Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de horno de convección forzada con una capacidad de 5 kg para la industria panificadora(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Núñez Arroba, Ariel Patricio; Villacís Verdezoto, Joel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThe bakery industry is faced with the need to increase production speed due to society's growing demand for bakery products. In this context, forced convection ovens have proven to be a more efficient solution compared to static ovens, offering efficiency comparable to that of rotary ovens. A prototype of a forced convection oven was designed and built for the Rico Pan bakery, located in the parish of Santa Rosa. Both the static and dynamic mechanical elements of the oven were made of AISI 430 stainless steel due to its resistance to corrosion, guaranteeing durability and reliability. The oven includes fans that generate forced convection, allowing a homogeneous distribution of heat and, therefore, uniform baking of the products. The oven capacity is 5 kg of product and has a useful interior volume of 0.24 cubic meters, managing to operate efficiently in a temperature range of 125 to 180 degrees Celsius for a time of 20 to 25 minutes, ensuring thermal stability. As a result, in the operating tests, negligible levels of carbon monoxide were detected, which is a positive indicator for both human consumption and environmental impact, however, certain areas were found inside the furnace chamber where there are energy losses, for this reason, in terms of efficiency, the system reached 29.62 percent, which is optimal for this type of operation.Item Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de quemador a gas de tubo radiante de doble paso sin regeneración para uso semi-industrial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Cortez Palma, Anderson Steeven; Torres Tierra, Kevin Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlIn the present research, due to the problems that arise in the combustion deficiency of LPG in burners, the initiative was taken to design and build this prototype, to analyze and perform functional tests, for the collection of data necessary in the determination of the energy use of the burner. Information was collected on the various types of existing radiant tube burners, the characteristics of the materials they are manufactured, the design parameters, in such a way that the most appropriate option was selected based on criteria such as performance, cost, characteristic of the flame and the combustion mixture that exists between LPG and air, the prototype was made using advanced 3D design software, which allowed modeling its main components, in which the gas injector stands out. , the radiant tubes and the support structure for the prototype. The prototype was built with equipment such as GMAW welding, GTAW, plate bending machine, drill, cutter, among others, which allowed the union of the tubes, elbows and others. accessories for support. To measure the temperatures and gases in the radiant tubes in the operation tests, technological equipment was used such as: the thermographic camera, Bacharach Insight gas analyzer, pressure gauges and air velocity meters. As a result, thermodynamic calculations, heat transfer calculations, mechanical calculations and performance and efficiency calculations of the system were carried out, as well as its subsequent assembly.Item Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de mezclador atmosférico de aire y GLP para los laboratorios de la Carrera de Mecánica de la FICM-UTA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Supe Infante, Lourdes Gabriela; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThis technical project was developed due to the need to have an atmospheric air-LPG mixer to perform tests and analysis of operation in the Mechanical laboratories. For the design of the mixer, physical and mechanical parameters were identified such as the dimensions and the function to be performed; It should be noted that this type of mixer reduces polluting emissions that affect the environment and offers adequate combustion by efficiently combining air with LPG. The characteristics of the prototype are: 35 KW of heating power, diameter of the gas injector of 3.17 mm, diameter of the air injectors of 3 mm each, length of the prototype of 0.22 meters; necessary calculations were carried out such as: fuel mass flow, combustion calculations, air-fuel ratio, heat generated in the fuel-air mixture and the fuel mass flow calculation when considering the heat generated. Subsequently, the design of the prototype was carried out in 3D in specialized software. The plans and budget were also incorporated. As a result, an analysis with a three-dimensional model was used to analyze the combustion of fluids inside the mixer and thus simulate their behavior with respect to temperature, density and speed.Item Análisis comparativo del índice de inflamabilidad horizontal bajo la norma ISO 3795, entre materiales compuestos de matriz poliéster reforzado con fibras naturales (fibra de cabuya, fibra de chambira, fibra de coco y fibra de totora) frente a la fibra de vidrio(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Chaglla Toapanta, Bryan Joel; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronToday, the use of composite materials is very common in various professional and industrial applications, so it is necessary to ensure that the materials meet