Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica

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    Análisis de parámetros técnicos para mejora de eficiencia en quemadores de tubo radiante de un paso
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Nuñez Chadán, Romel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    This study explores the variation of technical parameters that enhance the efficiency of a single-pass radiant tube burner. The parameters considered in this analysis include secondary air temperature, gas travel length, and the presence of a static mixer, aiming to evaluate their impact on flame characteristics, energy performance, and temperature distribution. The adopted methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, utilizing measurement equipment such as a thermal imaging camera and a gas analyzer. The results indicate that the flame with preheated air at 90 degrees reaches a maximum temperature of 251.7 degrees, while the incorporation of the static mixer allows for a maximum temperature of 233.4 degrees. Reducing the gas travel length to 0.75 meters identifies a stable mid-radiant zone of 0.25 meters, with maximum temperatures ranging from 385 degrees to 465 degrees, achieved at 11 minutes. In terms of thermal efficiency, a useful energy output of 1.36 kW was obtained, with losses of 0.94 kW through flue gases, 0.147 kW through the walls, 0.0368 kW due to unburned solids, and other losses of 0.41 kW. This results in a thermal efficiency of 46.89 percent, compared to the 61.72 percent recorded in previous studies. The reduction in thermal efficiency can be attributed to the combination of the evaluated parameters, suggesting that while flame characteristics improve with air preheating and the metallic insert, the reduced gas travel length increases heat distribution, ultimately limiting overall performance.
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    Diseño e instalación de un sistema fotovoltaico para una vivienda unifamiliar en la parroquia Viche, provincia Esmeraldas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Loor Naranjo, Steven Manuel; Mayorga Pardo, Alex Santiago
    On the "Mi Quinta" farm, located in the parish of Viche, province of Esmeraldas, the remoteness of the national electricity grid makes it unfeasible to install electricity. This situation is common in rural areas of the coast, where the high installation costs and the environmental impact of felling trees for the power lines generate an urgent need for alternative energy sources. The existing problems on the farm have led to consider the use of renewable energies as a viable solution to supply energy needs. This project focused on designing and installing a photovoltaic system for a single-family house on the farm. First, the energy needs of the house were assessed to ensure that the system would provide sufficient energy for the daily use of appliances and lighting. Then, the components of the PV system were carefully selected to ensure efficiency and durability, and installation proceeded, ensuring that all elements worked together optimally and that the solar panels were properly oriented to maximize solar energy collection. The results indicate that the PV system ensures a reliable and efficient energy supply for the "Mi Quinta" house. This project significantly addresses the rural energy problem, providing a long-term sustainable and cost-effective solution. Six-monthly monitoring and the use of MPPT charge controllers are recommended to optimize the efficiency and durability of the system, as well as the periodic revision of the battery bank to avoid total discharges, especially on consecutive cloudy days.
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    Análisis de parámetros de combustión en prototipo de quemador radiante de GLP experimental sin recuperación y su influencia sobre el aprovechamiento energético
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Llamuca Paguay, Jonathan Alexis; Velastegui Quisimalin, Lizbeth Carolina; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    This project proposes the variation of combustion parameters as fuel pressure and injector design in an experimental LPG radiant burner prototype without recovery, to determine its influence on: energy using, flame parameters and temperature distribution in the radiant tube. The methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, using this measurement instruments: thermographic camera and gas analyzer. The characteristics prototype are 1.79kW power, length 1.1m, tube diameter 0.10m and injector diameter 0.5mm. The energy using includes: heat transfer 0.59 kW by natural convection and 1.05kW by radiation, losses 0.98 kW by combustion gases, 0.0918 kW by convection in walls and 0.037 kW in unburned solids, this represents a thermal efficiency between 43 and 62 percent. A real combustion reaction with 127 percent of theoretical air is proposed, which allowed identifying a radiant medium zone with thermal stability of 0.45 m length and maximum temperatures between 320 to 460 Celsius degrees reached in 660 seconds (11 min) approximately. An analysis with a bidimensional model for the internal gas flow was applied to simulate the behavior of temperature, density, velocity, and particle trajectory.
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    Análisis térmico de un prototipo de cámara de secado estática por convección y radiación de 1000 W para uso semiindustrial
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-04) Criollo Camacho, William Rene; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
    The present research work is focused on the temperature distributions inside the drying chamber with a radiation heat source that in this case four infrared lamps of 250 W each are used. In order to obtain these temperatures, experimental analyses are carried out in the prototype of the chamber and also with a modeling of the dryer simulations were obtained in the software, in a transient state with time intervals of 180, 240 and 688 seconds. The methodology proposed for the study was software simulation, first verifying the modeling of the chamber, then proceeding with the steps for data entry such as: parameters for the type of analysis, type of fluid (air), initial conditions, selection of materials, boundary conditions, amount of heat and radiating surfaces, also through calculations of the parameters of heat transfer inside the chamber by natural convection, forced and radiation, with their combinations reaching 771 W, also obtained the variation of stored energy for the air of 15.65 W. Applying energy balance, the losses by convection to the outside are determined, which reach 25 W. The combined results of the heat transfer methods help to calculate the efficiency of the chamber in vacuum (without load) and considering only the heating of the air inside gives us 6.4 percent. In the experimental and simulated time intervals analyzed, the temperature distributions in the middle and lower part of the chamber reach maximum values of 47 and 58.75 degrees Celsius, respectively.
