Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.ACONDICIONAMIENTO ACÚSTICO

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    La adición de botellas plásticas PET en la elaboración de bloques de adobe para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Robalino Sánchez, Edwin Fernando; López Arboleda, Alex Gustavo
    The present investigation shows the analysis and results of the study of the variation of the temperature and acoustic conditioning of samples of adobe. The mud for the manufacture of the artisan adobes was extracted immersed areas in the province of Tungurahua, the parish of Pilahuin located southwest of Ambato, and the parish Pilisurco located northwest of the canton Ambato. As regards the manufacturing process of the blocks, it was established to perform it based on the parameters described in the Peruvian standard E.080 - Design and Construction with Reinforced Earth. Previously, the study of physical parameters was carried out, in order to maintain a good context of its composition, in addition to establishing an evaluation of soil quality to abide by the aforementioned standard. It was established to carry out the study for 4 combinations, the clay plus a percentage of plastic PET crushed depending on the volume, where it was necessary to place in order of: 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The analysis performed for temperature and sound tests is based on the procedures described in the standards: NCh. 851 of 1983, NCh. 849 of 1987 Thermal Insulation, and NCh. 2865 of 2004 Acoustics, where the level of acoustic insulation and variation of temperature was established, based on the construction of a hermetic chamber with metal structure, gypsum boards and wool with fiberglass, in which 16 samples of adobe were placed in Panel form for each specified combination. The results referring to the level of acoustic insulation remained optimal with the block plus 15% PET, and the highest level of thermal insulation was produced with 5% PET material. Finally, a comparison was made of the compressive strength of the adobe blocks made, and the minimum resistance accepted by the Peruvian standard E.080 - Design and Construction with Reinforced Earth. Six samples were made for each combination, where it is established that with 0% and 5% of PET material, it reaches a resistance superior to 10,2 kg/cm2, while when increasing to 10% and 15% of PET, the resistance decreases.
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    La adición de aserrín y poliestireno en la elaboración de bloques alivianados para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Morales Apráez, Jorge Luis; Guevara Robalino, Jorge Javier
    In the development of the present investigation, in the first instance tests were performed on the aggregates to form the masonry according to an initial dosage that allowed us to obtain good results at compression based on the INEN 3066 norm. The study addressed, opted for the substitution of the chasqui by 15%, 25% 50% and 75% sawdust, from which it was obtained that the handcrafted blocks have an approximate resistance of 10.96 kg / cm² and that under this parameter the blocks of 15 and 25% comply with the ranges established as original dosage unlike the artisan blocks, while the one with 50 and 75% sawdust is discarded, due to its very low compressive strength. On the other hand, within the present and following the Chilean regulations NCH 849 and NCH 851, a thermal and acoustic test was carried out, obtaining as a result that the block with 75% sawdust has greater thermal insulation capacity unlike the other blocks tested, while the block with 25% dosing of the aggregate has greater acoustic insulation capacity. Within the study addressed, the process carried out for both manufacturing and laboratory tests is clearly indicated, which generated feasible results, framed within the normative statutes for construction.
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    La adición de aserrín y poliestireno en la elaboración de bloques de adobe para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Pino Escobar, Holguer Alejandro; Núñez Aldás, Galo Wilfrido
    The present experimental work evaluated the use of sawdust and polystyrene in the elaboration of blocks of adobe to determine the variation of temperature and acoustic conditioning. Firstly, a soil selection and analysis process were carried out based on the E-080 standard, later, traditional adobe blocks and adobe blocks were prepared with a percentage of 5%, 10% and 15% of sawdust and polystyrene in addition to each mixture. The blocks were tested under compression in the course of 28 days from its preparation, the test showed that all the samples analyzed exceeded the minimum resistance of 1MPa established in the E-080 Standard, but the highest compressive strength obtained was 2.66 MPa in blocks with 5% sawdust and polystyrene, thus exceeding the minimum resistance by 50%. Before making the test, adobe walls were made with each percentage of additives established, which were assembled inside the chamber, consecutively they were put to the thermal analysis based on the NCh 851 - NCh 849 norms and acoustic based on the norm NCh 2865. Finally, when quantifying the results, it was found that the wall made with adobes plus 5% and 15% sawdust and polystyrene maintains the best thermal variation and acoustic conditioning in such a way that it was selected as the best block prototype for the present investigation.
