Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Evaluación estructural de un puente en el sector Yaguana del cantón Quijos.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas., 2025) Yambay Guano Dolores; Cañizares Ortega Freddy FernandoThe present study focused on the analysis and structural reinforcement of the bridge over the Yahuana River, which presented critical problems due to deformations, cracks and corrosion in its structure. The initial inspection revealed that the most affected girder suffered a complete torsion due to soil saturation after heavy rains, which caused deformations in the bracing and diagonals. In addition, cracks were observed in the bridge slab, causing corrosion in the reinforcement due to water infiltration. These problems were aggravated by the reduction of the minimum clearance of the bridge, compromising its safety and functionality. Analysis of both dead and live loads identified that the main girders had critical web slenderness, which made them susceptible to buckling under high loads. The maximum bending and torsional moments, as well as the vertical displacements, exceeded the regulatory limits established by AASHTO, which highlighted the need for structural strengthening. After the implementation of the strengthening, a significant improvement in the structural response of the bridge was observed. Vertical displacements were reduced by 71.16%, bending moments by 66.31% and torsional moments by 69.48%. These results confirmed that the proposed strengthening was effective in improving the stability and strength of the bridge, complying with the limits established by the AASHTO standards. The study demonstrated that the reinforcement by means of reinforcing plates in the web of type I girders is a viable solution to correct structural deficiencies in bridges with slenderness and buckling problems. In addition, it highlights the importance of performing detailed inspections and structural analysis to ensure the safety and functionality of critical infrastructure. Finally, it is recommended to implement a regular monitoring and maintenance program, as well as to improve the drainage system around the bridge to prevent future problems related to water infiltration and ground instability.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Huachi Loreto, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2024-05) Balseca Pinos, Edgar Rafael; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe city of Ambato is one of the areas with high seismic hazard in Ecuador, this parameter combined with the vulnerability of the buildings and the level of exposure, represent the level of seismic risk that could occur in seismic events. The seismic vulnerability of buildings allows us to quantify structural damage based on their own characteristics, being the only variable that can be influenced to reduce the level of risk, since it depends on aspects such as the type of structural system, presence of irregularities in plan and elevation, level of maintenance of the building, application of regulations and building codes. For this reason, it was essential to evaluate the existing metal structure buildings in the parish of Huachi Loreto, to provide an overview of the degree of vulnerability and seismic risk index that they present, and thus, apply a detailed vulnerability analysis for one of the most representative buildings and design a proposal for structural strengthening. To evaluate the seismic vulnerability, approved methodologies of rapid visual inspection were used through the forms established in the NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS, these formats were adequate to evaluate a wide set of buildings in metal structure and collect general data of the parish Huachi Loreto, which showed that the vulnerability of the buildings is mostly high. Based on this study, the structure called EM09 corresponding to Plaza Pachano was selected to perform a more detailed vulnerability analysis using computational resources to apply the linear static and spectral modal method, with which the limits of floor drifts, basal shear and deflections were checked. The most relevant pathologies were the presence of corrosion, non-prequalified connections, inadequate assembly conditions, local and lateral buckling of the main and secondary elements. The strengthening strategy included increasing the cross-sections of the main elements until they were compact and also changing the secondary elements for more efficient sections. Finally, suggestions were made to maintain the structural system in favorable conditions for serviceability and seismic conditions.Item Determinación del desempeño sísmico del edificio ACT consultores, ubicado en la ciudad de Ambato a través del análisis no lineal push over(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Cárdenas López, Fernando Josué; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaBeing located in a highly seismic area, any engineering work is exposed to the possibility of suffering great damage or even collapse under the action of seismic events, that is why the main function of this experimental work is to show the seismic performance of the ACT Consultores building located in the city of Ambato [1]. This work was carried out in three phases; the first one describes the characterization of the architectural and structural building, identifying the materials that were used. Then, the second stage is focused on information processing with the development of the qualitative method, which refers to a quick visual evaluation of the vulnerability of the structure, while the quantitative method refers to the whole process involved in the seismic-resistant design of a building to translate it into the engineering software. Also, the nonlinear analysis was performed by means of a Push Over to evaluate the seismic performance of the building under different levels of seismic hazard without the retaining wall. Finally, the third phase is based on the structural rehabilitation of the building. After reviewing that the building did not comply with period checks, interstory drifts, torsion and the performance point in a "Rare" earthquake was not as expected for basic constructions such as offices. Based on this, we proceeded to place shear walls to correct drifts, torsion, period and performance point so that the building would have better structural behavior.