Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de tracción y flexión de materiales poliméricos comerciales utilizados en componentes mecánicos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2026-07-06) Tamayo Pozo Paul David; Vaca Ortega Wilson Henry; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería MecánicaThis research analyzes the tensile and flexural mechanical properties of four commercial polymeric materials widely used in the Ecuadorian mechanical industry: Duralón, Grilon, Teflón, and Nylon. The central problem is the absence of these properties in the technical data sheets provided by local distributors, forcing engineers to rely on international reference values that may not correspond to the locally acquired material, generating risks of overdesign or premature failure. A total of 56 standardized specimens were manufactured using a cutting process that does not thermally affect the material properties: 28 Type I specimens for tensile testing (ASTM D638-22) and 28 rectangular specimens for flexural testing (ASTM D790-25), with 6 specimens tested per material per test type, from a total of 56 manufactured specimens, 8 of which were kept as backup to ensure dimensional control and traceability. The specimens were conditioned for 70 hours at 23.6 °C and 50% relative humidity in accordance with ASTM D618, ensuring controlled pre-test conditions. The tests were carried out in a certified materials testing laboratory using a 50 kN universal testing machine under the standardized conditions established by ASTM D638 and ASTM D790, ensuring the validity and traceability of the results obtained. This work generates a local experimental reference dataset of tensile and flexural mechanical properties for the tested materials, under the specific supply, geometry and testing conditions employed, providing a verifiable technical contribution for the selection of polymeric materials in mechanical components of the Ecuadorian industryItem Evaluación del comportamiento de las propiedades mecánicas del asfalto utilizando fibra de caña de azúcar con asfalto reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-06-30) Yanza Guanina Jonathan Valentin; Aldás Sánchez Milton Rodrigo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería CivilThe growth of road infrastructure in Ecuador in recent years has, over time, shown evident deterioration, which has driven the search for reliable and sustainable alternatives to improve the performance of asphalt pavement. Based on this context, and seeking to make use of waste materials resulting from paved roads and agroindustrial industries, an alternative is presented that takes advantage of these residual materials while simultaneously reducing environmental impact. In this research, the study was carried out in three stages, the first being the selection and sourcing of the materials to be used. In the second phase, the materials and aggregates were subjected to various characterization tests; finally, the Rice test and Marshall method were applied, through which flow properties, stability, and asphalt-filled voids are determined. Pretreated sugarcane fibers were added for optimal application in different proportions, starting from traditional asphalt mixtures with AC-20 asphalt proportions at percentages of 5.5%, 6.0%, and 6.5%. Likewise, using the same proportions of AC-20 asphalt and adding Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) and sugarcane fiber, modified asphalt mixtures were produced at 0.2% fiber and 10% RAP, 0.3% fiber and 20% RAP, and 0.4% fiber and 30% RAP. Finally, in the third phase, these were analyzed through a comparison of the results obtained from the traditional asphalt mixtures against the modified asphalt mixturesItem Caracterización del comportamiento frente al fuego de tres tipos de suelos provenientes de las parroquias Pomona, Tarqui, Diez de Agosto del cantón Pastaza de la provincia de Pastaza utilizados en obras civiles(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Núñez Núñez Joel Sebastián; Pérez Maldonado Ruth LorenaCivil engineering increasingly faces challenges related to soil behavior under extreme conditions, particularly direct exposure to fire. In Pastaza Province, an Amazonian region of Ecuador where soils are widely used in civil works under MTOP guidelines, there is a notable lack of studies analyzing the effects of thermal exposure on geotechnical properties. This knowledge gap hinders the development of appropriate design criteria for wildfire scenarios— an issue exacerbated by the growing frequency of such events due to climate change and anthropogenic activities. The primary objective of this research was to characterize the fireinduced behavior of three soil types from the parishes of Pomona, Tarqui, and Diez de Agosto, located in the Pastaza canton. The study examined physical and mechanical properties before and after exposure to 750°C, including an assessment of soil flammability. The experimental work was conducted in accordance with AASHTO, ASTM, and NTE INEN standards to ensure accuracy and reproducibility. The methodology was structured into three complementary phases: physical characterization through grain size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, and permeability tests; followed by mechanical property evaluation using Proctor and CBR tests. Soil samples were subjected to controlled thermal treatment at 750°C to simulate fire exposure, with comparative analyses conducted between natural and post-thermal states. The results revealed significant transformations in the physical and mechanical properties of the tested soils. Exposure to 750°C caused notable mass loss, volumetric changes, and alterations in bulk density and porosity. Pomona exhibited the greatest granulometric variability, with a 5.17% decrease in sand content and a 3.32% increase in fines, along with the highest plasticity index increase 88.89%. Tarqui showed the most significant change in specific gravity, rising by 5.65% to 2.854, and the greatest reduction in bearing capacity, with CBR values dropping by 34.73%. Diez de Agosto recorded the lowest permeability at 1.98E-5 cm/s, which further decreased after thermal exposure. These findings confirm that fire exposure induces drastic changes that compromise geotechnical performance, underscoring the critical importance of integrating these effects into infrastructure design and preventive strategies in fire-prone regionsItem Evaluación de la resistencia a compresión y módulo elástico del hormigón simple con adición de granito triturado como reemplazo parcial del agregado fino(Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera Ingeniería Civil, 2025) Curicama Gualli Martha Gabriela; Medina Robalino Wilson SantiagoThe purpose of this experimental