Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis del efecto de la adición de emulsión asfáltica y cemento portland en suelos de subbase clase 3(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Flores Curay, Mara Alexandra; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolThis study analyzed the effect that a granular material such as class 3 subbase has when adding Slow Break Cationic Asphalt Emulsion type CSS-1h and Portland Cement, with the objective of improving the bearing capacity of the subbase. Every engineering project is based on the soil, which is why it must comply with minimum parameters, resulting in the need to stabilize the soil. The analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of the granular material was carried out through laboratory tests, verifying that they meet the acceptance criteria of the MTOP for a class 3 subbase; The values obtained for maximum dry density, optimal humidity and CBR support capacity of the samples were analyzed by adding 1, 3, 5 and 8 percent of asphalt emulsion, determining the optimal percentage, the analysis of the values was repeated, but with optimal percentage of asphalt emulsion plus Portland cement percentages of 3, 6, 9 and 12 percent. With the results obtained, the design of flexible pavements was developed for the soil in its natural state as well as for the stabilized one, in order to analyze and contrast costs which are affected by the thicknesses of each layer that constitutes the structure of the pavement. Finally, the combination of 3 percent asphalt emulsion plus 5.7 percent Portland cement provides up to 61.70 percent stabilization of the soil, notably improving its bearing capacity, comparing the results with the added stabilizers.Item Análisis comparativo de las propiedades físicas de aluminosilicatos en relación con el cemento puzolánico tipo IP(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-02) Ramos Peñafiel, Ramiro Fabian; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThe present investigation was initiated with the acquisition of natural zeolite in rock and sprayed in different deposits, for this investigation the classification of zeolite was determined according to ASTM C 618, the material used is a natural puzolana. Subsequently, manual and mechanical crushing of this mineral was continued until the desired fineness was obtained; The tests necessary for the characterization of the physical properties of IP-type cement and natural zeolite were then carried out, and the determination of the actual density of cement and zeolite was started as indicated in ASTM C 188 - NTE INEN 156. The test was then carried out to determine the fineness of these materials by dry sieving using the 150 microns sieve (No. 100) following the procedure of NTE INEN 489. To perform the chemical analysis Electronic Scanning Microscopy and X-ray scattering spectroscopy (SEM, EDS) of IP-type cement and natural zeolite, powder samples were taken from each material, This allows me to determine its morphology and components at an energy of 15 kilo electron boy (keV) with a level in detail of 2000 increases and in high vacuum mode (HV). The results obtained from the physical and chemical properties show the feasibility of this mineral (aluminosilicates) as a material with interesting cementing characteristics to partially replace cement.Item Estudio de las propiedades físicas de zeolita natural (aluminosilicato) de tipo clinoptilolita para remplazo parcial del cemento portland(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-01) Salcedo Rivera, Verónica Elizabeth; Coello Fiallos, Diana CarolinaThis study shows physical and chemical characteristics of natural zeolites (ZN) called ZA, ZZ, ZI from outcrops of the Chongón Colonche Mountain range located in the Guayas province of Ecuador and of the cement Type GU (CGU) for commercial use, with the purpose to determine if they can be supplemental cement material (SCM). Physical characteristics (density and fineness applying INEN and ASTM standards), morphological characteristics in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and elemental composition are determined by X-ray scattering spectroscopy (EDS). Prior to the tests, the samples that require grinding are prepared to obtain granules smaller than 75 microns. Densities of 3,071, 2,449, 2,511 and 2,494 grams per cubic centimeter and fineness percentages of 99.95, 99.04, 99.51, and 99.35 are obtained for CGU, ZA, ZZ and ZI, respectively. The experimental results, SEM micrographs and EDS spectra reveal that all samples have potential as SCM, highlighting ZA and ZZ with characteristics closer to CGU. All have a high pozzolanic capacity in the content of silica, alumina