Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de propiedades mecánicas a utensilios biodegradables(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Araujo Pérez, Kevin Ricardo; Reinoso Manobanda, Marlon Joel; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThis analysis aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of biodegradable spoons and forks to determine their viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional utensils. The development of prototypes from biodegradable materials allows competition in relation to plastic products due to their high contamination worldwide. Mechanical parameters were analyzed to determine whether the material used in the fork and spoon prototypes are efficient and comparable to plastic utensils. These mechanical parameters include bending, tensile, hardness and hydrophobicity, the first three parameters are performed on a universal mechanical testing machine, while the last one is performed in a conventional way with a design program, where the contact angle was measured. The materials used for the fork and spoon prototypes are a key element to achieve similar properties to plastic and biodegradable utensils already on the market, so corn starch and wheat starch were chosen. The analysis of these parameters was compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained showed that the utensils made from wheat starch have similar characteristics, being in some aspects superior to plastic and biodegradable utensils on the market. In addition, their hydrophobic behaviour was optimal, as the contact angle exceeded 90 degrees at most points, making them a viable alternative for the biodegradable utensil industry.Item Estudio de dureza en materiales biodegradables para la elaboración de cuchillos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Machado Muñoz, Elias Bladimir; Yancha Masaquiza, Michael Paúl; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueThe study aims to analyze the resistance and viability of various biodegradable materials on the market for the manufacture of knives, comparing them with the properties of the plastic materials used and determining their suitability as sustainable alternatives in the production of bioplastic knives and contributing to the production of bioplastic knives. in reducing plastic waste that pollutes the environment. The research includes hardness, bending and tensile tests of the selected materials, using appropriate methods, as well as specialized software for design and simulation. Key mechanical properties, such as hardness, elastic modulus, and percent elongation, were evaluated to determine the ability of biodegradable materials to maintain a sharp edge so that they can resist deformation under applied loads. Bending tests showed that bamboo-reinforced wheat bioplastics offered greater resistance to deformation compared to unreinforced bioplastics and other plastic knives. In tensile tests, wheat bioplastic demonstrated higher tensile strength and elongation capacity compared to regular plastic. As a result of the tests carried out, it is considered that the biodegradable materials studied are not only viable from an environmental point of view, but also meet the essential hardness requirements to perform well in cutting different foods. promoting the adoption of new sustainable alternatives in the utensils industry.Item Caracterización y fabricación de madera plástica a partir de la mezcla de aserrín de Pigüe con tereftalato de polietileno reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-06) Mesias Erazo, Gilber Israel; Nuñez Nuñez, Omar Israel; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoIn the field of Materials Engineering, the demand for improving the mechanical properties of new materials is growing. Experimental design (DOE) with response surface methodology (MSR) under Box– Behnken design was used in this experimental work. This approach allows the manipulation of three input factors with three levels each: extrusion temperature (160, 170 and 180 degrees Celsius), size of Pigüe scrape fibers (No.30, No. 40 and No. 50, under ASTM E11) and percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET 1) (92, 95 y 98 percent). To investigate the behavior of the results obtained and identify their optimal performance points. This methodology facilitated the evaluation of mechanical properties by means of traction tests (ASTM D638-14), compression tests (ASTM D695-15) and flexion tests (ASTM D790-17), followed by the compilation and analysis of the data obtained. Traction, compression and flexion results were tabulated and an analysis was carried out which cast the following suitable case: a thimble number of 30 (ASTM E11) for the size of the particles of the shell, with a 98 percent percentage of PET 1 in the mixture and an extrusion temperature of 160 degrees Celsius. This suitable case exhibits the following mechanical characteristics: for traction, a strength of 13.97 MPa, for compression, a resistance of 3.60 MPa and for bending, a maximum effort of 19.84 MPa. Finally, the design regression model MSR reflects a global desirability value of 0.6085. Keywords: MSR, Box–Behnken, Pigue, PET recycled, DItem Evaluación de propiedades mecánicas de materiales compuestos fabricados a partir de envases plásticos reciclados y goma de neumáticos pulverizados(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Aleaga Ulloa, Yessenia Patricia; Valle Velasco, Pablo RaúlThis innovative technique seeks to take advantage of plastic waste and used tires, providing a sustainable and economical alternative for its reuse. The evaluation of mechanical properties is of paramount importance