Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de canelo proveniente de la ciudad del Puyo provincia de Pastaza y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ponce Romero, Carlos Andrés; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolThe objective of this experimental work is to provide information on the mechanical properties of canelo wood (perpendicular bending and traction parallel to the fiber) from the urban parish: Puyo, and the rural parishes: El Triunfo, Veracruz and Tarqui, province of Pastaza, and reveal the maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and resistance to parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the grain that this type of wood presents. The research was based on the ASTM D143-94 regulations for the preparation of the test pieces, in which 6 samples were made for each test and both physical and mechanical properties were determined. In the physical tests, the moisture content was determined in the green or freshly cut state and dry state, which complies with the parameters given by the NTE INEN 896 (2013) standard, while for the mechanical tests the elastic modulus and the admissible stresses in axial bending and parallel traction of each of the parish specimens, governed by the formulas established by the ASTM D198 standard. According to the results of the analyzes given of the 48 samples of canelo wood, it was established that this type of wood can be used as a structural material, since its calculated mechanical properties gave significant values, taking into consideration that the wood Coming from the Puyo urban parish, it had better resistance in parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the fiber.Item Influencia del tamaño nominal máximo del agregado fino en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Morejón Ortiz, Anthony Xavier; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaConcrete, known for its wide use in construction, is distinguished by its high compressive strength. However, certain elements, such as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate, can vary this strength. This research addresses how variation in fine aggregate size influences the compressive strength of plain concrete. This project studies the variations in the properties of aggregates with the sizes of #4, #8, #16, #30, #50 and #100 sieves to produce concrete according to NTE INEN standards. To obtain the dosage, the optimum density method of the Central University of Ecuador was used, varying according to the size and properties of the fine aggregate. Two strengths of 240 kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2 were considered, then 54 cylindrical specimens of simple concrete were prepared for each strength, 9 specimens for each nominal size of the fine aggregate, which were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days. To ensure control, 3 specimens were tested at each curing time interval and accurate information was obtained to correlate the achieved compressive strength of the plain concrete with respect to the nominal size of the fine aggregate. The results reveal a progressive decrease in compressive strength as the maximum nominal size of the fine aggregate is reduced, manifesting itself noticeably in the final strength at 28 days of curing. Likewise, variations in the properties of the finer aggregate are observed.Item Influencia del tamaño nominal máximo del agregado grueso en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Ruiz Gutiérrez, Nicole De Los Ángeles; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis project addresses the substantial impact that the coarse aggregate size has on the compressive strength of plain concrete. Considering sizes of 1 inch, 3/4 inch, 1/2 inch, and 3/8 inch, and design strengths of 240 kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2, correlations were established between both variables, considering the existing relationship between the mentioned factors. The properties of the materials to be used were determined by applying tests governed by some of the NTE INEN standards. Following this, the concrete mix designs were designed for each nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate using the Central University of Ecuador's optimum density method. A total of 72 concrete cylinders were produced (9 for each nominal maximum size). 3 cylinders were tested according to each nominal maximum size at 7, 14, and 28 days, obtaining the necessary information for the data analysis, allowing the establishment of correlations between the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate and the compressive strength. The results showed a coefficient of -0.60, indicating that as the nominal maximum size of the aggregate is reduced, strengths above 100 percent of the design strength can be obtained. Similarly, when proposing correlations with the hardened density of the concrete, this coefficient was 0.74, which means that the density has a greater influence than the size. This only occurs for the sizes mentioned in this study.Item Diseño y construcción de un accesorio externo automotriz bajo el proceso de infusión al vacío con material compuesto de matriz polimérica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Tenorio Cabezas, Vanessa