Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.IMPRESIÓN 3D

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas con turbina Kaplan para el laboratorio de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Salazar Vera, Pierre Iván; López Villacis, Gonzalo Eduardo
    The project for the design, construction and implementation of a test bench for the analysis of the efficiency of small-scale Kaplan hydraulic turbines arises from the need to take advantage of underutilized water resources in certain areas of the province. This test bench will be in the laboratory of the Civil and Mechanical Engineering faculty, allowing students to understand the operation of Kaplan turbines and their potential to generate electricity from water resources. During the process of building the test stand, significant challenges arose such as leaks in the system and excessive friction between the torque measurement shaft and the turbine. To address these irregularities, additional stopcocks were installed. One of these stopcocks controls the flow rate at the pump outlet, allowing precise experimental adjustments. The second stopcock regulates the pressure within the circuit before the water recirculates to the tank, monitored by a glycerin manometer to measure pressures between 0.5 and 2 PSI. Medical dynamometers strategically placed at the end of the shaft provided accurate torque measurements, revealing values between 0.5 and 1.5 Nm, validating the effectiveness of the mechanical design. After overcoming irregularities and optimizing the components, the test bench was successfully operated in function tests, meeting the established objectives by providing effective flow, pressure and torque measurements. This project represents a significant advance towards the use of renewable energies, making efficient use of local water resources for educational and engineering research purposes.
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    Diseño y construcción de una prótesis de mano derecha con amputación de falanges producida mediante impresión 3D
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Coba Ronquillo, Emily Anahí; Guerra Chiquito, Karla Abigail; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The design of a functional 3D printed prosthesis focuses on meeting the specific needs of people with partial amputations of the right hand. To ensure controlled and realistic movement, a four-bar mechanism was implemented, configured in a dual system for the four main fingers and a single mechanism for the thumb, this approach ensures that the prosthesis accurately mimics the natural movements of the human hand, providing a functional and customised solution. Each component of the prototype was developed through a comprehensive process based on position and trajectory calculations including CAD drawing in specialised software, which is based on a graphical synthesis of mechanisms allowing the creation of parts with precise geometries and adjusted to the anatomical characteristics of the user. Subsequently, the design was evaluated by means of finite element simulations through a static analysis under the loads generated in each articulated joint, in which the structural resistance and the correct functioning of the mechanism under different conditions of use were verified. 3D printing, as the main manufacturing method, presented significant advantages in terms of customisation, cost reduction and production times. The selected material, PETG, stood out for its strength, flexibility and durability, essential characteristics to withstand the stresses and repetitive movements of the prototype. This integrated approach combines advanced design and simulation technology with the efficiency of additive manufacturing, achieving a practical, accessible and adaptable device for the end user.
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    Diseño y construcción de un dispositivo de asistencia para extremidades delanteras para un canino con carencia de movilidad
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Jácome Chávez, Diego Sebastián; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    Currently, the problems of malformation or amputation in animal limbs have been growing due to the fact that there are no prosthetic devices in the local market that cover this problem. In Ecuador, there has been very little acceptance of veterinary medical devices that replace a limb or provide assistance to an animal that requires it. This is due to the high costs required for the manufacture of an assistance device, for this reason people lose the desire to care for their pets and choose to sacrifice them or leave them abandoned. The technical project focused mainly on the design and construction of a wheelchairtype assistive device for a dog that has a malformation in its two front limbs, leaving it without the ability to move properly, so that a study of the alternatives of existing assistive devices was conducted and the main characteristics that a wheelchair should have so that the beneficiary dog can be coupled without any difficulty were verified; The use of 3D printing was implemented for the manufacture of the assistive device, where the percentage of filling, the printing material and the orientation in which an element must be printed to acquire excellent mechanical properties were evaluated. The result was a resistant, ergonomic and adaptable wheelchair. This wheelchair was evaluated and approved by a veterinarian through a technical data sheet.
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    Diseño de un dispositivo médico de asistencia respiratoria no invasiva en humanos para el tratamiento de afecciones causadas por la Covid 19
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Freire Ortiz, Steven Joel; Infante Núñez, Carlos Sebastián; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
    The Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the healthcare system worldwide, resulting in a high number of mortalities due to the lack of adequate resources to treat this disease. Although the pandemic has been considered to be over, many people have been left with sequelae and respiratory ailments following COVID- 19, which include pneumonia, chronic lung disease, pulmonary thromboembolism, among others. In order to improve the original device, a prototype has been developed based on the UCL Ventura CPAP model, designed in London. To achieve this, the internal geometry of the device was obtained and various simulations were carried out using specialized CFD analysis software, as well as corresponding functional tests. As a result, the original UCL Ventura device has been optimized, reducing its weight by 45 percent and obtaining a maximum value of 96.3 percent oxygen concentration at the outlet. As for the construction of the prototype, it was made by 3D printing with liquid resin model Tough 2000 used in engineering applications for its excellent physical and mechanical properties. The idea of creating the prototype in 3D printing is due to the ease of making different changes in the model and thus determine an optimal design that meets the respiratory requirements of the patient, however, due to the chemical components of the resin with which the prototype was printed, a medical grade resin should be used for the construction and use in patients with respiratory problems.