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba zona 1, Ambato, Ecuador: Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Toapanta Tixilema, Hugo Fabián; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe city of Ambato has a high seismic hazard. For all the buildings that have been built and will be built are directly exposed to a high seismic risk. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a seismic vulnerability analysis of the structures and specifically those which have been built in areas with geological faults or that have been implemented in places where earthquakes have previously occurred and caused human or material losses. The Izamba parish is one of the areas with high seismic danger due to the previously mentioned factors. For this reason, it was necessary to evaluate the state in which the metal structure buildings were found in terms of the structural system they were built with, and the irregularities that were part of each building. The methodology carried out for the analysis was mixed, the FEMA P-154, NEC 15 and FUNVISIS rapid visual inspection forms used qualitative criteria to determine the degree of vulnerability of the buildings, while the detailed analysis with linear methods was quantitative. For the interpretation of the results, the NEC 15 and AISC 360 criteria were used because the buildings found in the area were of ordinary moment frames. A representative building in the area was selected to evaluate in detail the seismic vulnerability. In this case, a linear static and spectral modal analysis was performed. Subsequently, a structural reinforcement system was proposed and its efficiency was verified by means of the static and modal spectral analysis and the seismic-resistant design criteria established by the current regulations in force. Finally, computational tools were used for the structural calculation and verification of the proposed design.Item Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Izamba (Zona 3), Ambato, Ecuador. Propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Vargas Aráuz, Ángela Verónica; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThis research work shows the application of the rapid visual inspection methodology according to FEMA P-154, with which it is possible to identify, inventory and examine the possible seismic risks of the buildings evaluated and with this information decide if a detailed structural evaluation is necessary. The seismic vulnerability according to FEMA P-154 is expressed in terms of the probability of collapse of the structure, with this information you can manage contingency plans before and after earthquakes and inform the owner of the building the status and possibility of structural reinforcement. After carrying out the evaluation of the selected buildings, a representative structure was determined located in the Izamba parish of the city of Ambato, which was chosen for its level of importance and based on the results of the previous evaluation. With the data obtained from the rapid visual inspection and the documentation obtained from the representative building, a linear static analysis was carried out, with the application of the Ecuadorian construction standard, to determine the current behavior of the structure according to its efforts, displacements, and maximum permitted drifts. The structural analysis determined that the building presents great flexibility and fails in some members such as beams and columns. As a solution to the problem detected, structural reinforcement was chosen with steel diagonals to increase the rigidity of the structure and incorporate additional structural members that support seismic actions. The research was completed by performing the nonlinear static analysis known as Pushover of the reinforced building, from this analysis the capacity curve is obtained and the probable performance of the structure before the design earthquake can be verified.Item Evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificaciones de estructuras metálicas en la parroquia Santa Rosa zona 2, Ambato, Ecuador: propuesta de reforzamiento estructural de una edificación representativa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Carranza Calero, Diego Mauricio; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo EnriqueSeismic vulnerability is a magnitude that allows quantifying structural damage, failure modes and resistant capacity under the action of an earthquake, which is based on the characteristics of the structure. The present work was framed in the vulnerability analysis of metallic structures of the Santa Rosa parish, Zone 2, which has a high level of seismic hazard due to its location and proximity to several geological faults. It was found that most of the metal structure buildings analyzed present a high vulnerability index that indicates that they would suffer great damage in the event of an earthquake. The evaluation criteria used were based on three methodologies: NEC 15, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS: perform a more exhaustive analysis, draw vulnerability and seismic risk maps and identify a representative building to perform a detailed analysis and propose a reinforcement proposal, in this building three types of analysis were performed: static, spectral modal and Pushover to identify the critical points of the structure that should be reinforced.Item Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y reforzamiento estructural de la unidad nueva del Hospital Básico El Puyo, ubicado en la provincia de Pastaza, Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2023-03) Cáceres Vargas, Andrea Carolina; Caiza Sánchez, Pablo EnriqueSeismic vulnerability in essential structures has been a subject of little analysis despite the importance that a building of this type entails, therefore, this research covers the constructive reality of the new unit of the Basic Hospital El Puyo, a structure built with regulations In force, however, the lack of technical criteria of the professionals who designed it significantly influenced the construction, generating cracking problems. During the development of this research, it was necessary to assess the vulnerability of this structure through quick visual inspections and the application of forms with the NEC 2015, FEMA P-154 and FUNVISIS methodologies. Then, non-destructive tests of concrete and soil tests were carried out in order to verify that the design plans have been respected. Subsequently, a mathematical model of this structure composed of two blocks was analyzed using