Estefanía; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoActually the application of composite materials for the forming and creation of components or accessories is one of the greatest needs in the industrial field, aiming to reduce the weight and the replacement of metals, preserving or improving the properties of the materials. The progress of the forming processes are mostly manual, causing irreversible failures such as porosity, cracks, air bubbles and more defects, forming less resistant laminates. The Technical Project focused on obtaining the main parameters involved in the vacuum infusion process applied to a laminate with a complex shape, that is, curved, inclined, straight and deep areas. In addition, Tensile-Flexural tests were carried out to check the mechanical properties of the laminate obtained and cured at a temperature of 80 grades Celsius for two hours. The results obtained through the application of the process were compared with other commercial projects that were formed under the same parameters. The technical work showed that for a vacuum infusion process, permeability is one of the parameters that influenced at the time of lamination, using and applying Darcy's Law, for that reason it was important to select the complements (vacuum infusion kit) and it was verified that the orientations of the natural or synthetic fibers should be at 45 grades for greater resistance, but if a laminate with lower residence is desired, the recommended orientation is from 0 to 90 grades.Item Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal UV de acero a36, para espesores de 10 mm y 12 mm(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Caiza Llumitasig, Edisson Dario; Pullutasig Chuquisala, David Andrés; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínThe material model obtained for cold-formed UV cross-section profiles of ASTM A36 steel, for thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, is presented as a versatile and efficient structural solution. This model has been developed considering its mechanical properties and its usefulness in the construction industry due to its resistance and ease of forming. To analyze the impact of the mechanical properties in the cross section of the profile obtained, three types of tests were carried out. In the tensile test, the ASTM E8 standard was applied, evaluating its mechanical properties, taking into account the tensile strength, elastic limit and modulus of elasticity in the specimens of the different sections (wings, back, curves) of the profile. Using the ASTM E10 standard, the hardness test was carried out on specimens extracted for each thickness, determining their hardness in the virgin material and in the cross section of the UV profile. Using the ASTM E-112 standard, the metallographic test was applied, obtaining micrographic photographs of the grains of the virgin material and the affectation in the cross section of the UV profile. As a result, the mechanical tests carried out show a comprehensive view of the mechanical properties in the cross section of the UV profile, highlighting a greater rigidity in the 12 mm profile and a greater impact on the mechanical properties in the curved sections of the profile, reaching maximum stresses. tensile strength of 551.5 MPa and 554.21 MPa for thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para ensayos de tensión que caracterice los efectos que producen los cambios de geometría en una probeta plana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Bastidas Sarabia, Bryan Isaias; Gamboa Sangoquiza, Luis Fernando; Arroba Arroba, César HernánTensile tests are important to understand the mechanical behavior of different materials when subjected to different loads and conditions. These tests allow understanding the different properties such as strength, elasticity, ductility, and stiffness of the element, being crucial for the design and selection of materials in industrial and structural applications. However, it is necessary to keep in mind that geometry changes in flat specimens have a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of the materials while they are subjected to stress. These changes include variations in the cross section, due to the presence of holes or different geometrical irregularities generating a concentration of stresses and different localized deformations. This is the reason why the necessary knowledge is provided to design and build a machine that allows visualizing the geometry changes that originate in a specimen. Previous research on the subject was carried out, continuing with design ideas, and following the design parameters given by the book "Shigley's Design in Mechanical Engineering". Once the design and analysis were done in the different softwares, we proceeded to verify plans for the construction of the prototype. Once the machine was built, the calibration and printing of different specimens was carried out.Item Análisis comparativo del índice de inflamabilidad horizontal bajo la norma ISO 3795, entre materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibras naturales (fibra de cabuya, fibra de chambira, fibra de coco y fibra de totora) frente a la fibra de vidrio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Chaglla Toapanta, Bryan