to determine the feasibility and performance of these composite materials. This topic focuses on the evaluation of the mechanical properties of a composite material with a resin matrix, using recycled plastic containers and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement. Comprehensive tests and analyzes have been carried out covering compressive, flexural, tensile strength and SEM Test (Scanning Electron Microscopy). These tests allow us to measure and understand in depth the mechanical characteristics of the material, that is, its ability to support loads, resist deformation and meet specific design requirements. The use of recycled plastic packaging and pulverized tire rubber as reinforcement in the resin matrix presents a promising approach to improve the mechanical properties of the composite material. It is expected that this type of materials will contribute to the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly products, reduce the amount of plastic waste and abandoned tires. Therefore, meticulous evaluation of the mechanical properties of these composite materials is essential to ensure their quality and applicability in various industries. The results obtained from these tests allow us to obtain crucial information for its implementation in the design and manufacture of more resistant, efficient and sustainable products in the future.Item Análisis de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera de Seique (Cedrelinga Catenaeformis) proveniente del cantón Tena provincia de Napo y su factibilidad como elemento estructural de acuerdo con la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Acosta Naranjo, José Andrés; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe construction industry has a key role in global sustainability due to its high demand for resources and CO2 emissions. However, the use of materials such as bamboo and wood from sustainable forests can positively contribute to the storage of CO2 during its growth, offsetting its emssions during production. The research analyzed the physical and mechanical properties of the timber species Cedrelinga Catenaeformis from the Amazon region of Ecuador, and its suitability as a structural material according to the NEC 2015. Samples from the Tena canton were collected at 4 commercialization points, laboratory tests were carried out in accordance with the ASTM D 143-14 standard, which allowed determining the maximum stresses and the modulus of elasticity to static bending, traction and compression parallel to the fiber of each sample. When carrying out this investigation, it was possible to obtain maximum values of modulus of elasticity of tension parallel to grain of 17,603.29 MPa, compresion paralele to grain of 4,459.86 MPa, static bending of 10,723 MPa, as well as maximum admissible stresses for tension parallel to grain of 46.23 MPA, compression parallel to grain of 15.93 MPa and static bending of 30.23 MPa of Seique wood, could be compared with the requirements of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015 chapter 8) determining that it is considered a timber species suitable for use as a structural element with certain limitations. . With this, it was possible to create a summary table of the physical and mechanical characteristics that would serve as a guide for the design of wooden structures in EcuadorItem Determinación de las propiedades mecánicas, compresión y flexión, para distintas relaciones de a/c en la elaboración de hormigón permeable(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-08) Shambi Minda, Alejandra Micaela; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioPervious concrete is usually used in pavements to allow water infiltration in order to reduce surface runoff and avoid interruption of the water cycle. However, this material has a high void content, so its mechanical properties tend to be lower than those of traditional concrete. In the present investigation, the resistance to compression, flexion and permeability of pervious concrete was studied, to determine the influence of the w/c ratio. For which the properties of the aggregates extracted from the “Puertas del Sol” mine were determined, later the dosage was calculated for the w/c ratios of 0.35 and 0.30 using the ACI 522R-10 method, in addition to the use of 50mm polypropylene fibers and plasticizer additive. 12 cylinders (100x200) were made for each one, permeability tests were carried out according to ACI 522R-10, in addition, the compression test was carried out at 7 and 28 days according to the ASTM C39 standard. Subsequently, beams (100x100x350) were made, with 3 test pieces for each dosage for the bending test, following the ASTM C78 standard. Once the data was tabulated, comparative graphs of the properties studied were made. This allowed us to observe that the highest compressive strength was 9.70 MPa with a permeability of 0.37 cm/s, corresponding to a w/c of 0.35. Regarding bending, the tests determined that the modulus of rupture of w/c 0.35 was 1.69 MPa, double that obtained with w/c 0.30.Item Diseño y construcción de una máquina para producir platos con material biodegradable para el Laboratorio de Materiales de la FICM-UTA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Guamanquispe Salas, Paúl Aníbal; Pardo Domínguez, Alex Fabricio; López Velástegui, Jorge EnriqueFrom an environmental protection point of view, it makes sense to stop using singleuse containers made of polluting plastics and start using biodegradable and compostable products. Biodegradable and compostable tableware is much more environmentally friendly compared to disposable plastic tableware. A biodegradable material