structural design software, where, through a linear static analysis, it turned out that it presented torsion in one of its blocks, which is why a reinforcement was proposed. structural by means of steel stiffening diagonals in certain side frames. On the other hand, the current seismic performance of blocks 1 and 2 was considered, through a non-linear static analysis, obtaining as a result, that they do not meet the performance level for the rare design earthquake, since, the point The performance of these blocks is outside the capacity curve, its resistance being insufficient to meet the seismic requirements; Thus, under this criterion, the pushover was executed with the two reinforced structures, verifying that there is a good seismic performance. Finally, the soil-structure interaction analysis was carried out, verifying that the hospital unit presents permitted differential settlements.Item Análisis estructural del desempeño sísmico del edificio multifamiliar “Peña Mendoza” de hormigón armado de la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Colorados, ubicado en la cooperativa 30 de Julio mediante el método de vibraciones(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Cabascango Chuquirima, César Augusto; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaSince the structure did not meet the expected seismic performance level, a vulnerability analysis was performed using qualitative and quantitative methods proposed in FEMA 154 and NEC 15. In the vulnerability analysis performed with the qualitative method proposed by FEMA 154 and NEC 15, a quick visual inspection of the entire structure was performed, taking into account each of the characteristics such as irregularity in plan and elevation, year of construction, construction code used; data necessary to calculate the degree of vulnerability of the structure, which presents a high degree of vulnerability according to FEMA 154 and a low vulnerability according to NEC 15. In the quantitative analysis, a linear analysis was carried out to determine the structural behavior, which complies with all the parameters established in the Ecuadorian Construction Standard NEC 15; subsequently, the non-linear analysis (pushover) determined that it does not comply with the performance levels expected and proposed by VISION 2000. Finally, a reinforcement was proposed through the implementation of shear walls that allowed an adequate level of structural performance in the event of an earthquake. As a result, the shear walls were able to reinforce the current structure, thus complying with the seismic performance expected in a basic structure.Item Evaluación probabilística del riesgo sísmico en edificios patrimoniales para reforzamiento con estructuras metálicas en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Cevallos Torres, Elisa Mariela; Guerra Avendaño, Oswaldo MarceloThe conservation of heritage assets is necessary for the preservation of the integrity and identity of our city. The degree of seismic vulnerability of heritage buildings in the urban parishes of Ambato canton requires the reinforcement of their structural elements or, in turn, non-invasive interventions to ensure the safety of their inhabitants and the memories they keep. It was determined that 92 percent of the buildings belonging to the Historic Center are made of stone supporting elements, which require the application of techniques to reinforce their structural system to resist seismic stresses. By observing through field activities it was verified that these structures are built with typical materials of the time, mostly pishilata stone, bahareque and adobe; in addition, their vulnerability was analyzed by applying mathematical models, artifices were used to model the characteristics of the materials, finding that their behavior under high level seismic stresses is unfavorable, due to the great weight caused by the large dimensions of the supporting elements, mainly walls, but which present a very small resistant capacity against tensile stresses. The technique that most favors the improvement of the structural performance corresponds to the recovery and reconstruction of the elements with materials similar to the original ones, with a minimum addition of structural profiles because the presence of humidity can accelerate the corrosion processes and cause more damage to the patrimonial goods. In the present case, as a reinforcement alternative, the addition of an upper confining beam has been proposed as a collar beam, known as a sill beam, placed in the upper part of the wall, which is built in the form of a box, in the central area of the wall; the idea is to confine the wall and increase its resistance to lateral loads, for which reason at least 3 courses of stone are used so that the structural behavior is adequate.Item Análisis comparativo de los costos económicos y de la respuesta sísmica de una edificación considerando dos escenarios: la construcción técnica y la construcción informal, en la ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Ramos Moposita, Franklin Ruben; Peñafiel Valla, Gabriela LourdesBased on the existence of a large number of informally built structures in the city of Ambato, we proceeded to conduct field research to determine the actual background applied during the construction of an informal structure, despite the fact that the owner of the house obtained the permits and plans respectively approved; in addition, a quantitative research method was used by applying the static nonlinear analysis of such structure through a structural calculation software. With the information obtained in situ, the structure was modeled in the calculation software and a static analysis was performed to determine the linear behavior of the structure related to vibration periods, basal shear and floor drifts to compare it with the established in the Ecuadorian construction standard NEC 2015, also, the static nonlinear analysis (PUSHOVER) was applied obtaining the capacity curve and the performance point of the structure. The results of the nonlinear analysis of the structure induce its reinforcement by means of the metal casing technique with angles and plates in the case of the columns and in the case of the beams, the reinforcement is proposed using IPE 160 metal profiles in order to achieve and guarantee compliance with the performance levels expected for this type of structures, in addition this reinforcement significantly increases the cost of its construction.