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    Análisis mediante fluidodinámica computacional de un prototipo de aspersor de agua para un cultivo de papas en la parroquia de Tanicuchi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Venegas Quinatoa, Robinson Germánico; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
    In the Tanicuchi parish, farmers seek an irrigation system that is efficient for potato cultivation since the soil is sandy and requires large amounts of water to be distributed during the day. For this reason, it is necessary to implement a sprinkler prototype, which improves productivity and is efficient, the research aims to analyze a prototype water sprinkler for a potato crop using computational fluid dynamics. An experimental methodology was used for the simulation process with the CFD tool to analyze the shape and behavior of the fluid, once the data was determined, the areas that can be redesigned in the device were identified to improve its performance and scope, the geometries were remodeled and multiple simulations were carried out to obtain a model with better performance, after that the data from all the models were taken and the results were compared. In addition, as a result, it was found that the internal behavior of the fluid depends on the spike and its interior, the optimal speed for a modified micro-sprinkler is 2.32 [m/s] and a range of 3.5 [m] at the outlet of the jet and reaching the soil surface, which results in good misting for potatoes throughout the germination and growth process. Finally, in this investigation it was concluded that the microsprinkler depends on the initial parameters and the type of resin used in 3D printing.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de prótesis de pata de perro, con amputación de extremidad delantera cercana al codo, producida mediante impresión 3D para la empresa Dico-Val ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Urrutia Nogales, Erick Omar; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The objective of this project is to make a design and manufacture a prototype prosthesis for a dog that has suffered an amputation, it can produce serious problems of health like muscular dystrophies, but in contrast to humans, there is not a high supply of this type of device on the market. As an alternative, it has been sought to make a design that meets the needs of the animal in a program which can draw the piece in a computer, then the element is subjected to a static analysis by simulation. Checked as a simulation, we proceed with the printing of the element and the assembly of the prototype, obtaining a functional and comfortable element. The same was subjected to tests, with the benefited can, this presents an optimal development in terms of comfort and functionality. Therefore, it is concluded that the realization of prostheses through additive technology is not only possible but also an alternative that reduces weight, costs and time. In addition to providing enormous ease of design and manufacturing.
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    Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de materiales compuestos con matriz polimérica y refuerzo de fibra de vidrio para su uso en filamento de impresión 3D
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Villegas Suárez, Edmundo Sebastián; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    The present research work was focused on determining the best configuration of the polymeric matrix of recycled PET plastic and glass fiber reinforcement, for the manufacture of a new polymeric composite material intended for the extrusion of filament for 3D printing; For the analysis several aspects were determined such as the feasibility of extrusion of the composite material, the nozzle diameters of the extruder and 3D printer, the feasibility and processing of the raw material such as shredded recycled PET and later pelletized, in addition to the fiberglass in different configurations and redesign and implementation of the extruder machine. Using these considerations, the results of the diameter of the filaments obtained in each configuration and volumetric composition were analyzed, and the best option was determined by means of a T-student statistical analysis; with the result obtained from the analysis, the mechanical properties of the material were determined. The results of this research showed that the optimal configuration with filament for 3D printing is 90 percent recycled PET plus 10 percent glass fiber powder, and this is the most feasible for the extrusion of the filament since it fits the diameter of the nozzle of the 3D printer; at the same time, the mechanical properties of this new material were determined.
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    Estudio de las propiedades de componentes termoplásticos, obtenidos a partir de la resina ingeniería-tough y resina standard en orientación paralela, mediante la aplicación de la técnica aditiva para impresión 3D (SLA)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Yumbolema Narváez, Darío Javier; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabian
    The present experimental work was focused on the study of the properties obtained from a thermoplastic component obtained by applying the additive technique of 3D printing SLA. The specimens were obtained by applying a high-power laser beam in order to harden the liquid resin to form the desired three-dimensional elements, that is, Type I and Type II specimens, which are used in Hardness and wear tests respectively. For the elaboration of these samples, two types of components were taken into account, standard resin and Ingenieril Tough resin with the aim of making a simultaneous comparison between them after the stereolithographic process. In determining the weight, a digital analytical balance of thousandths of grams in precision STX 223 OHAUS recommended by the ISO 9352 standard of abrasive wheel wear was used; the data on wear was carried out in the Taber Type Abrasion tester with the abrasive wheels H22. The Hardness test was performed using the Shore D Durometer and the ASTM D2240 standard in the Laboratory of the Technical University of Ambato.
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    Análisis de dureza, resistencia a la tracción y desgaste de materiales termoplásticos obtenidos a partir de la resina Tough de prototipado robusto para impresión 3D por estereolitografía (SLA)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-01) Villena López, Oscar Rodrigo; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabian
    For this experimental work, Clear resin and Tough resin were used. Clear resin is one of the most widely used commercial prototype resins. On the other hand, Tough resin is used in the engineering field (mainly in scale mechanical components). All these resins are used in stereolithography 3D printing. The investigation considered 3 different post-cure times, all of them recommended by the manufacturer. Three types of curing were used: no curing, normal curing and maximum curing. For the Clear resin, post-curing times of 0, 15 and 30 minutes were applied under the incidence of UV rays. While for the Tough resin, times of 0, 60 and 120 minutes were considered. The CAD models were produced taking into account international testing standards (ASTM D638 and ISO 9352). This is due to hardness, traction and abrasion tests. The abrasion and hardness tests were carried out in the university laboratories. The tensile test is a compendium of several authors whose information has been verified and approved, that is, their level of confidence is high. Once the tests had been carried out, it was determined that the standard resin (Clear), in terms of hardness, has a higher grade compared to Tough. On the other hand, Engineering resin (Tough) has less resistance to abrasion. The tensile results affirm that both resins do not have a marked difference in their behavior.