investigation was to evaluate the influence of the partial replacement of fine aggregate by crushed granite on the mechanical properties of plain concrete, focusing on compressive strength and static modulus of elasticity. For this purpose, mixtures with replacement percentages of ten, fifteen and twenty percent were prepared and compared with a standard mixture without granite addition, using a dosage designed to achieve a characteristic strength of two hundred and forty kilograms per square centimeter. Throughout the study, laboratory tests were carried out to characterize the materials used, such as granulometry, real density, absorption and moisture content of the fine aggregate. Tests were also carried out in the fresh state, including workability, slump and density, as well as tests in the hardened state, such as compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. The results obtained showed that the use of crushed granite as a partial replacement of the fine aggregate, in controlled proportions, did not generate negative effects on the workability of the concrete in its fresh state. Likewise, the mix with a fifteen percent replacement evidenced a superior mechanical performance, reaching higher levels of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity compared to the standard mix. This behavior suggests that this replacement ratio optimizes the stiffness and strength of plain concrete, positioning it as a technically effective alternative within the parameters established for structural design.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de pino (Pinus Patula Schltdl. & Cham), provenientes de la provincia de Cotopaxi y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Toaquiza Chiguano, Patricio Orlando; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThis study analyzes the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus patula Schltdl. & Cham) from the province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador, evaluating its viability as a structural material according to the Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC 2015). In addition to providing technical data, the aim is to promote the use of sustainable local materials in construction, so that pine wood from this region can be used as a structural material in light and sustainable constructions, standing out as an economical and ecological alternative to traditional materials. The methodology was structured in four clearly defined phases. Initially, the extraction of samples from the mentioned area was carried out. Subsequently, specimens were prepared strictly following the guidelines of ASTM D 143-94, which guaranteed the standardization of the tests. Finally, mechanical tests (tensile, compression and flexural) were carried out in specialized laboratories in order to obtain accurate and reproducible data. Additionally, the results were compared with the minimum requirements demanded by the NEC 2015, ensuring a comprehensive and rigorous approach in the evaluation. Thus, the results classify pine wood as low-strength structural. The basic and dry densities of air were 0.44 g/cm3 and 0.57 g/cm3, respectively. Thus, in tension, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) reached 12845.72 MPa, and the allowable stress 11.9 MPa. In compression, the MOE was 1834.8 MPa and the allowable stress was 13.7 MPa. In flexure, the MOE was 5519.60 MPa and the allowable stress was 11.81 MPa. For this reason, these values place it in groups “B” and “C” according to the NEC 2015, highlighting its potential for specific applications within the construction field.Item Evaluación del comportamiento de las propiedades mecánicas del asfalto utilizando ceniza de cáscara de nuez con asfalto reciclado(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Viteri Lascano, Ana Michelle; Guevara Robalino, Jorge JavierThe incorporation of recycled materials in asphalt mixtures represents an innovative and sustainable alternative to reduce global pollution, aiming to offer benefits both in pavement quality and environmental preservation. This approach also contributes to waste reduction, optimizes the use of natural resources, and promotes more environmentally friendly and responsible construction practices in the long term. This process was developed in three stages. In the first, the appropriate site for collecting materials was selected. In the second, the materials were subjected to various tests, such as granulometry, abrasion, the Rice test, and the Marshall method, in order to evaluate their properties of stability, flow, air voids, and asphalt-filled voids. For the design, walnut shell ash and RAP were added, using optimal asphalt contents of 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5 percent. The walnut shell ash partially replaced the fine aggregate passing through the No. 4 sieve, while RAP partially replaced the intermediate aggregate of 3/8, passing through the half-inch sieve and being retained on the No. 4 sieve. Thus, walnut shell ash and RAP were incorporated in proportions of 7 percent ash – 10 percent RAP, 10 percent ash – 20 percent RAP, and 13 percent ash – 30 percent RAP. In the third phase, a comparative analysis of the modified asphalt mixtures and the conventional mixture was conducted using the Marshall method criteria. The results showed that, by incorporating walnut shell ash and RAP in the mentioned proportions, most of the tests did not meet the mechanical property ranges of the mixture compared to the traditional one, concluding that the modified mixture does not outperform the conventional one in terms of resistance, durability, and environmental sustainability.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de ciprés (CUPRESSUS), provenientes de la provincia de Tungurahua y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo a la norma ecuatoriana de la construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Delgado Lucio, Mario Eduardo; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe present experimental study aims to provide precise and detailed data on the mechanical properties of cypress wood, with a focus on its behavior under perpendicular bending to the grain and parallel tensile forces to the grain. The wood samples used in the tests were obtained from three specific locations: the Cárcel and Macasto sawmills in the Ambato canton and a sawmill in the Quero canton, all located in the province of Tungurahua. This approach allowed for an assessment of the influence of the wood's origin on its mechanical properties. To develop the tests, a survey of the sawmills and their respective mechanical properties, such as load capacity, modulus of elasticity, and allowable stress, was conducted as an initial methodological step to identify