Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.RESISTENCIA A LA COMPRESIÓN

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    Resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple fabricado con agregado fino proveniente de hormigones reciclados
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Salinas Freire, Bryan Paúl; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    The integration of recycled materials in the manufacture of concrete is presented as a viable alternative to mitigate the environmental impact of the construction industry. In this study, we seek to determine the optimal percentage of substitution of recycled fine aggregate in concrete in place of natural fine aggregate, focus ing on evaluating its impact on compressive strength. The recycled material was obtained from a crushing process of laboratory specimens, sidewalk debris and curbs; both recycled aggregate and natural aggregates were subjected to analysis according to INEN standards, then the design of concrete dosages of 210 kg/cm2 and 240 kg/cm2 was carried out using the Optimal Density Method developed by the Central University of Ecuador. Subsequently, reference specimens were prepared using natural materials to compare their resistance with specimens in which the natural fine aggregate was replaced by recycled fine aggregate in percentages of 10, 15, 30, 30, 60 and 100 percent. The results show that there is a decrease in the compressive strength as the percentage of recycled fine aggregate increases. However, it is observed that replacement percentages of 10 to 30 percent can provide acceptable compressive strengths. This highli ghts the potential of recycled materials for concrete manufacturing as a promising solution to reduce environmental impact, provided that their limitations are considered.
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    Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón con adición de virutas metálicas y un hormigón con materiales tradicionales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Acosta Villacres, Edwin Manuel; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    The purpose of this experimental work is to offer an alternative to commercial products in which it seeks to verify if metal chips can be used in a mixture to enhance the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete, in order to take advantage of those generated in some workshops. of turning in Ambato. Two dosages of compressive strength = 240 and 280 kg/cm2 were carried out, where percentage of metal chips were added in 5, 10 and 15 percent, specific tests of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement were carried out, in addition The determination of the real density of these for the selection of the chip was based on investigative background which were spring-shaped chips of 5 cm in length, the analysis of the mechanical resistance of the concrete was carried out at 7, 14 and 28 days based on the NTE INEN 1573 standard The results were compared between the concrete of the standard specimens and the specimens with metal shavings in the percentages already mentioned, they showed an improvement in the dosage of 280 kg/cm2 that incorporated 5 percent, increasing its resistance by 113.46 percent, for the dosage of 240 kg/cm2 there was no increase, but the resistance was maintained within the permitted ranges, however for the percentages of 10 and 15 percent of metal chips in both dosages its resistance decreased, obtaining a very weak concrete.
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    Análisis comparativo del hormigón simple y el hormigón con fibras de caucho reciclado de neumáticos como reemplazo parcial del agregado fino y su influencia en la resistencia a la compresión
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) León Merino, Alexis Sebastián; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza Elizabeth
    For many years the disposal of tires has been an issue that affects the world because it is one of the most difficult materials to degrade, so it is harmful to the environment. This project focuses on the use of concrete made with recycled rubber fibers as a contribution to the environment, where tests were carried out to demonstrate the increase in compressive strength. It began by subjecting the simple concrete and those containing the replacement of 5 and 10 percent of recycled rubber particles with a size of 2 to 4mm, to compression tests at the age of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, where the resistance of the simple concrete reached a maximum value of 216.71 kg/cm2, while the group with replacement of 5 and 10 percent of rubber only achieved a resistance of 164.71 and 153.87 kg/cm2 respectively, with the group with replacement of 5 and 10 percent of rubber only achieved a resistance of 164.71 and 153.87 kg/cm2 respectively. 87 kg/cm2 respectively, thus reflecting that it did not have a higher resistance than the simple concrete, for which an extra experimental group was added that conserved the dosage of the simple concrete and added rubber fibers at 5 and 10 percent plus a plasticizing additive at 2 percent, where values of 227.16 kg/cm2 at 5 percent and 220.62 kg/cm2 at 10 percent were obtained, thus demonstrating a significant increase in resistance.
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    Estudio del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión fabricado con materiales de las minas: mora ubicada en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua y Cantera Volcán ubicada en el cantón Baños provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Masaquiza Páez, Nathaly Michelle; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    It is necessary for the calculator to be able to know with certainty the value of the modulus of elasticity of the concrete that has to be elaborated with the materials of the area, the selected mines, provide in great quantity the stone aggregate used in the construction in the province of Tungurahua, Therefore, defining the modulus of elasticity of the concrete made with these aggregates is a great contribution to society, since the values obtained represent a reliable and safe source. The characterization tests of the aggregates allowed to adapt an appropriate and personalized dosage by means of the optimal density method, in the elaboration of cylindrical test specimens for resistances of 210 and 280 kg/square centimeters at 28 days of age according to the ASTM C-469 standard. Based on the previous results, the ka and kb factors were determined for light and normal weight concrete, respectively, values that vary significantly from those proposed by the A.C.I. 318 and A.C.I. 363. These new values will be used to calculate a real modulus of static elasticity of concrete, which will ultimately be reflected in the optimization and reduction of uncertainties in the design of structures to be built with the two mines.
