Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/898
Browse
14 results
Search Results
Item Optimización (Doe-Mezclas) del material híbrido con refuerzos de fibra de abacá, fibra de cabuya y fibra de vidrio de matriz de resina poliéster y su incidencia sobre las propiedades mecánicas a flexión, tracción e impacto(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-08) Chiluiza Toapanta, William Patricio; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIt posed develop this investigation with the purpose of avoid ignorance in the design of Experiments with mixtures, this is applied to the Mechanical Engineering in the field of composite materials to be able optimize and determinate the best characteristics of the material. The method applied is the design of experiments with mixtures (DOE) the compound of fiberglass, Abaca and Cabuya with the matrix resin polyester applied for the simplexlattice design to determine the optimum mix. It determined a total of ten treatments, and each one forms the one hundred percent of the compound is formed, of which were made 150 specimens to tensile, flexion and impact test with the application of the standards of the ASTM 3039, ASTM 7264 and ASTM 5628 respectively. The results were analyzed to comply the assumptions of normality, equality of variance and waste independence otherwise the data were transformed to adjust the data to BoxCox. The previously analyzed data is passed to Minitab to optimize and determine the best volumetric fraction, finding a percentage of 20.07 for fiberglass, while natural fibers have a percentage of 4.85 percent for Abaca and Cabuya fiber of 5.08 percent. In addition, with the 70 percent Polyester Resin as constant this completes 100 percent of the material composite mix. With this combination it gets better mechanical properties to Traction, Flexion and Impact.Item Análisis de la influencia de los rayos UV en la resistencia a la tracción del compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de guadua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Guamani Saquinga, Marisol Belén; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánIn the present experimental work was analyzed the influence of UV rays on the tensile stress of the polymer matrix composite material, through a mechanical test where it was determined that guadua fiber has good mechanical properties. It is similar the behavior of a fiber synthetic, so this fiber can replace it. The great abundance, it was facilitated to obtain and process the fibrous material. The composite material has as a matrix the polyester and epoxy resin while the reinforcement is considered guadua fiber, which It should be woven with an orientation of 0 degrees at the time of being used as reinforcement and stacking layers. As the way to improve the mechanical properties. Thense, the Guadua fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material has a volumetric fraction of 70 percent as matrix and 30 percent as reinforcement by hand lay-up and cured to the environment for 720 hours at room temperature. The analysis of the tensile strength behavior of the composite material by ASTM D3039 regulations was performed when subjected to a UV test by ISO 4892 for 50 hours and 250 hours of exposure in an artificial aging chamber with xenon arc. Also, the tensile test was performed with 30 specimens classified by resin and epoxy matrix at 0, 50 and 250 hours of exposure. When the data is obtained, the statistical analysis is carried out using the Minitab software allows an statistic analysis of the data. Then it was determined that the maximum tensile stress of 84.63 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 1363.03 MPa and elongation of 6.21 percent with polyester resin matrix and a the maximun resistance of 71.79 MPa, modulus elasticity of 1518.47 MPa and elongation of 4.73 percent with epoxy resin matrix. And the use of the desirability function it was determined that the best combination when the material has a polyester matrix exposed to 250 hours of UV rays. It is demonstrating the better behavior with these characteristics. It is an economical resin to provide the rigidity and resistance to the composite material and where exposure to UV rays improves the mechanical property.Item Análisis del proceso de ranurado del material compuesto de matriz polimérica con resina epoxi y poliester reforzado con fibra de abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Flores Jácome, Walter Giovanni; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe following research has as an objective to study the behavior that the material composed by the polymeric matrix with epoxy resin and polyester reinforced with abaca fiber has, at the moment to be subject of a grooving process, changing mechanization process parameters such as the cut speed and the advance speed, as well as the kind of tool to use. It is based on the surface response method to design the experiment, obtaining 52 combinations, each with its respective replica, giving a total of 104 grooves with cut-off speed values between 25.13 and 75.4 m/min, and an advance between 0.08 and 0.12 mm/rev, it is also applied the use of two different milling tools; the first tool 103-S (Super Acabado “Plexiglas”) and the second 107-M (Diamond serrate with front cut), the obtained results were entrance delamination factors, exiting factors and rugosity, allowing to know the superficial quality of the mixture. At the moment to develop a simultaneous optimization of the parameters used in the machining with a combination of a 85.81 m/min cut speed, advance of 0.12828 mm/rev, kind of tool 103-S, and