Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Análisis comparativo del comportamiento estructural de un edificio de hormigón armado convencional y con el uso de disipadores de energía SHEAR-LINK BOZZO (SLB)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) Chifla Ruiz, Alexis Vidal; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    The present experimental work seeks to have a new design alternative to improve the structural response, due to the fact that our area, being located in the fire belt, is prone to suffer damages considered by seismic action. The linear analysis of a conventional reinforced concrete structure was carried out taking into account the requirements for a seismic-resistant structure provided by the NEC-SE-DS standard and the ACI318. In addition, a nonlinear dynamic analysis (time-history) was performed including SLB energy dissipators taking the various parameters provided by the designers. Through this, the following structural responses were compared: drifts, shears, displacements and accelerations between the conventional structure and the structure with the incorporation of SLB dissipators. Also, it should be noted that the first structure was carried out with the design spectrum with reduction factor R=6, while in the structure with the inclusion of dissipaters, 3 pairs of seismic records were used, which were scaled for the same earthquake without the reduction factor. Subsequently, the budget of the conventional structure and the structure with SLB dissipators was obtained taking into account some items used in the construction, which allowed us to make an economic comparison and through this to know the percentage of increase in the cost between the two models proposed. Finally, it is concluded that the SLB energy dissipaters provide a better structural behavior when subjected to a seismic event, decreasing both the drifts and the displacements of the structure; furthermore, these devices dissipate a great amount of energy from the total of the structure, that said, all the damage is received by the dissipaters.
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    Análisis del comportamiento estructural del centro integral y cultural de los gobiernos parroquiales rurales de Pastaza en estructura metálica con el uso de aisladores elastoméricos, en la ciudad del Puyo, cantón y provincia de Pastaza
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022) Velasteguí Lara, Janne Carolina; Cañizares Ortega, Freddy Fernando
    The present research work performs an analysis of the structural behavior of a six-story building in metallic structure with the use of elastomeric seismic base isolators, which allows us to perform a comparative analysis of the structural behavior through the vibration periods that directly influence the floor drifts as displacements, of an isolated and non-isolated structure. It was performed prior to the analysis of several structural probabilities, seeking that the structure complies with the minimum seismic resistant requirements suggested by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard "NEC 15", as well as the Complementary Technical Standards for Earthquake Design, "NTC-DS-2017", the Chilean Standard "NCH-2745", the American Institute of Steel Constructions "AISC 341- 16" code and the American Society of Civil Engineers "ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13, which, by their design characteristics, provide seismic resistant safety. The mathematical model for the calculation was made based on the characteristics of the architectural and structural drawings, making a stabilized structure obtaining floor drifts and displacements in accordance with the requirements of the NEC-15 recommendations, consequently, the seismic isolation was made through the pre-dimensioning and design of the elastomeric base isolators with lead core type LRB. Subsequently, the scaled accelerograms were entered into the structural model of the software, in order to establish a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis and to obtain a real analysis of the structure, a nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the data entered into the software, results were obtained for a building without isolation, including: vibration periods, displacements, floor drifts, basal shear, accelerations, overvoltage of the structure and energy balances; likewise, the basic seismic isolation was implemented in which the expected results were obtained, in order to perform a comparative analysis of a structure with and without isolation.
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    Diseño estructural de un edificio de hormigón armado con amortiguadores viscosos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-07) Martínez Montoya, Christopher Diego; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir José
    In this degree work, the structural analysis and design of a reinforced concrete building was carried out. By means of this model, a conventional structural analysis was performed using a design spectrum with an R=8 taking into account the fundamentals specified by the NEC-SE-DS and ACI318 standards. Subsequently, the analysis of the same building was carried out with the incorporation of viscous dampers using the fundamentals specified by ASCE 7-16, obtaining damping coefficients for the dissipaters used in the structure and drifts of less than 0.5 percent. An economic analysis was carried out comparing the cost of reinforcement for the conventional structure, expecting considerable long-term damage in the event of a severe earthquake, and the design of the structure with the incorporation of viscous dampers, expecting drifts of up to 0.5 percent and immediate occupancy performance in the event of a rare earthquake. At the end of the work it is concluded that the incorporation of viscous dampers provides a great contribution in the dissipation of seismic energy by decreasing the nonlinear dissipation by the structure and therefore reducing the structural damage in the building.
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    Análisis del comportamiento estructural mediante el uso de aisladores sísmicos y disipadores de energía en un edificio de estructura metálica, aplicando la norma NEC-15
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-08) Beltrán Vargas, Luis Miguel; López Arboleda, Gissela Vanessa; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
    In this project there is the need of understanding the dynamical behavior of the building, so there are three structural models that are presented, the first model consisted in an analysis of a conventional building. In the second and third models, seismic isolators and energy dissipators were incorporated, respectively, taking into consideration the criteria of the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 15), American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE 7-16, ASCE 41-13), American Institute of Steel Constructions (AISC 341-16). In the first stage of the analysis, the structure was analyzed and balanced, applying the recommendations of the NEC-15. Once the building was stabilized, the analysis of the conventional structure was carried out in order to determine floor drifts and displacements. Subsequently, the pre-dimensioning and corresponding design of the base seismic isolators was carried out, which were considered as elastomeric type devices with a lead core. In the third model, the design of the energy dissipators was carried out. With the necessary information, the values were entered into the calculation program to carry out the study of the structuralxv models. Once the structural model was generated in the software, data from the accelerograms were entered in order to perform a nonlinear dynamic time-history analysis, and a complementary nonlinear static analysis was performed. With the information entered in the software, the results for the first structural model were obtained, among the main results obtained from the structural package are: the floor drifts, displacements, displacement diagrams, energy balance diagrams, results of lateral loads, among others. In the same way, those analyses were developed in the structural models with the base isolation and energy dissipation devices, which, once the required results were obtained, a comparative analysis of the structural behavior was carried out, taking as main parameters of consideration the floor drifts, displacements obtained and energy balances.
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    Estudio de pórticos arriostrados concéntricamente en V, V invertida y arriostramiento en K y su incidencia en el diseño de un edificio en acero de 7 pisos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Salinas Villegas, Edisson Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    In this research paper, a comparison was made between three types of bracing: in V, in Inverted V and in K of a 7-story building with the possibility of applying it in our environment as it is in the city of Ambato and also so that can be used at the national level since both national and American regulations were used. The pre-designs of the structural elements were made, both for the columns, main and secondary beams, collaborating plate, and the bracing elements to then carry out their respective design, first checking their compactness and slenderness in each of their elements. Through the use of finite element software, each of the structural elements was modeled, entering properties and specifications to its elements, a static and dynamic analysis was carried out, for which the load combinations were defined, and also the load spectrum. design, as well as the configurations of the structure in plan and elevation, in addition to the seismic zone according to the project that is being investigated, all this so that the 7-story structure is earthquake resistant and each of the checks stipulated by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). Comparisons were also made with the three different types of bracing and the price of the structure was analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that the best type of structure was the inverted V bracing, because it has a lower drift than the previous two with values less than two percent and has a good structural behavior compared to the other checks carried out as in the dynamic analysis that complies with a percentage greater than 80 percent, the rotational analysis less than 30 percent in both X and Y; and the participation of the mass greater than 90 percent.