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    Estudio comparativo de la resistencia a flexión de vigas convencionales con vigas reforzadas con resina poliester liquida
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020-10) Chugchilan Chimborazo, Nelson Hermógenes; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos Patricio
    The present research work consists of working with different conventional concretes and replacing the fine aggregate materials and water with similar amounts of liquid polyester resin. Then, it is expected that with these new polymer concretes the flexural strength will increase. In order to establish the dosages of conventional concrete, the A.C.I. method was used, additionally it was corroborated with laboratory tests for each of the stony materials, the tests carried out were: granulometry test, apparent density, compacted and loose, real density, capacity absorption, real density of the cement and the concrete slump test. With the specimens the compression test was carried out at 7, 14 and 21 days after curing, thus obtaining the strengths of 210, 240 and 280 kilograms per square centimeter. In addition, the resin helps conventional concrete to improve its chemical and mechanical properties, thus forming polymeric concrete. After that, with the new concrete obtained, the flexural strength test was carried out with a load applied to thirds of the span in each of the manufactured beams. Finally, using the Mander and Park method, the calculation of the MomentCurvature diagram of each beam of both normal and polymeric concrete was carried out, to perform an analysis of each of the curves obtained and establish that there is an increase in resistance to the flexion when working with resin since the modulus of rupture is higher compared to that of the other specimens.
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    Análisis del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón estructural en base a su resistencia a la compresión, fabricado con materiales de las minas Trópico de Capricornio y Santa Isabel, ubicadas en el sector El Barranco cantón Mera en la provincia de Pastaza
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020-09) Flores Medina, Pablo Xavier; Medina Robalino, Wilson Santiago
    The present experimental work began with the sampling of the aggregates of the two mines, following the guidelines of INEN 695 and their subsequent reduction to test size according to INEN 2566; Therefore, arid characterization studies were developed to decree their suitability to be used in structural concrete identified in INEN 872; in addition to achieving the actual density of INEN 156 cement. Based on the above, the design of mixtures with their respective dosage was developed for the compression resistances of the 21 and 28 Mpa concrete, with the help of the optimal density method. A single dosage was used because in test trials if they achieved the expected resistances; a total of 84 specimens were then tested according to INEN 3124;with their respective fresh trials such as: INEN 1763 sampling, density, air content and INEN 1579 performance, INEN 1578 settlement; as well as in hardened state obtaining the resistances to INEN 1573 compression at ages 7, 14, 21 and 27 days, making it possible to graph the curves age vs resistance to compression and stress vs deformation of structural concrete. Finally, the static elasticity modulus of concrete was determined according to ASTM C469 and accordingly the constants are proposed for local adaptation depending on the origin of material equation used that is presented in the present experimental work.
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    Uso de cemento y savia de tuna como alternativas de revestimiento en muros de adobe para el mejoramiento de sus propiedades hidrófugas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020) Romero Yanzapanta, Andrés Paúl; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza Elizabeth
    This experimental work was carried out with land extracted from The Putzalahua Hill, which was analyzed by the Peruvian E0.80 standard as indicated by the NEC, laboratory tests were also carried out to obtain soil type, soil conditions and soil composition for adobe manufacturing. The traditional adobe blocks were developed in compliance with E0.80, the resistance of adobe blocks with an average value of 1.502MPa greater than indicated in the standard was checked, after the drying of the block, the resistance to contact with water in which the blocks do not resist, disintegrate, cracks and fissures are generated. Adobe blocks covered with tuna penca sap were made, resting for 7, 14 and 18 days; adobe blocks were also coated with cement in percentages of 5, 10 and 12.5 percent, in which very good results were observed, the coated adobe blocks were not disintegrated, in the absorption and suction tests. In tuna sap coating at 18 days reaches a suction of 22.66 gr/min/area with a capillary ascent of 1.08cm, and an absorption of 24.14 percent, because tuna penca sap decreases porosity, coated blocks also suffer a volumetric variation of 5.2 percent. Cement percentage coated blocks also withstand suction and absorption tests, cement at 12.5 per cent in suction was obtained a value of 48.05gr/min/area, the blocks absorb 36.04 per cent, and suffer a variation of 5.0 percent, but in contact with water they last better than traditional blocks. Finally, adobe walls coated with tuna sap were scaled at 14 days, 18 days and walls coated with cement percentages of 10 and 12.5 per cent; which were compared in the simulated flood test, the uncoated wall resists 1 hour 45 minutes collapses, while the walls covered with tuna sap 14 days resist 5 days and the wall with tuna sap 14 days resist 6 days without collapse, the walls covered with 10 per cent of cement and 12.5 per cent resist 7 days and 5 days respectively.