a high level of safety for the end user. Creating composite materials lies in the sole purpose of improving their properties, therefore, in the present investigation it is intended to evaluate and compare the fire resistance of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced with natural fibers (cabuya, chambira, coconut and totora) against a synthetic fiber (fiberglass), allowing us to consider a possible substitution of synthetic materials for environmentally friendly materials, which could open a new market for their commercialization. In order to establish the appropriate percentages for the formation of composite materials, the volumetric fractions of previously carried out titling works were taken into consideration, where the percentages that provide the best characteristics of the material are detailed, having these values, the amount of resin, fiber and catalyst necessary for each configuration was calculated, after that, all these components were placed in the mold sized according to the NTE INEN ISO 3795 standard, applying manual compression on each material, once the process was completed, it was necessary to you have to wait for the curing time and verify that the new material is fully solidified. Once the samples were ready, they were sent to the LIM-UTA Mechanical Research Laboratory, to be tested, finally the combustion rate of each material was obtained, where an average of 3.61 mm/min was recorded for the Cabuya fiber, 6.72 mm/min for the Chambira fiber, 4.91 mm/min for the coconut fiber, 8.46 mm/min for the reed fiber and 9.18 mm/min for the glass fiber. Based on the results, it was possible to determine that the cabuya fiber-reinforced polyester resin composite material with a value equivalent to 3.61 mm/min is the material with the lowest propagation index compared to the other fibers evaluated.Item Análisis de parámetros de combustión en prototipo de quemador radiante de GLP experimental sin recuperación y su influencia sobre el aprovechamiento energético(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Llamuca Paguay, Jonathan Alexis; Velastegui Quisimalin, Lizbeth Carolina; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlThis project proposes the variation of combustion parameters as fuel pressure and injector design in an experimental LPG radiant burner prototype without recovery, to determine its influence on: energy using, flame parameters and temperature distribution in the radiant tube. The methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, using this measurement instruments: thermographic camera and gas analyzer. The characteristics prototype are 1.79kW power, length 1.1m, tube diameter 0.10m and injector diameter 0.5mm. The energy using includes: heat transfer 0.59 kW by natural convection and 1.05kW by radiation, losses 0.98 kW by combustion gases, 0.0918 kW by convection in walls and 0.037 kW in unburned solids, this represents a thermal efficiency between 43 and 62 percent. A real combustion reaction with 127 percent of theoretical air is proposed, which allowed identifying a radiant medium zone with thermal stability of 0.45 m length and maximum temperatures between 320 to 460 Celsius degrees reached in 660 seconds (11 min) approximately. An analysis with a bidimensional model for the internal gas flow was applied to simulate the behavior of temperature, density, velocity, and particle trajectory.Item Análisis de pérdidas energéticas en un motor de combustión interna a gasolina (MECH) de 1600 cm3 en un vehículo de uso particular para determinar su rendimiento térmico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Kevin Alexander, Miranda Pilatuña; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlIn the present experimental work the Otto cycle performance of a 1600 cubic centimeter internal combustion engine (MECH) of a private vehicle was evaluated by distributing surface temperatures using thermography. The data was used using technological equipment: thermal camera, thermocouple, digital thermometer, anemometer and absolute pressure meter. In addition, the thermograms were obtained to temperatures, velocity, pressure of exhaust gases. The theoretical performance analysis was performed using an indirect method generating a 65 percent. Due to,there were leaks caused by heat transfer (convection in the engine block and oil pan) and heat leaks in exhaust gases (11.72kilowatt) and the cooling system (8,037 kilowatt). Thus, It was determined a performance of 33.15percent. Meanwhile, exergetic analysis the perfomance was 43.25 percent. Consequently, the evaluation of pollutant production shows that it is in the values of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) do not exceed the limits of the NTE INEN 2204: 2017 standard, which details the maximum limits allowed according to the year of the vehicle.Item Implementación de los requisitos técnicos que establece la norma NTE INEN-ISO/IEC 17025-2018 con la finalidad de establecer el Laboratorio de investigación de la cámara de inflamabilidad horizontal de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Lasluisa Gómez, Carlos Augusto; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronThe present work was responsible for implementing the requirements established by the NTE INEN-ISO / IEC 17025-2018 standard in the research laboratory for flammability tests of the Technical University of Ambato, for which procedures, instructions, records and regulations were created which allowed establishing a