Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/898

Browse

Filters

2011 - 2019122020 - 202514

Settings

Subject: search.filters.subject.DUREZA

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 26
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis de propiedades mecánicas a utensilios biodegradables
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Araujo Pérez, Kevin Ricardo; Reinoso Manobanda, Marlon Joel; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This analysis aims to evaluate the mechanical properties of biodegradable spoons and forks to determine their viability as a sustainable alternative to conventional utensils. The development of prototypes from biodegradable materials allows competition in relation to plastic products due to their high contamination worldwide. Mechanical parameters were analyzed to determine whether the material used in the fork and spoon prototypes are efficient and comparable to plastic utensils. These mechanical parameters include bending, tensile, hardness and hydrophobicity, the first three parameters are performed on a universal mechanical testing machine, while the last one is performed in a conventional way with a design program, where the contact angle was measured. The materials used for the fork and spoon prototypes are a key element to achieve similar properties to plastic and biodegradable utensils already on the market, so corn starch and wheat starch were chosen. The analysis of these parameters was compared qualitatively and quantitatively. The results obtained showed that the utensils made from wheat starch have similar characteristics, being in some aspects superior to plastic and biodegradable utensils on the market. In addition, their hydrophobic behaviour was optimal, as the contact angle exceeded 90 degrees at most points, making them a viable alternative for the biodegradable utensil industry.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Caracterización mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón del camote y celulosa de brócoli obtenido mediante mezclas DOE
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Guallichico Acurio, Johanna Elizabeth; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
    Currently, the environmental impact of sudden climate changes is considered relevant, giving rise to the concept of creating environmentally friendly products, giving way to biodegradable materials, which seek to reduce waste, create new renewable materials, among other ideals, with the help of technological advances. The experimental project focused on the mechanical characterization of a biopolymer seeking to optimize its properties for potential applications; through a design of experiments (DOE), different combinations of sweet potato starch and cellulose were explored to determine the influence of their proportions on the mechanical properties of the material. It was planned in three main stages: extraction to ensure the quality of the raw materials; analysis of the influence of the different proportions of the components on the tensile strength, elastic modulus, toughness, hardness and elongation at break of the biopolymer through statistical analysis; and the precise characterization of the mechanical properties of the material according to current standards. As a result, the present work proposed that first the relationship between the composition of the biopolymer and its mechanical properties must be determined, then the three best combinations of starch and cellulose should be identified to obtain the desired characteristics, which will contribute to the development of biopolymers with controlled mechanical properties, offering an ecological and sustainable alternative, opening new possibilities for its application in various sectors, with these results it can be used in the development of disposable products, contributing with one more alternative to safeguard the planet.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal UV de acero A572, para espesores de 10 mm y 12 mm
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Aldas Castro, Oscar Damián; Tasigchana Bonilla, Jimmy Ismael; Peña Jordan, Francisco Agustin
    The cold forming process generates an amount of residual stresses due to the presence of dislocations in the structure that produces an increase in the internal energy of the material. Currently, cold-formed steels have had a wide growth in the market due to their lighter weight, ease of forming and better mechanical properties. With the advances in technology, the behavior of complete sections can be studied in greater detail. The mechanical behavior of ASTM A572 grade 50 steel was studied, due to the cold forming process of the UV type section for 10 and 12 mm thickness. To evaluate the mechanical properties, specimens were obtained by water jet cutting, since they do not undergo stresses or thermal loads. Then, the hardness variability along the UV section was evaluated both in the internal and external part. Finally, the affected parts and the distance of the onset of residual stresses were identified through the visualization of the modification of the grain size. The results of the study by the cold forming process of UV type section for 10 and 12 mm thickness, show that there is a significant increase of the yield stress, a reduction of the ductility and there is no significant difference of the modulus of elasticity. In addition, the variability of Brinell hardness and grain affectation was determined at 1.1 times the plate thickness from the end of the curve.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Modelo de material para perfiles conformados en frío de sección transversal UV de acero a572, para espesores de 6 mm y 8 mm