decomposes much faster than plastic, thus acting as a solution to a major issue today. Technical and technological know-how was provided to design and build a machine to produce dishes with biodegradable material. Research on biodegradable materials and how it can be transformed into a single-use container was carried out. Afterwards, the design was made considering several proposals of other examples and following design parameters, as well as standards related to the subject. The prototype was built and finally the tests were carried out with a proposed raw material, which is based on wheat bran. The biodegradable plates were manufactured by programming the prototype at a temperature in the matrices of 140 degrees Celsius, a pressure of 7 bars and within one minute a biodegradable plate of approximately 70 grams was obtained. Once the biodegradable plate was achieved, some tests were carried out to get an idea of its mechanical properties, especially its resistance to bending.Item Efecto de la secuencia de apilamiento sobre las propiedades mecánicas y termomecánicas mediante análisis dinámico mecánico (MDA) del compuesto de matriz epoxi reforzado con fibras natural (Chambira) y sintética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Salazar Garcés, Dennis Patricio; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThis project details the effect of the stacking sequence regarding the thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the composite based on natural fiber (chambira) reinforced with synthetic fiber (glass, carbon and kevlar) and epoxy resin. The composite laminates were pure chambira fiber/epoxy, pure synthetic fiber/epoxy, and hybrid chambira fiber/synthetic/epoxy; They were molded by infusion process and subjected to curing and finally CO2 laser cutting. A descriptive statistic was performed, since due to the asymmetry of the cases it is only possible to analyze the incidence of the stacking sequence on the mechanical and thermomechanical properties by means of DMA of the compounds. Once the tests were completed and the results tabulated, using records and graphs, it was possible to observe that there is a clear advantage of the pure carbon fiber composite, since it far exceeds the rest of the compounds in all the tests. For the hybrid compounds, it was observed that there is no marked domain since some compounds behave better than others depending on the tests to which they have been subjected. Regarding the glass transition temperature, it could be corroborated with what is indicated by the manufacturer in the technical data sheet, where it mentions that the temperature at which the epoxy resin crystallizes is 91 degrees Celsius and in the results of the mechanical dynamic analysis carried out, values were obtained. which always hovered around 90 degrees Celsius.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de eucalipto (Eucalyptus), provenientes de la provincia de Tungurahua y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo a la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Sánchez Dahua, José Luis; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe main objective of this work is to provide information on the mechanical properties of eucalyptus (bending and tension parallel to the fiber) from the province of Tungurahua and to present the values obtained for stresses and modulus of elasticity, which will be the basis for future designs of structural and non-structural wood elements. First, a bibliographic research on the properties of wood and relevant information on eucalyptus and its uses was carried out. In addition, an observation study was conducted in the sectors where strategic points of extraction and processing of eucalyptus wood were found. The cantons where samples were obtained were Baños, Ambato, Quero, Pelileo, Pillaro, Cevallos and Patate. Laboratory tests were carried out following their respective standards (ASTM D 143-94), which helped us to determine the maximum stresses and the modulus of elasticity both in axial bending and in tension parallel to the fiber of each sample from the cantons mentioned. In carrying out this project, specific data was broken down, which we have of structural wood from the categories set out in the tables of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015 chapter 8), where we only have reference values but not specific, these helped to have a new database focused on eucalyptus wood, differentiating it from other known structural wood.Item Comportamiento a flexión del hormigón tradicional frente a un hormigón en base a PET reciclado y fibras de bagazo de caña de azúcar(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-09) Villacrés Yépez, Jhojaan Alexander; Castro Solorzano, Fidel AlbertoIn this experimental work the reuse of materials as they are proposed; recycled PET plastic and cane bagasse fibers, which replace a percentage of the total weight corresponding to coarse aggregate, in the dosage and elaboration of traditional concrete beams. The technical, economic and environmental behavior of the proposal was analyzed through controlled bending laboratory tests and its cost comparison of these alternative materials compared to traditional ones in the local market. Technically, it was found that the traditional concrete specimens reinforced with 5 and 7 percent recycled PET plastic have mechanical properties according to the NTE-INEN standard for non-structural elements. The cane bagasse fibers did not meet the standards, with a maximum of 1.5 percent fiber addition being the best result. The economic analysis showed that concrete with PET reinforcements is competitive with traditional concrete.