management system that will help the proper functioning of the aforementioned laboratory. In addition, tests were carried out to verify the correct functioning of the horizontal flammability chamber in accordance with ISO 3795, for this purpose 6 materials were used (flexible polyester Pranna, corosil, velvet polyester textile, Chinese polyester textile, composite material “Fiberglass reinforced epoxy resin”, Colombian polyester textile) used in the construction of the internal parts of the buses, obtaining optimal results. From the results obtained, the compliance of the combustion rate (mm / min) was verified in accordance with the rules and regulations (NTE INEN 2205 “Motor vehicles, urban bus, requirements”, NTE INEN 1668 “Vehicles of intra-regional public passenger transport , interprovincial and intraprovincial requirements ”, RTE INEN 041“ School transport vehicles ”).Item Análisis térmico para evaluar eficiencia en un calderín Pirotubular de 2 BHP del laboratorio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Sánchez Mendoza, Alejandro Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlWas evaluated efficiency by applying techniques of thermography in a 2BHP boiler of the career of mechanical engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. The data were taken using technological equipment: thermal camera, thermocouple, thermometer digital, bimetal thermometer, combustion gas analyzer and volumetric meter of GLP. Was obtained thermograms, temperature of gases, temperature of steam pipes, composition of gases, volumetric composition of products and consumption of GLP.Analysis was performed using the indirect method, was calculated losses caused by heat transfer (convection and radiation) 17.4%, combustion 5.17%, unburnt 8.7% and not quantified losses 10%. Was determined an efficiency of 59%. Finally, was proposed four proposals to improve the functioning of the boiler and was executed maintenance cleaning of tubes and burner due to time a financial resource, obtaining a fuel-saving of 0.12 kg/h and the reduction in the temperature of the combustion gases.Item Diseño y construcción de un banco de pruebas para ensayos de inflamabilidad de materiales usados en la construcción de interiores de carrocerías(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Chasi Toapanta, Luis Roberto; Castro Miniguano, Christian ByronThe objective of this project is the design and construction of a test bench for flammability tests of materials used in the construction of bodywork interiors, for the development of the technical project the ISO 3795 standard was used, and other sources of information such as the FMVSS 302 standard, which clearly details the parameters that must be followed for the construction of the test bench. Within the development of the technical project a theoretical framework was developed according to the needs of the subject, detailing relevant topics such as the principles of fire science, materials used in the construction of body interiors, materials used for the construction of the test bench, welding and manufacturing processes for the construction of the equipment. The parameters, requirements and conditions prescribed by ISO 3795 and FMVSS 302, helped to delimit the criteria for the selection of the type of fuel to be used, the selection of the Bunsen burner that will provide the ignition source and the materials to be used in accordance to the service conditions to which the material flammability test bench will be subjected. For the correct use of the test bench it is recommended to read the operation and maintenance manuals before using the equipment, in order to contribute to the duration in excellent condition of the equipment throughout its useful life.Item Estudio de parámetros de combustión en quemadores a gas de uso doméstico aplicando termografía y su incidencia en la eficiencia energética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2015-02) Núñez Galarza, Diego Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago PaúlLa presente investigación se refiere al estudio de los parámetros de combustión en quemadores de GLP de uso doméstico, específicamente presión y caudal sobre la eficiencia energética aplicando termografía para utilizarlos en procesos útiles. El principal objetivo de nuestra investigación es analizar el efecto que provoca tanto la presión y caudal de GLP, en relación con la eficiencia energética aplicando técnicas termográficas para mediantes espectros visualizar una correcta área de trabajo. La investigación que comprende este proyecto es de nivel experimental y de tipo exploratorio; dentro de la misma se realizaron ensayos experimentales de variación de presión de GLP y variación de caudal de alimentación de GLP. Los datos recopilados se encuentran en tablas y están representadas gráficamente con puntos de dispersión entre todos los parámetros de estudio, a presiones de combustible de 1, 2, y 0,5 Psi donde se verifica en las imágenes termográficas que al tener mayor presión la llama se distorsiona provocando una caída de energía térmica. Finalmente en la propuesta se realizó el balance energético y tener un dato analítico de la eficiencia del sistema en conclusión se pudo verificar que el estudio termográfico realizado en el quemador de GLP disminuye tiempo y dinero, además se aprendió como realizar un análisis termográfico que es de vital importancia ya que son técnicas nuevas que se utilizan actualmente en la empresas para disminuir tiempos muertos.