and iron oxide, exceeding the minimum specified by the ASTM C 618 standard. On the other hand, the siliconaluminum ratio between 2.67 and 4.83 shows the presence of clinoptilolites that have demonstrated efficacy as SCM. The compatibility in terms of its structure, sizes and chemical composition is obvious, however, for subsequent studies it should be taken into account that CGU cement is highly silicic compared to other cements used in studies with zeolites.Item Estudio comparativo de las propiedades físicas de aluminosilicatos del cantón Guayaquil para sustitución parcial del cemento portland IP(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2021-01) Fernández Álvarez, Ramiro Paul; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethSince cement is a natural or artificial material present in almost all the buildings in the world, it is normal to say that it is the consumer of large amounts of natural resources and emitter of carbon dioxide, so there is a need to find a substitute of cement for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials. In the Civil Engineering laboratories, the physical (morphology, density, grain size, fineness) and chemical properties of the aluminosilicates ZA, ZI, ZZ (zeolites) of the canton of Guayaquil were compared with those of Selva Alegre IP cement. Apply the density test using the NTE INEN-156 standard, obtaining values of ZZ equal to 2,514, ZI equal to 2,485, and ZA equal to 2,445 grams on cubic centimeter by pycnometer calibration and other values of ZZ equal to 2,353, ZI equal at 2,233, and ZA equal to 2,408 grams per cubic centimeter at room temperature, which indicate that the density of the zeolite is very variable. I present the final percentages of fineness according to NTE INEN-489 of the samples of ZZ equal to 99.51, ZA equal to 99.04, ZI equal to 99.35, which are optimal in constructions and are compared with the percentage of IP cement equal to 99.72, grinding and granulometric graphs are also presented as an additional contribution to the investigation. On the other hand, the morphological and chemical characterization is indicated, by microscopy, the EDS showed a homogeneous distribution of elements of the zeolites with respect to the cement, but a heterogeneous quantity in percentages of each element. Defined cubic crystalline structures and other amorphous forms with dimensions from 1 to 20 microns were observed in the SEM of IP cement, differing from ZZ, ZI, ZA that presented crystals with irregular surfaces and undefined, elongated and polyhedral structures with dimensions ranging from 1 to 50 microns. The final results of the physical and chemical tests show the feasibility of using these aluminosilicates as a material with potential cementing characteristics to be a substitute for Selva Alegre IP Portland cement.Item Optimización mediante metodología de superficie de respuesta de los parámetros de fabricación de fachaletas mezclando concreto con triturado de tereftalato de polietileno reciclado y su incidencia en la resistencia mecánica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2020) Castillo Herrera, Willan Pablo; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoPeople's wrong habits when recycling Polyethylene Terephthalate plastic bottles ends up in environmental pollution, a plastic bottle recycling machine was implemented in Santo Domingo of the Tsáchilas, and using a Nelmor brand plastic bottle crusher, G1215M1 model, Polyethylene Terephthalate is processed.Crushed recycled PET percentage variations of 15 -20 –25 percent are made in the mixture with dimensions between 6mm -8mm -14mm and aggregate of 3mm -8mm -11mm. This concrete composite material plus the addition of crushed recycled PET are added in a manufactured mold from Artisan 1 that is a silicone elastomer. 45 veneers are manufactured and 4-point flexural tests are made, after 21 days of being manufactured according to INEN 2554:2011 norm, variates between 0,50125 and 1,59958 Megapascal. To the 45 veneers after 21 days of being manufactured, compression tests are made according to the INEN 1573:2010 norm and variates between 1.80700 and 4.31367 Megapascal. An optimization is performed through a surface response methodology using a statistical software, determining the optimal parametersfor veneers manufacturing, where the maximum percentage in the PET mix is of 15 percent with a dimension of 14mm and aggregate size of 6,95 mm. It is recommended in future investigations to make concrete veneers plus the addition of crushed recycled PET with a maximum percentage of 15 percent as a in the mixture, 14 mm dimension and 7 mm aggregate size, and to add a pigment in the mix to give color to the