Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de horno de convección forzada con una capacidad de 5 kg para la industria panificadora
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Núñez Arroba, Ariel Patricio; Villacís Verdezoto, Joel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The bakery industry is faced with the need to increase production speed due to society's growing demand for bakery products. In this context, forced convection ovens have proven to be a more efficient solution compared to static ovens, offering efficiency comparable to that of rotary ovens. A prototype of a forced convection oven was designed and built for the Rico Pan bakery, located in the parish of Santa Rosa. Both the static and dynamic mechanical elements of the oven were made of AISI 430 stainless steel due to its resistance to corrosion, guaranteeing durability and reliability. The oven includes fans that generate forced convection, allowing a homogeneous distribution of heat and, therefore, uniform baking of the products. The oven capacity is 5 kg of product and has a useful interior volume of 0.24 cubic meters, managing to operate efficiently in a temperature range of 125 to 180 degrees Celsius for a time of 20 to 25 minutes, ensuring thermal stability. As a result, in the operating tests, negligible levels of carbon monoxide were detected, which is a positive indicator for both human consumption and environmental impact, however, certain areas were found inside the furnace chamber where there are energy losses, for this reason, in terms of efficiency, the system reached 29.62 percent, which is optimal for this type of operation.
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    Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de quemador a gas de tubo radiante de doble paso sin regeneración para uso semi-industrial
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Cortez Palma, Anderson Steeven; Torres Tierra, Kevin Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    In the present research, due to the problems that arise in the combustion deficiency of LPG in burners, the initiative was taken to design and build this prototype, to analyze and perform functional tests, for the collection of data necessary in the determination of the energy use of the burner. Information was collected on the various types of existing radiant tube burners, the characteristics of the materials they are manufactured, the design parameters, in such a way that the most appropriate option was selected based on criteria such as performance, cost, characteristic of the flame and the combustion mixture that exists between LPG and air, the prototype was made using advanced 3D design software, which allowed modeling its main components, in which the gas injector stands out. , the radiant tubes and the support structure for the prototype. The prototype was built with equipment such as GMAW welding, GTAW, plate bending machine, drill, cutter, among others, which allowed the union of the tubes, elbows and others. accessories for support. To measure the temperatures and gases in the radiant tubes in the operation tests, technological equipment was used such as: the thermographic camera, Bacharach Insight gas analyzer, pressure gauges and air velocity meters. As a result, thermodynamic calculations, heat transfer calculations, mechanical calculations and performance and efficiency calculations of the system were carried out, as well as its subsequent assembly.
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    Diseño e instalación de un sistema fotovoltaico para una vivienda unifamiliar en la parroquia Viche, provincia Esmeraldas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Loor Naranjo, Steven Manuel; Mayorga Pardo, Alex Santiago
    On the "Mi Quinta" farm, located in the parish of Viche, province of Esmeraldas, the remoteness of the national electricity grid makes it unfeasible to install electricity. This situation is common in rural areas of the coast, where the high installation costs and the environmental impact of felling trees for the power lines generate an urgent need for alternative energy sources. The existing problems on the farm have led to consider the use of renewable energies as a viable solution to supply energy needs. This project focused on designing and installing a photovoltaic system for a single-family house on the farm. First, the energy needs of the house were assessed to ensure that the system would provide sufficient energy for the daily use of appliances and lighting. Then, the components of the PV system were carefully selected to ensure efficiency and durability, and installation proceeded, ensuring that all elements worked together optimally and that the solar panels were properly oriented to maximize solar energy collection. The results indicate that the PV system ensures a reliable and efficient energy supply for the "Mi Quinta" house. This project significantly addresses the rural energy problem, providing a long-term sustainable and cost-effective solution. Six-monthly monitoring and the use of MPPT charge controllers are recommended to optimize the efficiency and durability of the system, as well as the periodic revision of the battery bank to avoid total discharges, especially on consecutive cloudy days.
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    Influencia del fuego en la resistencia a compresión del hormigón elaborado a partir de material reciclado
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-09) Quishpe Toapanta, Byron Javier; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes Gabriela
    Because concrete is a material widely used in construction characterized by its high compressive strength, factors such as fire could cause problems in its internal and external functionality. That said, the objective of this research is to analyze the behavior that concrete with recycled aggregate will have, coming from residual concrete, whose purpose is to obtain experimental results that demonstrate how fire affects its compressive strength. For this experimental investigation, the optimal density method will be used to design the dosage with a resistance of 240 kg/cm2, within which 45 cylindrical test tubes were made, distributed 15 each with replacements of 0, 15 and 30 percent of natural aggregate by recycled aggregate. The specimens, after being cured at 28 days of age, were subjected to direct fire by means of a smelting furnace. With the help of a pyrometer, the temperatures that were exposed were controlled, which range from 0, 250, 400, 600 to 800 degrees Celsius during a determined period of time. For each temperature, 3 cylindrical concrete samples will be tested. Once exposed to the fire, they were cooled for 24 hours, to later be tested for compression. From the results obtained, it is shown that the compressive strength decreases as a function of each increase in temperature, looking unfavorable to those specimens that were replaced with 30 percent RA, in addition to this, various pathologies such as cracks, fissures, color changes and the phenomenon of chipping or spalling occurred.