a polyester resin matrix, entrance and exiting delamination factors are obtained similar to 1.0281 and 1.0707 respectively, and a rugosity of 2.3460μm; such values could be the best surface quality for this mixture. To complement the research, UV degradation essays were elaborated with 50, 100 and 150 exposure hours, concluding as the maximum effort traction capacity for the epoxi resin which is in the 100 hours and the polyester one to the 50 hours.Item Estudio del proceso de corte láser de CO2 del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de abacá(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Riera Riera, Marilyn Johaira; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánIn the present experimental work the process of Laser Cutting by CO2 was carried out, in which two sheets of composite materials were made as: (polyester resin combined with abaca fiber) and (epoxy resin combined with abaca fiber), which they were subjected to cuts; therefore, an analysis process based on the surface response method was proposed, in which the cutting parameters intervened, such as: power, speed and resin with their different levels; generating a total of 26 combinations with their replicas and obtaining a total of 52. Once the cuts were made, the surface quality of the material was evaluated by means of the surface roughness (Ra), for which a Mitutoyo SJ-210 rugosimeter was used, achieving thus to determine the minimum surface roughness of the material of 3.4833 μm, fulfilling like this with the established in ISO Standard 1302; the critical temperature (T) of the cut was also determined through calculations and temperature measurements of the surface were taken while it was cutting with the pyrometer, and getting a lower critical temperature which undoubtedly decreases the amount of material burned. A complementary test was carried out in which the flammability index of the composite materials was obtained, the process to perform these essays is detailed in the ISO 3795 standard; the combustion index was calculated obtaining 15.9 and 19.9 mm / min respectively, fulfilling like this with the requirements of the standards, since they do not exceed the maximum combustion index of 100 mm / min and 250 mm / min established in the standards NTE INEN 1668 and NTE INEN 1323 respectively.Item Análisis del proceso de ranurado del material compuesto de matríz polimérica con resina epoxi y poliéster reforzado con cascarilla de arroz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Cando Mullo, Luis David; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánActually, the machining of composites has taken special importance in the industry dedicated to the production of structural components, however, due to the characteristics of these materials, a special sensitivity is observed to evaluate surface quality, so that as a contribution to the study of the machining of composite materials, an experimental research was developed focused on the analysis of the grooving process of the composite material made of polymer matrix reinforced with rice husk, which can be very useful in the bodywork industry and in the construction area as a replacement for wood and plaster. For the development of the grooving test, the response surface method based on the central composite design was used, from which 104 experiments were obtained to evaluate the surface quality, roughness and delamination factor (input and output) left by the machining process. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA) the adequacy of the experimental model was corroborated where it was determined that the optimum material to execute a grooving process is the compound of RE + CA applying a cutting speed of 70 (m / min), advance of 0.1 (mm / rev), working with a 103 S tool, obtaining minimum input and output delamination and acceptable roughness for said process. In addition, tests of UV degradation and traction were developed to observe the behavior of the compound, noting that the RP + CA composite exposed to an exposure time interval of 0, 50, 100, and 150 hours exhibits increased resistance to tension unlike the composite material of RE + CA that shows a considerable loss of mechanical property.Item Análisis del proceso de taladrado del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con cascarilla de arroz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Mena Lema, Nataly Maribel; Pérez Salinas, Christian FabiánThe present experimental work is directed to know the influence of the parameters of cut, in the superficial quality of the process of drilling in a composite with polymeric matrix (83%) and reinforcement of husk of rice (17%), whose main application is directed to the construction area as a replacement for wood and plaster. The experimental design used is the SURFACE METHOD OF ANSWER, with which 104 work combinations are obtained, by using a composite central design that employs two categorical factors (type of resin and drill) and two continuous (velocity of spindle and forward), as well as the development of two replicas. Once the data was analyzed, the global optimum point was obtained, which made reference to the best individual optimum. It achieved the combination with the minimum surface roughness and the minimum delamination factor. With a composite desirability of 0.725; the combination with the best results is the polyester resin + rice husk composite, which obtained a roughness of 1,167μm, an input delamination factor of 1,3175, and an output delamination factor of 1,5348; with a drill for Kevlar with N = 468.63 rpm and Vf = 82.72 mm / min. Additionally, a water absorption