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    Análisis de la influencia de los rayos UV en la resistencia a la tracción del compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzada con fibra de guadua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020) Guamani Saquinga, Marisol Belén; Pérez Salinas, Cristian Fabián
    In the present experimental work was analyzed the influence of UV rays on the tensile stress of the polymer matrix composite material, through a mechanical test where it was determined that guadua fiber has good mechanical properties. It is similar the behavior of a fiber synthetic, so this fiber can replace it. The great abundance, it was facilitated to obtain and process the fibrous material. The composite material has as a matrix the polyester and epoxy resin while the reinforcement is considered guadua fiber, which It should be woven with an orientation of 0 degrees at the time of being used as reinforcement and stacking layers. As the way to improve the mechanical properties. Thense, the Guadua fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material has a volumetric fraction of 70 percent as matrix and 30 percent as reinforcement by hand lay-up and cured to the environment for 720 hours at room temperature. The analysis of the tensile strength behavior of the composite material by ASTM D3039 regulations was performed when subjected to a UV test by ISO 4892 for 50 hours and 250 hours of exposure in an artificial aging chamber with xenon arc. Also, the tensile test was performed with 30 specimens classified by resin and epoxy matrix at 0, 50 and 250 hours of exposure. When the data is obtained, the statistical analysis is carried out using the Minitab software allows an statistic analysis of the data. Then it was determined that the maximum tensile stress of 84.63 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 1363.03 MPa and elongation of 6.21 percent with polyester resin matrix and a the maximun resistance of 71.79 MPa, modulus elasticity of 1518.47 MPa and elongation of 4.73 percent with epoxy resin matrix. And the use of the desirability function it was determined that the best combination when the material has a polyester matrix exposed to 250 hours of UV rays. It is demonstrating the better behavior with these characteristics. It is an economical resin to provide the rigidity and resistance to the composite material and where exposure to UV rays improves the mechanical property.
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    Diagnóstico térmico del sistema de generación y distribución de vapor en el área de lavandería y esterilización del “Hospital General Provincial Latacunga”
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017-08) Chango Cañaveral, Álbaro Fernando; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    The General Provincial Hospital Latacunga is located in the province of Cotopaxi Latacunga canton. For the present work a thermal analysis was carried out in the steam generation and distribution system of the Latacunga Provincial General Hospital. Natural convection heat losses were determined in the 124,890 kW system. The methodology used to obtain experimental data on surface temperature was based on the application of an electronic equipment (infrared thermometer) to determine the system efficiency of 84 percent the consumption of water of 3500 gal / day and fuel averaged 74 gal / day was calculated to determine the efficiency of the heat generator of 79.05%, using the Hospital Design Guide for Latin America and the Institute's regulations Mexican Social Security, which allow determining the consumption of steam needed by a hospital with the number of beds available, which yielded values of 1855 lb / h and 1849 lb / h respectively for a total of 162 beds available, alternatives proposed to reduce the losses of heat in the system of generation and distribution of steam which are: installation of the vapor recovery system flash with which it can recover up to 80 percent of the condensate that is purged to the atmosphere, replacement of damaged steam traps since the proper operation of the traps is fundamental for a good efficiency of the system and saving of fuel, implementation of material insulation in the distribution pipeline with which the uninsulated section of 8.5 meters, distributor - laundry area would decrease heat and temperature losses with 818,145 W and 90,5 degrees celcius respectively.
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    Diagnóstico termográfico en equipos mecánicos consumidores de vapor del área seca de la empresa Tenería Díaz Cía. Ltda. para la determinación de pérdidas térmicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Briseño Sánchez, Milton Fernando; Escobar Luna, Luis Eduardo
    The present experimental work refers to the determination of heat losses by convection and radiation in the equipment consuming steam of the company Tenería Díaz Cía. Ltda., by means of a thermographic diagnostic. In addition, the areas of overheating, temperature variation and inspection of the steam distribution pipelines were visualized. Measurements were made during the working day, in the morning, midday and afternoon because the demands of the equipment at work vary during these periods. In the thermographic inspection the images were taken of the elements that present abnormal temperatures and higher than the environment, and then take corrective measures on certain elements. In relation to the steam distribution pipelines, a visual and thermographic analysis of the pipe sections found without thermal insulation and having high temperatures were performed, to carry out the relevant calculations and then to put a thermal insulation of characteristics such as wool spout of glass and finally evaluate the energy and economic savings obtained by placing said insulation. In addition, a steam trap was selected for the return pipe of the plate which shows a high temperature and direct connection to the sump, through the guide of selection of steam traps of the company Spirax Sarco which directed us towards one that can meet the requirements of the system. For the estimation of the thermal losses by convection, in each equipment a procedure was performed according to the area of heat transfer, either horizontal, vertical or inclined, using correlations and estimates that allowed we to first determine the convection coefficient, for later obtain the losses by convection. In parallel, the radiation losses in each section of the equipment taken as abnormal temperatures and representing losses of heat were determined.