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    La adición de bolsas plásticas en la elaboración de bloques de adobe para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Cabay Cepeda, Sandra Rocío; Núñez Aldás, Galo Wilfrido
    The present investigation intends to evaluate the use of plastic bags in the manufacture of blocks of adobe, with the objective of determining the thermal variation and the acoustic conditioning; for this analysis, dosages were established with the addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of crushed plastic bags, independently of the adobe elaborated in the traditional way, which were evaluated in the form of a panel using a hermetic chamber, which by means of the use of equipment The insulating properties of each block were determined. To validate the proposed tests, a comparison was made between traditional adobe; and the adobe blocks with the addition of plastic bags, which exceeded the insulating properties of the traditional block, both in the faces of the wall, and in the environments. In addition, the acoustic properties were evaluated, which presented favorable results, with a direct relationship with the addition of plastic bags, and achieving a comfortable indoor environment, in the face of external noise. Similarly, the compressive strength of adobes presented higher values than the one stated in the E0.80 standard, but when the percentage of plastic bags increased to 15%, this factor decreased, whereas the adobe block added 10%. of plastic bags presented greater thermal and acoustic insulation capacity; together with a resistance of 12.19 kg /cm2, keeping the three parameters in balance, and complying with the provisions of the regulations, so that it can be applied in future studies.
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    La adición de botellas plásticas PET en la elaboración de bloques alivianados para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Paguay Córdova, Edison Andrés; Guevara Robalino, Jorge Javier
    The present investigation has been carried out with the purpose of knowing the influence that the blocks of work with the plastic have with the temperature and the acoustic conditioning in the middle of a hermetic chamber; for what was done and a dosage was elaborated applying the Optima Density Method for the elaboration of Type B blocks according to the NTE INEN 3066 standard, which served as the basis to elaborate the other dosages with the addition of 15, 25, 50 and 75% of PET plastic replacing the coarse aggregate (Chasqui) and later elaborated type walls of 1.00 mx 0.70 m. As it increases the percentage addition of PET material, the resistance to compression decreases by 4, 12, 30 and 50%, however it is still superior to the traditional artisan block; On the other hand, the more the PET material is added, the better the thermal and acoustic variation in relation to a traditional block and block wall, indicating that the correct addition of the PET material has a significant influence on the temperature control and sound insulation in the environments of a dwelling by not allowing the passage of heat and noise from one environment to another; being the best specimen resulting from the thermal tests the wall made with block with 50% PET and the block wall with 75% PET for the acoustic test.
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    La adición de bolsas plásticas en la elaboración de bloques alivianados para viviendas unifamiliares y su efecto en la variación de temperatura y acondicionamiento acústico en el cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2019) Cando Pichucho, Carlos Xavier; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego Sebastián
    The present experimental work evaluated the use of the crushed plastic bags in the manufacture of relieved blocks, to determine the variation of temperature and acoustic conditioning. In the first place, a material dosage was elaborated in which the coarse aggregate was replaced by 15%, 25%, 50% and 75% of plastic bags crushed, which was used to make the blocks. The blocks were tested under compression, in which it was found that the block with 15% of crushed plastic bags obtained a compression resistance value of 3.78 Mpa which reveals that meets the minimum value of 3.5 Mpa of compressive strength proposed by Standard NTE INEN 3066. Then, walls were made with the blocks, which were placed inside a chamber to evaluate the temperature variation and acoustic conditioning by temperature and sound sensors, and the Xplorer GLX equipment, where it was proved that the wall with 50% of crushed of plastic bags presents the best temperature variation with an insulation of 34.91 ºC and the wall with 15% presents the best acoustic conditioning with 47.35 dBA. Finally, it was concluded that the block with 15% of crushed plastic bags presents the best performance in terms of compression resistance, temperature variation, and acoustic conditioning to be used in single-family homes in Ambato canton, Tungurahua province.