Joel; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronToday, the use of composite materials is very common in various professional and industrial applications, so it is necessary to ensure that the materials meet a high level of safety for the end user. Creating composite materials lies in the sole purpose of improving their properties, therefore, in the present investigation it is intended to evaluate and compare the fire resistance of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced with natural fibers (cabuya, chambira, coconut and totora) against a synthetic fiber (fiberglass), allowing us to consider a possible substitution of synthetic materials for environmentally friendly materials, which could open a new market for their commercialization. In order to establish the appropriate percentages for the formation of composite materials, the volumetric fractions of previously carried out titling works were taken into consideration, where the percentages that provide the best characteristics of the material are detailed, having these values, the amount of resin, fiber and catalyst necessary for each configuration was calculated, after that, all these components were placed in the mold sized according to the NTE INEN ISO 3795 standard, applying manual compression on each material, once the process was completed, it was necessary to you have to wait for the curing time and verify that the new material is fully solidified. Once the samples were ready, they were sent to the LIM-UTA Mechanical Research Laboratory, to be tested, finally the combustion rate of each material was obtained, where an average of 3.61 mm/min was recorded for the Cabuya fiber, 6.72 mm/min for the Chambira fiber, 4.91 mm/min for the coconut fiber, 8.46 mm/min for the reed fiber and 9.18 mm/min for the glass fiber. Based on the results, it was possible to determine that the cabuya fiber-reinforced polyester resin composite material with a value equivalent to 3.61 mm/min is the material with the lowest propagation index compared to the other fibers evaluated.Item Determinación de configuraciones estructurales de un frente de autobús interprovincial y su incidencia en la resistencia al impacto frontal mediante el método de elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2016) López Ortiz, Santiago Alejandro; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe Research is based on the frontal impact simulation of the front section bus with the Finite Element Method for analyzing the resistance of different structural configurations and verify compliance with Regulation ECE R29. To simulate the geometry of the main components of an interprovincial bus involved in a frontal impact was made by allocating the material's mechanical properties and boundary conditions to recreate the closest to real event, then was determined that Structural Elements they are more affected during the crash in order to change their characteristics and create models that can be evaluated under the same test conditions. From the obtained models are validated and analyze numerical simulation results in order to find a structural configuration with which none of the components of the body intrudes driver survival space and comply with regulations UNECE R 29.Item Estudio del tratamiento térmico de normalizado en el hierro fundido gris y su incidencia en la dureza y la resistencia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2013) Atacusí Hidalgo, Braulio Patricio; Espín Lagos, Segundo ManuelEl presente trabajo de investigación se lo realizó bajo el tema: Estudio del tratamiento térmico de normalizado en el hierro fundido gris y su incidencia en la dureza y la resistencia, ya que en la cuidad no se ha encontrado suficientes investigaciones referentes al tema propuesto, de hecho solo se cuenta con un trabajo sobre el tratamiento térmico de Recocido en el Hierro Fundido Gris el cual sirvió de base para la ejecución de esta tesis. En este trabajo se pasó por diferentes etapas iniciando por la bibliográfica donde se buscaba la teoría que sustente lo que se hizo en el siguiente paso donde se probó con diferentes temperaturas para realizar el Tratamiento Térmico de Normalizado, posteriormente se realizó los diferentes ensayos como son Análisis Metalográfico, Ensayo de Dureza y Ensayo de Tracción, los cuales son necesarios para comprobar las propiedades mecánicas que se logró al realizar el tratamiento térmico. Todo esto se lo realizó en los laboratorios de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Finalmente, se planteó la propuesta en la cual se determinó los siguientes paramentos: Realizar el Tratamiento Térmico de Normalizado en el Hierro Fundido Gris a una temperatura de 850°C, con una permanencia en el horno de 1 hora para finalizar con un enfriamiento en el ambiente, lográndose con esto una disminución tanto de la dureza como la resistencia, además un afinamiento del grafito laminar característico del material, con lo que se logra que el hierro fundido gris no sean tan frágil como viene de fábrica y se mejora la maquinabilidad del mismo. Se reduce el riesgo de fractura del material debido al grafito laminar grueso, con estas consideraciones el material puede ser usado en una amplia gama de aplicaciones en la industria de acuerdo a la necesidad.