representative sources of cypress wood in Tungurahua province. The tests were carried out following the guidelines of ASTM A143-94, which establishes procedures for specimen preparation and testing. Five specimens were manufactured for each type of mechanical test, resulting in a total of 30 samples analyzed. Additionally, physical properties, such as moisture content in green and dry states, were evaluated in accordance with the specifications of NTE INEN 896 (2013). This ensured uniform initial conditions of the samples, a critical factor in obtaining reliable results. In the mechanical tests, the modulus of elasticity and allowable stresses were determined using the formulas established in ASTM D198. The results showed that cypress wood exhibits suitable mechanical properties for structural applications, particularly in perpendicular bending to the grain. In this regard, the wood from the Cárcel, Macasto, and Quero sawmills stood out for its remarkable resistance. However, the results for parallel tensile forces were lower than the requirements for demanding structural applications. In conclusion, cypress wood is a viable option for structures subjected to bending stresses, provided its limitations in parallel tension are considered. This highlights the importance of carefully selecting its use based on the demands of the structural design.Item Análisis de las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de canelo proveniente de la ciudad del Puyo provincia de Pastaza y su factibilidad como material estructural de acuerdo con la norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción 2015 (NEC 2015)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ponce Romero, Carlos Andrés; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolThe objective of this experimental work is to provide information on the mechanical properties of canelo wood (perpendicular bending and traction parallel to the fiber) from the urban parish: Puyo, and the rural parishes: El Triunfo, Veracruz and Tarqui, province of Pastaza, and reveal the maximum stress, modulus of elasticity and resistance to parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the grain that this type of wood presents. The research was based on the ASTM D143-94 regulations for the preparation of the test pieces, in which 6 samples were made for each test and both physical and mechanical properties were determined. In the physical tests, the moisture content was determined in the green or freshly cut state and dry state, which complies with the parameters given by the NTE INEN 896 (2013) standard, while for the mechanical tests the elastic modulus and the admissible stresses in axial bending and parallel traction of each of the parish specimens, governed by the formulas established by the ASTM D198 standard. According to the results of the analyzes given of the 48 samples of canelo wood, it was established that this type of wood can be used as a structural material, since its calculated mechanical properties gave significant values, taking into consideration that the wood Coming from the Puyo urban parish, it had better resistance in parallel traction and perpendicular bending to the fiber.Item Correlación entre el CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Isinliví y Chugchilán del cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Gallardo Castañeda, María Paula; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis experimental work arises due to the limited existing information on soil analysis in the sector. Recognizing that such characteristics are crucial for the planning and execution of construction projects, a soil analysis was conducted in the parishes of Isinliví and Chugchilán, located in the Sigchos canton, Cotopaxi province. The results of this analysis will provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing correlations. To establish significant relationships, an exhaustive analysis was performed on 12 soil samples extracted from the study area. These samples were subsequently subjected to both field and laboratory tests. Once the results were obtained, they were tabulated and analyzed; this data allowed for the establishment of correlations between various soil characteristics, providing detailed insights into their properties.In the subsequent correlation analysis between the different tests, 22 significant correlations were identified, with determination coefficients ranging from Good to Excellent. Notably, the correlation between the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and the natural moisture content yielded a coefficient of 72.27, which was utilized in the pavement design process. Finally, a traffic study was conducted in the area to formulate a flexible pavement design proposal. The CBR values employed were derived from both laboratory tests and those obtained through the correlations, confirming their suitability for application in the pavement design phase.Item Análisis comparativo del material proveniente de las minas “Explendor”, “La Ponderosa” y cantera “Tierra Prometida” de la provincia de Chimborazo utilizado para la elaboración de base y subbase en la construcción de carreteras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Aguachela Paucar, Edison Adrian; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolIt is important to note that in Ecuador, influenced by United States trade policies, the construction of high-quality roads has been common since ancient times. From then until the present, the road network has expanded due to the increase in population and commercial activities. This expansion has created the need to assess the characteristics of the materials used in the construction of these infrastructures. In this study, the quality of materials extracted from the Explendor, La Ponderosa, and Tierra Prometida mines was evaluated through a comparative analysis of performance and mechanical properties for the development of bases and sub-bases in road construction. This study was characterized by an experimental approach involving the direct evaluation and testing of the physical and mechanical properties of these mines and quarries in the province of Chimborazo. The results of the analysis show that most of the materials from the mines meet the standards established by the Ministry of Public Works (MOP); however, La Ponderosa does not meet the requirements for the abrasion of base material, as the obtained value (44 percent) exceeds the permissible limit (40 percent). Additionally, it has been verified that the materials comply with CBR values of more than 80 percent for bases and more than 30 percent for sub-bases. It is recommended to use material from Explendor deposits for projects requiring high mechanical strength and durability of bases and sub-bases.