veneers.Item Análisis del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón estructural en base a su resistencia a la compresión, fabricado con materiales de las minas Trópico de Capricornio y Santa Isabel, ubicadas en el sector El Barranco cantón Mera en la provincia de Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020-09) Flores Medina, Pablo Xavier; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThe present experimental work began with the sampling of the aggregates of the two mines, following the guidelines of INEN 695 and their subsequent reduction to test size according to INEN 2566; Therefore, arid characterization studies were developed to decree their suitability to be used in structural concrete identified in INEN 872; in addition to achieving the actual density of INEN 156 cement. Based on the above, the design of mixtures with their respective dosage was developed for the compression resistances of the 21 and 28 Mpa concrete, with the help of the optimal density method. A single dosage was used because in test trials if they achieved the expected resistances; a total of 84 specimens were then tested according to INEN 3124;with their respective fresh trials such as: INEN 1763 sampling, density, air content and INEN 1579 performance, INEN 1578 settlement; as well as in hardened state obtaining the resistances to INEN 1573 compression at ages 7, 14, 21 and 27 days, making it possible to graph the curves age vs resistance to compression and stress vs deformation of structural concrete. Finally, the static elasticity modulus of concrete was determined according to ASTM C469 and accordingly the constants are proposed for local adaptation depending on the origin of material equation used that is presented in the present experimental work.Item Estudio del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión fabricado con materiales de las minas: la playa, ubicada en el cantón Salcedo provincia de Cotopaxi y Salvador, ubicada en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020-09) Andachi Solís, Óscar Eduardo; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThis experimental work was carried out according to the current regulations set in place. The first step was developing a visual inspection and followed by taking samples in accordance with specifications found in NTE INEN 695. First and foremost it was taken from two of the mines that contribute material to Ambato city, subsequently, the reduction to trial size as indicated by NTE INEN 2566; then it started the characterization tests of the aggregates in order to know its properties and its possible behavior in structural concrete, abiding by what was provided in NTE INEN 872. Additionally, the real density of the cement was determined based on what was stated in NTE INEN 156. Finally, the design of mixtures, using the maximum density method, for compressive strengths at 28 days of age of 21 and 28 Mpa. Once the final dosages were obtained, cylindrical specimens were made, fulfilling the process in accordance with NTE INEN 3124. While simultaneously taking concrete tests in fresh conditions as well as sampling; according to NTE INEN 1763, slump determination in accordance with NTE INEN 1578, and density, performance, air content, following the provisions of NTE INEN 1579. The respective tests were also carried out on the concrete in the hardened condition, obtaining its compressive strengths for the ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, according with what was specified in NTE INEN 1573. In conclusion, the experimental static modulus of elasticity were determined and the process is illustrated in ASTM C469. In addition, the theoretical was also determined using the equations proposed in ACI 318, for later comparison and analysis.Item Uso de cemento y savia de tuna como alternativas de revestimiento en muros de adobe para el mejoramiento de sus propiedades hidrófugas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020) Romero Yanzapanta, Andrés Paúl; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis experimental work was carried out with land extracted from The Putzalahua Hill, which was analyzed by the Peruvian E0.80 standard as indicated by the NEC, laboratory tests were also carried out to obtain soil type, soil conditions and soil composition for adobe manufacturing. The traditional adobe blocks were developed in compliance with E0.80, the resistance of adobe blocks with an average value of 1.502MPa greater than indicated in the standard was checked, after the drying of the block, the resistance to contact with water in which the blocks do not resist, disintegrate, cracks and fissures are generated. Adobe blocks covered with tuna penca sap