Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Influencia del tamaño nominal máximo del agregado grueso en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Ruiz Gutiérrez, Nicole De Los Ángeles; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis project addresses the substantial impact that the coarse aggregate size has on the compressive strength of plain concrete. Considering sizes of 1 inch, 3/4 inch, 1/2 inch, and 3/8 inch, and design strengths of 240 kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2, correlations were established between both variables, considering the existing relationship between the mentioned factors. The properties of the materials to be used were determined by applying tests governed by some of the NTE INEN standards. Following this, the concrete mix designs were designed for each nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate using the Central University of Ecuador's optimum density method. A total of 72 concrete cylinders were produced (9 for each nominal maximum size). 3 cylinders were tested according to each nominal maximum size at 7, 14, and 28 days, obtaining the necessary information for the data analysis, allowing the establishment of correlations between the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate and the compressive strength. The results showed a coefficient of -0.60, indicating that as the nominal maximum size of the aggregate is reduced, strengths above 100 percent of the design strength can be obtained. Similarly, when proposing correlations with the hardened density of the concrete, this coefficient was 0.74, which means that the density has a greater influence than the size. This only occurs for the sizes mentioned in this study.Item Estudio comparativo de la resistencia a flexión de vigas convencionales con vigas reforzadas con resina poliester liquida(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020-10) Chugchilan Chimborazo, Nelson Hermógenes; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe present research work consists of working with different conventional concretes and replacing the fine aggregate materials and water with similar amounts of liquid polyester resin. Then, it is expected that with these new polymer concretes the flexural strength will increase. In order to establish the dosages of conventional concrete, the A.C.I. method was used, additionally it was corroborated with laboratory tests for each of the stony materials, the tests carried out were: granulometry test, apparent density, compacted and loose, real density, capacity absorption, real density of the cement and the concrete slump test. With the specimens the compression test was carried out at 7, 14 and 21 days after curing, thus obtaining the strengths of 210, 240 and 280 kilograms per square centimeter. In addition, the resin helps conventional concrete to improve its chemical and mechanical properties, thus forming polymeric concrete. After that, with the new concrete obtained, the flexural strength test was carried out with a load applied to thirds of the span in each of the manufactured beams. Finally, using the Mander and Park method, the calculation of the MomentCurvature diagram of each beam of both normal and polymeric concrete was carried out, to perform an analysis of each of the curves obtained and establish that there is an increase in resistance to the flexion when working with resin since the modulus of rupture is higher compared to that of the other specimens.Item Análisis comparativo de las propiedades mecánicas de un hormigón hidráulico (TIPO GU) de F´C = 240 kg/cm2 con diferentes dosificaciones de silicato de sodio y nanosílice utilizando agregados de la mina Santa Isabel ubicado en la via Shell – madre tierra, ciudad de Puyo – provincia de Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2020-10) Caiza Yungán, Jefferson Raúl; Suquillo Ronquillo, Betzabeth JesseniaThis paper has been carried out in order to determine the influence of sodium silicate and nanosilica as partial substitutes for cement on the compressive strength of concrete and its performance in the mix design. Initially it was carried out the analysis of the physical-mechanical properties of the stone aggregates from the Santa Isabel Mine located on the Shell - Madre Tierra road in Puyo city, Pastaza Province, from which good results were obtained that comply with NTE INEN and ASTM standards. After an investigation of these two additions, the standard concrete dosage of compressive strength of 240 kilograms per square centimeter was carried out, and it was used as a reference for partially replacing the cement with sodium silicate in concentrations at 4 per cent, 8 per cent and 12 per cent and nanosilica at 1 per cent, 3 per cent and 5 per cent. The respective specimens were prepared with each of the additions and tested for compression at 7, 14 and 28 days. It was determined that the optimum addition of sodium silicate was 8 per cent and of nanosilica was 3 per cent with compressive strengths of 276.58 kilograms per square centimeter and 355.31 kilograms per square centimeter respectively, both measured at 28 days, denoting a considerable increase in compressive strength from the reference value. After analyzing the variables of resistance, settlement, consistency and workability, it was determined that the best performing addition and with economic savings in construction is the addition with 3 per cent of nanosilica.Item La adición de botellas plásticas PET en la elaboración de bloques alivianados para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Paguay Córdova, Edison Andrés; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierThe present investigation has been carried out with the purpose of knowing the influence that the blocks of work with the plastic have with the temperature and the acoustic conditioning in the middle of a hermetic chamber; for what was done and a dosage was elaborated applying the Optima Density Method for the elaboration of Type B blocks according to the NTE INEN 3066 standard, which served as the basis to elaborate the other dosages with the addition of 15, 25, 50 and 75% of PET plastic replacing the coarse aggregate (Chasqui) and later elaborated type walls of 1.00 mx 0.70 m. As it increases the percentage addition of PET material, the resistance to compression decreases by 4, 12, 30 and 50%, however it is still superior to the traditional artisan block; On the other hand, the more the PET material is added, the better the thermal and acoustic variation in relation to a traditional block and block wall, indicating that the correct addition of the PET material has a significant influence on the temperature control and sound insulation in the environments of a dwelling by not allowing the passage of heat and noise from one environment to another; being the best specimen resulting from the thermal tests the wall made with block with 50% PET and the block wall with 75% PET for the acoustic test.