Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Análisis de vulnerabilidad sísmica y medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso para el reforzamiento estructural del edificio del Centro de Idiomas, campus Huachi Chico de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Caiza Changoluisa, Jhofre Wilfrido; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge Washington
    En el presente proyecto se determinó el grado de vulnerabilidad sísmica del edificio a través de las siguientes metodologías: La primera abarca las metodologías cualitativas: FEMA P-154 que indica un valor S= 2.4 (probabilidad de colapso de 1/251); otra es expuesta en la NEC 2015 que indica un puntaje S= 2.4 (vulnerabilidad media) y la de la Secretaría Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos que presenta un puntaje de 3.2 (vulnerabilidad baja). La segunda abarca las metodologías cuantitativas en las que se realizaron el Análisis Modal Espectral con la configuración de secciones y cargas actuales, obteniendo que no se cumple con los parámetros requeridos por la normativa vigente NEC-SE-DS 2015, por lo que se plantea una propuesta de reforzamiento de la estructura mediante el empleo de arriostramientos en pórticos definidos y el encamisado de columnas específicas de la planta baja, logrando así cumplir los parámetros normativos. Para evaluar la propuesta de reforzamiento se realizó el Análisis Estático No Lineal (Pushover) de donde se obtuvo el punto de desempeño para cada espectro de demanda sísmica empleado (Determinista, NEC 475 y NEC 2500) con lo que se determinó que el edificio reforzado cumple con los requerimientos normativos. Adicionalmente se realizó la medición de vibraciones en losas de entrepiso utilizando la herramienta Walking Vibration de Etabs, donde se definieron senderos críticos para determinar las mayores aceleraciones verticales mediante un análisis lineal tiempohistoria que al comparar con el valor límite que presenta la Guía 11 del AISC se determina que no hay problemas de vibración.
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    Reducción de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de estructuras ocupacionales de acero en el cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Jiménez López, Geovanny Gabriel; López Villacis, Gonzalo Eduardo
    In this degree work, a seismic vulnerability study is carried out for two representative structures that constitute the typical occupation given to steel buildings constructed within the urban area of Ambato Canton. These buildings, according to the NEC-2015, are categorized as essential and special type structures respectively. As an initial part, a preliminary design check was performed using the design spectrum prepared according to the standard for this sector, where compliance was reviewed in terms of floor drifts, soft floor and torsion in plan. Subsequently, by means of a nonlinear pushover static analysis, the capacity of the structure and its performance level in the presence of moderate and extreme earthquakes were determined. Likewise, certain influences of the infill masonry used in this type of structures were determined, and finally, according to the performance obtained, a reinforcement was proposed through the use of concentric diagonals and energy dissipaters in order to improve their performance level and avoid their collapse.
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    Estudio de pórticos arriostrados concéntricamente en V, V invertida y arriostramiento en K y su incidencia en el diseño de un edificio en acero de 7 pisos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Salinas Villegas, Edisson Xavier; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
    In this research paper, a comparison was made between three types of bracing: in V, in Inverted V and in K of a 7-story building with the possibility of applying it in our environment as it is in the city of Ambato and also so that can be used at the national level since both national and American regulations were used. The pre-designs of the structural elements were made, both for the columns, main and secondary beams, collaborating plate, and the bracing elements to then carry out their respective design, first checking their compactness and slenderness in each of their elements. Through the use of finite element software, each of the structural elements was modeled, entering properties and specifications to its elements, a static and dynamic analysis was carried out, for which the load combinations were defined, and also the load spectrum. design, as well as the configurations of the structure in plan and elevation, in addition to the seismic zone according to the project that is being investigated, all this so that the 7-story structure is earthquake resistant and each of the checks stipulated by the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). Comparisons were also made with the three different types of bracing and the price of the structure was analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that the best type of structure was the inverted V bracing, because it has a lower drift than the previous two with values less than two percent and has a good structural behavior compared to the other checks carried out as in the dynamic analysis that complies with a percentage greater than 80 percent, the rotational analysis less than 30 percent in both X and Y; and the participation of the mass greater than 90 percent.