were made, resting for 7, 14 and 18 days; adobe blocks were also coated with cement in percentages of 5, 10 and 12.5 percent, in which very good results were observed, the coated adobe blocks were not disintegrated, in the absorption and suction tests. In tuna sap coating at 18 days reaches a suction of 22.66 gr/min/area with a capillary ascent of 1.08cm, and an absorption of 24.14 percent, because tuna penca sap decreases porosity, coated blocks also suffer a volumetric variation of 5.2 percent. Cement percentage coated blocks also withstand suction and absorption tests, cement at 12.5 per cent in suction was obtained a value of 48.05gr/min/area, the blocks absorb 36.04 per cent, and suffer a variation of 5.0 percent, but in contact with water they last better than traditional blocks. Finally, adobe walls coated with tuna sap were scaled at 14 days, 18 days and walls coated with cement percentages of 10 and 12.5 per cent; which were compared in the simulated flood test, the uncoated wall resists 1 hour 45 minutes collapses, while the walls covered with tuna sap 14 days resist 5 days and the wall with tuna sap 14 days resist 6 days without collapse, the walls covered with 10 per cent of cement and 12.5 per cent resist 7 days and 5 days respectively.Item Correlación entre las propiedades físico-mecánicas del mortero de cemento Portland y el mortero de cal estabilizado con almidón de arroz(2020) Pico Sánchez, Víctor Alejandro; Portilla Yandún, Favio PaúlThis paper investigates the incidence of rice starch applied to a lime mortar, in addition to replicating the process used in the construction of the Chinese wall, dosing a mortar that accomplish the specifications of “O” type glue mortar of 24 Kilograms per square centimeter at 28 days. For that reason the dosage of three types of mortars was carried out: normal lime mortar (1:2 dosage) MNC 1:2, lime mortar stabilized with sticky rice (1:2 dosage) MCEA 1:2 and cement mortar (dosage 1:5) MCP 1:5. The partial replacement of rice starch in the volume of water of the mash is crucial to determine the optimum percentage of rice starch to be used. A range of 0,5 percent to 4,0 percent of additive was used, with variation of 0,5 percent being subjected to compression tests each lime mortar with that variation of additive to identify the optimal percentage. The inclusion of rice starch in the lime mortar increases the compressive strength by the chemical reaction that occurs between calcium carbonate (hydraulic lime) and amylopectin being an abundant component in rice. The lime mortar stabilized with rice starch MCEA 1:2 has a resistance of 25,52 Kilograms per square centimeter so that accomplish the characteristics of a mortar of glue “O” type that have 24 Kilograms per square centimeter at 28 days.Item Determinación de una constante para el cálculo del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón con agregados de las minas GADMFO: La Conde, Guayusa y Punino 2, del cantón Francisco de Orellana, provincia de Orellana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Manosalvas Ramos, Jefferson Ismael; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoThe study began with the sampling of the aggregates of the three mines, under the INEN 695 standard and its subsequent reduction to test size according to INEN 2566; The characterization tests of the aggregates were then carried out to establish their suitability to be used in the concrete indicated in INEN 872; In addition to obtaining the real density of the INEN 156 cement. Based on the above, mixtures for compressive strengths of concrete of 21 and 24 Mpa were carried out, using the optimum density method. For the final dosages, a total of 168 cylindrical specimens according to INEN 3124 were performed, with the corresponding tests in the fresh state such as: INEN 1763 sampling, INEN 1578 settlement, density, performance and air content INEN 1579; as well as in a hardened state obtaining the compressive strengths INEN 1573 at ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, allowing to graph the age curves vs. resistance to compression and stress vs deformation of the concrete, finally the determination of the modulus of static elasticity (MEE) was performed in a total of 72 specimens following the regulations of ASTM C469. Based on this, the following constants are proposed for your local application depending on the origin of the material and equation used, thus having the values of 0.0408, 0.0356, 0.0445 and 0.0439 for the mines of Guayusa shaken, crushed, La Conde and Punino respectively for replacement in the equation (15) the value of 0.043 and the values of 4850, 4140, 5275 and 5190 in the same way in the equation (16) both in MPa.