technology test was developed with the ASTM-D570 standard, where after 864 hours of immersion in distilled water, the test pieces recorded an increase of 3.2% in the epoxy matrix and 5.54% in the polyester matrix, thus noting that the first has greater resistance to moisture.Item Estudio del proceso de corte láser de CO2 del material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con cascarilla de arroz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Tonato Tonato, Juan Carlos; Pérez Salinas, Cristian FabiánThe CO2 laser cutting process, being widely used in the industrial field due to its excellent precision, accuracy and rapid processing to make the cut, was investigated in two polymeric compounds based on natural fibers (polyester matrix and epoxy matrix reinforced with rice husk), in order to evaluate the influence of the independent input variables (power and cutting speed) on the quality of laser cutting and additionally flammability tests were carried out for possible applications. The characteristics of the surface finish evaluated were the roughness of the cut surface and the thermal effect (surface temperature of the edge adjacent to the cut) that were made in the process. Twenty-six series of experimental tests were executed for each composite material, based on the central design composed by the response surface methodology (MSR). First-order response models were presented for surface temperatures and a second-order model for the roughness (Ra) of the surface manufactured by laser, and the adequacy of the models was verified through the analysis of variances (ANOVA). From the analysis, it was determined that in the polyester matrix composite material, better surface quality (lower roughness) and lower surface temperatures are presented in comparison with the epoxy matrix compound. Regarding the combustion rates that result from the flammability tests of both the polyester matrix compound (8.27 mm / min) and epoxy matrix (15.85 mm / min) it was determined that they are within the acceptable permissible range ( ≤100 mm / min and ≤250 mm / min) that must comply with the flammability of the materials inside the road vehicles.Item Análisis estadístico de las propiedades mecánicas a tracción, flexión e impacto del material híbrido con fibra de vidrio y abacá en matriz polimérica de resina poliéster, para determinar la mejor configuración(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Erazo Sánchez, Henry David; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoItem Análisis de la incidencia de retardantes de llama (hidróxido de aluminio, hidróxido de magnesio) en las propiedades mecánicas de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibra de vidrio utilizado en la fabricación del interior de carrocerías metalmecánicas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Freire Bonilla, Oscar Fabricio; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronThe present experimental work was carried out in order to demonstrate the influence of flame retardants on composite materials (glass fiber + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin), in order to determine the impact on the mechanical properties of the same, looking for new fire resistant materials that have properties similar to the original composite materials. In this research 12 groups of composite materials were made, of which the results of their mechanical properties will be exposed, the specimens were manufactured according to the standards (ASTM D-3039) for traction, (ASTM D-7264) for bending and the standard (ASTM D-6110) for impact. For the analysis of results the 12 groups were compared with 2 extra groups, the latter being the original composite materials (fiberglass + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin), the respective correlations were made in which correlations were evidenced in mostly positive. The combinations of the 12 groups and the 2 extra groups, when an ANOVA analysis was carried out with the help of a software, it was determined that there is an incidence in the mechanical properties when the flame retardants are added in the original composite materialsItem Análisis de la aplicación de retardantes de llama (hidróxido de aluminio, hidróxido de magnesio) en un material compuesto de fibra de vidrio con matriz polimérica utilizado en la fabricación del interior de carrocerías metálicas y su influencia en el índice de inflamabilidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Paredes Villacis, David Marcelo; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronThe experimental work was developed with the purpose of analyzing the flammability index in composite materials (glass fiber + polyester resin and glass fiber + epoxy resin) but these were applied flame retardants at the time of manufacture. In the design of the experiment 12 combinations were obtained, obtaining for each of them its respective flammability index, the test pieces were manufactured and analyzed from the ISO 3795 standard. Ten of these combinations marked a value of zero for their flammability index, converting them into a self-extinguishing material, the remaining two showed average values of ⁄ ⁄. These two were compared with test tubes without fire retardant that were analyzed in the bank DIDE UTA, ESPOL and UTA. A correlation of distance vs time, flammability index and temperature was obtained, obtaining different correlations for each case. In the ANOVA analysis using software it was determined that the addition of flame retardants influences the flammability index of the materials used in the manufacture of the interior of metalworking bodies.