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Muzo Chico, Danny Alejandro; Córdova Acosta, Christian Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    There is a notable deficiency in accurate data and analysis concerning thick-walled structural sections, particularly those of the UV cross-section. There are studies on thin-walled cold-formed steels, there is a gap in structural engineering knowledge due to the lack of studies performed in the thick-walled environment and the lack of material models specifically designed for cold-formed UV cross-sections using A572 steel. The experimental work started using the cold forming process of a structural profile of UV cross section of ASTM A572 gr 50 steel with thicknesses of 6 mm and 8 mm, which by water jet cutting, standardized specimens were extracted to perform tensile, micrographic and hardness tests, which are performed under ASTM E8, ASTM E112, ASTM E18 standards, respectively. Data were collected from each test and their mechanical behavior was analyzed. Several comparisons were made between the results of curved specimens and flat specimens of each thickness, thus identifying the variations in their mechanical properties. The hardness tests indicate the zone of affectation being 1.6t, in addition to the affectation of the cold forming process. As a result, the tests performed yielded data on the microstructural behavior of ASTM A572 steel in the cold forming process, as well as its mechanical properties, which will be useful for the support of technical reports.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal UV de acero a36, para espesores de 10 mm y 12 mm
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Caiza Llumitasig, Edisson Dario; Pullutasig Chuquisala, David Andrés; Peña Jordán, Francisco Agustín
    The material model obtained for cold-formed UV cross-section profiles of ASTM A36 steel, for thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm, is presented as a versatile and efficient structural solution. This model has been developed considering its mechanical properties and its usefulness in the construction industry due to its resistance and ease of forming. To analyze the impact of the mechanical properties in the cross section of the profile obtained, three types of tests were carried out. In the tensile test, the ASTM E8 standard was applied, evaluating its mechanical properties, taking into account the tensile strength, elastic limit and modulus of elasticity in the specimens of the different sections (wings, back, curves) of the profile. Using the ASTM E10 standard, the hardness test was carried out on specimens extracted for each thickness, determining their hardness in the virgin material and in the cross section of the UV profile. Using the ASTM E-112 standard, the metallographic test was applied, obtaining micrographic photographs of the grains of the virgin material and the affectation in the cross section of the UV profile. As a result, the mechanical tests carried out show a comprehensive view of the mechanical properties in the cross section of the UV profile, highlighting a greater rigidity in the 12 mm profile and a greater impact on the mechanical properties in the curved sections of the profile, reaching maximum stresses. tensile strength of 551.5 MPa and 554.21 MPa for thicknesses of 10 mm and 12 mm.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Análisis del proceso de soldadura GTAW y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas en juntas a tope del acero AISI 304 empleadas en la industria alimenticia
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-01) Pazmiño Chimbana, Jonathan Ricardo; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
    In the food industry, it has been observed that in the manufacture of hoppers there is no analysis of the mechanical properties in butt and bevel weld joints using AISI 304 stainless steel with ER308L, ER309L and ER316L filler material through a GTAW welding process. Among the most relevant mechanical properties we highlight the tensile strength MPa, Brinell hardness (HB) and absorbed energy (J), these mechanical properties can vary by the type of joint, thickness and filler material. The development of this investigative work is based on the AWS D1.6 standard, which establishes general welding parameters for stainless steels, for butt and bevel welding of the plate at 6 mm thickness, the root pass was required., the hot pass and the finish pass while for welding on 3mm thick plates, 2 root and finish passes were carried out. The mechanical tests were carried out in the body building development center of the city of Ambato and with the help of trained technicians, more precise data was obtained from each test carried out. The data obtained in the equipment were tabulated to relate them and to be able to determine which filler material gives us a better mechanical behavior when welding AISI 304 steels.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Caracterización de elementos estructurales de acero que hayan sido expuestos a diferentes tiempos y temperaturas debido a un incendio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Guamanquispe Vaca, Fernanda Patricia; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    In the present investigative work, different structural elements such as columns, beams and steel straps ASTM A 36 exposed to flagella were characterized, considering different times and temperatures of exposure; For the experimental part, the conditions were simulated by using a conventional furnace in which several samples of steel and combustible material were placed, trying to simulate a real scourge, after which samples were taken at temperatures of 600, 800 and 1000 degrees celsius and exposure times of 30, 45 and 60 minutes, to which hardness and macroscopy tests were carried out in the materials laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering and to be able to determine the mechanical properties of the material subjected under these conditions and compare them with those of the unexposed material; By means of the hardness it was possible to determine the ultimate resistance of the material and from the percentages of Ferrite and Perlite it was also verified that the ultimate resistance toxvi traction increased by 9-10 percentage since the samples were cooled by means of a cold water jet, a condition that occurs when a fire is extinguished; Although it is true that the mechanical properties of the specimens did not vary significantly, from the bibliographic review it was possible to determine that in real time of the flagellum, the resistance to creep decreases in inverse proportion with the temperature, so it is possible that the structure collapses. At that time, from the aforementioned, it can also be said that if the structure does not collapse during the fire and is still standing and without deformations in the structure, it can continue to provide service; Finally, after the analysis, it was possible to conclude that the mechanical properties of the structural steel elements at the time of the fire depend on the time and temperature of its exposure.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Estudio para la optimización del proceso de soldadura de aluminio, aplicado en la reconstrucción de cabezotes de vehículos, en la rectificadora de Motores M. Noboa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-08) Cornejo Herrera, José Fernando; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    This research involves parts from automotive areas, combining several TIG welding parameters, such as: amperage, gas action times, cleaning of the aluminum surface and cleaning by electrical method; obtaining values of hardness and tensile strength, because these parts are of thermal use and precision so they do not require excessive modifications, non-destructive tests were used, this in order to keep intact the aluminum head. The study was carried out in collaboration with the workshops of the M. Noboa rectifier in the city of Ambato. To carry out the experiments, a Taguchi design was used, the welding process was generated with the help of an operator with the objective of improving the technique and the regulation of TIG welding parameters, analyzing the conditions in which the equipment can work correctly giving good results in repairing the material. Brinell hardness analysis was performed, suitable for non-ferrous materials according to ASTM standards, providing hardness values and obtaining properties such as tensile strength, keeping the base material in a good condition. To evaluate the complete repair in the different combinations of parameters, penetrating inks were used, together with the AWS D1.2 code that contains acceptance and rejection criteria for aluminum welding joints, being this a reference, and repair welding was used, which simultaneously with the grinding process gives us a complete repair in the aluminum heads.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Estudio de las propiedades de componentes termoplásticos, obtenidos a partir de la resina ingeniería-tough y resina standard en orientación paralela, mediante la aplicación de la técnica aditiva para impresión 3D (SLA)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-07) Yumbolema Narváez, Darío Javier; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabian
    The present experimental work was focused on the study of the properties obtained from a thermoplastic component obtained by applying the additive technique of 3D printing SLA. The specimens were obtained by applying a high-power laser beam in order to harden the liquid resin to form the desired three-dimensional elements, that is, Type I and Type II specimens, which are used in Hardness and wear tests respectively. For the elaboration of these samples, two types of components were taken into account, standard resin and Ingenieril Tough resin with the aim of making a simultaneous comparison between them after the stereolithographic process. In determining the weight, a digital analytical balance of thousandths of grams in precision STX 223 OHAUS recommended by the ISO 9352 standard of abrasive wheel wear was used; the data on wear was carried out in the Taber Type Abrasion tester with the abrasive wheels H22. The Hardness test was performed using the Shore D Durometer and the ASTM D2240 standard in the Laboratory of the Technical University of Ambato.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de un aislante térmico mediante la reutilización de residuos de material compuesto de matriz de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Freire Quinga, Erika Pamela; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
    The present investigation develops the technological process for the manufacture of a thermal insulator obtained from the combination of gypsum with crushed waste of a material with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for the manufacture of ceiling panels, the mechanical and thermal properties of flexure, hardness and thermal conductivity were evaluated of each volumetric configurations analyzed. From the tests, it was determined that the best mechanical and thermal behavior of the composite material was 50 percent gypsum and 50 percent GFRP with a thickness of 9.5 mm with a flexural strength of 10.93 MPa, surface hardness with a footprint of 13mm and thermal conductivity of 0.11 W / m K,, also the presence of GFRP residues reduces the weight of the ceiling by 60 percent as well as the manufacturing cost. In conclusion, composite material of gypsum with GFRP waste improved the mechanical properties compared to existing gypsum panels.