçha parish of the Ambato canton, can serve as an alternative to potable water for the production of conventional concrete. The study focused on how the type of water used affects compressive strength, considering two different mixes with design strengths of f’c = 240 kg/cm² and f’c = 210 kg/cm². For this purpose, cylindrical concrete specimens were prepared, cured, and tested at 7 and 28 days. This methodology complies with the Ecuadorian technical standard NTE INEN 1573, which regulates this type of test. Tests indicate that samples made with potable water exhibited superior mechanical performance, achieving average compressive strengths of 299.12 kg/cm² and 262.07 kg/cm² at 28 days for the 240 kg/cm² and 210 kg/cm² mixtures, respectively. These results significantly exceeded the design specifications. Conversely, mixtures using irrigation ditch water reached 170.63 kg/cm² and 205.27 kg/cm² after 28 days. This represents a decrease of approximately 23.75% and 7.25% compared to the mixtures made with potable water, demonstrating a significant reduction in final strength and non-compliance with minimum regulatory requirements. The results indicate that, while irrigation ditch water allows for a mixture with a suitable appearance and satisfactory initial setting, it does not guarantee the final strength required for structural components. This compromises the safety and durability of structures. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of irrigation wastewater for structural concrete is not recommended; it can only be used for non-structural purposes and under strict technical control. This analysis emphasizes the importance of examining the quality of water used in concrete production, as it confirms that this component has a direct impact on the material's mechanical properties and the structural reliability of buildings.Item Evaluación de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas para la elaboración de concreto con la adición de ceniza de la fibra de cáscara de papa(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Morocho Chunga Erik Fabián; Ureña Aguirre Maritza ElizabethThe purpose of this experimental work was to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of normal-strength concrete mixes in which the fine aggregate was partially replaced by ash obtained from potato peel fiber. This proposal was born as a sustainable alternative to the reduction of natural resources, specifically fine aggregates, and at the same time it seeks to give a productive use to agroindustrial waste that is commonly discarded without control, affecting the environment. To carry out this research, three stages were planned. In the first stage, potato peels were collected from local food establishments, which were subjected to a drying and pulverization process and then to a thermal treatment by pyrolysis to obtain the ash. In the second phase, concrete mixtures were prepared in which the fine aggregate was replaced by ash in percentages of 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%, in addition to a standard mixture without any type of additive. Finally, in the third phase, compressive strength tests were carried out at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing, based on NTE INEN and ACI standards. The results obtained showed that the incorporation of potato peel ash significantly improved the compressive strength of the concrete compared to the traditional mix. The highest strength was recorded in the dosage with 5 % ash, reaching 252.64 kg/cm² at 28 days of curing, surpassing the standard concrete, which achieved 241.36 kg/cm². The mix with 2.5 % ash also showed an improvement, reaching 247.12 kg/cm², while the dosage with 7.5 % ash showed a slight decrease, obtaining 243.18 kg/cm². These results confirm that, when used in adequate proportions and with better temperature control, this type of admixture can contribute to optimize the mechanical properties of concrete. In conclusion, it was determined that potato peel ash, used as a pozzolanic admixture, is a viable option for the manufacture of normal-strength concrete. In addition to improving the performance of the material, it allows the reuse of organic wastes and contributes to environmental sustainability, which represents a practical and responsible alternative for the construction sectorItem Resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple fabricado con agregado fino proveniente de hormigones reciclados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Salinas Freire, Bryan Paúl; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe integration of recycled materials in the manufacture of concrete is presented as a viable alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of the construction industry. In this study, we seek to determine the optimal percentage of substitution of recycled fine aggregate in concrete in place of natural fine aggregate, focus ing on evaluating its impact on compressive strength. The recycled material was obtained from a crushing process of laboratory specimens, sidewalk debris and curbs; both recycled aggregate and natural aggregates were subjected to analysis according to INEN standards, then the design of concrete dosages of 210 kg/cm2 and 240 kg/cm2 was carried out using the Optimal Density Method developed by the Central University of Ecuador. Subsequently, reference specimens were prepared using natural materials to compare their resistance with specimens in which the natural fine aggregate was replaced by recycled fine aggregate in percentages of 10, 15, 30, 30, 60 and 100 percent. The results show that there is a decrease in the compressive strength as the percentage of recycled fine aggregate increases. However, it is observed that replacement percentages of 10 to 30 percent can provide acceptable compressive strengths. This highli ghts the potential of recycled materials for concrete manufacturing as a promising solution to reduce environmental impact, provided that their limitations are considered.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón con adición de virutas metálicas y un hormigón con materiales tradicionales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Acosta Villacres, Edwin Manuel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThe purpose of this experimental work is to offer an alternative to commercial products in which it seeks to verify if metal chips can be used in a mixture to enhance the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete, in order to take advantage of those generated in some workshops. of turning in Ambato. Two dosages of compressive strength = 240 and 280 kg/cm2 were carried out, where percentage of metal chips were added in 5, 10 and 15 percent, specific tests of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement were carried out, in addition The determination of the real density of these for the selection of the chip was based on investigative background which were spring-shaped chips of 5 cm in length, the analysis of the mechanical resistance of the concrete was carried out at 7, 14 and 28 days based on the NTE INEN 1573 standard The results were compared between the concrete of the standard specimens and the specimens with metal shavings in the percentages already mentioned, they showed an improvement in the dosage of 280 kg/cm2 that incorporated 5 percent, increasing its resistance by 113.46 percent, for the dosage of 240 kg/cm2 there was no increase, but the resistance was maintained within the permitted ranges, however for the percentages of 10 and 15 percent of metal chips in both dosages its resistance decreased, obtaining a very weak concrete.Item Análisis comparativo del hormigón simple y el hormigón con fibras de caucho reciclado de neumáticos como reemplazo parcial del agregado fino y su influencia en la resistencia a la compresión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) León Merino, Alexis Sebastián; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethFor many years the disposal of tires has been an issue that affects the world because it is one of the most difficult materials to degrade, so it is harmful to the environment. This project focuses on the use of concrete made with recycled rubber fibers as a contribution to the environment, where tests were carried out to demonstrate the increase in compressive strength. It began by subjecting the simple concrete and those containing the replacement of 5 and 10 percent of recycled rubber particles with a size of 2 to 4mm, to compression tests at the age of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, where the resistance of the simple concrete reached a maximum value of 216.71 kg/cm2, while the group with replacement of 5 and 10 percent of rubber only achieved a resistance of 164.71 and 153.87 kg/cm2 respectively, with the group with replacement of 5 and 10 percent of rubber only achieved a resistance of 164.71 and 153.87 kg/cm2 respectively. 87 kg/cm2 respectively, thus reflecting that it did not have a higher resistance than the simple concrete, for which an extra experimental group was added that conserved the dosage of the simple concrete and added rubber fibers at 5 and 10 percent plus a plasticizing additive at 2 percent, where values of 227.16 kg/cm2 at 5 percent and 220.62 kg/cm2 at 10 percent were obtained, thus demonstrating a significant increase in resistance.