Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis del módulo de elasticidad del hormigón estructural en base a su resistencia a la compresión, fabricado con materiales primarios de las minas guayusa y Panamá, en el sector del río Upano, cantón Morona, provincia de Morona Santiago.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Ulcuango Valverde, Marlon Richard; Núñez Aldaz, Galo WilfridoConcrete is a material widely used in structural processes, mainly due to its ability to adapt to different shapes, thanks to its plastic state in fresh condition, which facilitates its molding into various sizes. One of the properties of concrete is its Static Modulus of Elasticity, which quantifies the stiffness of the material and its resistance to axial deformations. Since coarse and fine aggregates make up the largest percentage of the mix, it is essential to study their physical and mechanical properties. This analysis allows a precise understanding of the behavior of concrete as an efficient structural material. The development of this experimental work began with the collection of aggregate samples from two mines, and their reduction to test size. Subsequently, aggregate characterization studies were carried out to evaluate their application in structural concrete, and the actual density of the cement was determined. Based on these results, we proceeded to the design of mixtures, establishing the dosage for concretes with compressive strengths of 21 and 28 MPa, using the optimum density method. A single dosage was used, since the initial tests achieved the expected strengths. In total, 84 concrete specimens were tested, performing both fresh and hardened evaluations. Tests in the fresh state included: sampling, density, air content, yield and slump. In the hardened state, compressive strengths were determined at ages 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, allowing the drawing of age vs. compressive strength and stress vs. strain curves for structural concrete. Finally, the Modulus of Static Elasticity (MEE) of the concrete was calculated according to ASTM C469. From these results, specific constants are proposed for local adaptation of the aggregates, depending on the origin of the materials and the equation used, which are detailed in this experimental wor.Item Evaluación de la capacidad estructural resistente al fuego del edificio de carrocerías Cepeda.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Alvarez Salguero, Alex Santiago; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséFire has represented a problem in steel structures, in addition, the NEC does not establish loads or time that the structures must withstand this phenomenon, therefore, this research was developed, which analyzes the susceptibility to fire with international standards such as the Eurocode of Carrocerías Cepeda, a company dedicated to the manufacture of car bodies in which the elements involved in its production are highly flammable and have a high probability of causing a fire. The research was developed through three phases, the first one where the linear analysis of the structure was carried out considering the aspects of the NEC, thus identifying the critical profiles under normal conditions. During the second phase, the temperature reached by the profiles that make up the structure was analyzed, reaching high temperatures, which directly affected the properties of the steel such as the modulus of elasticity and yield strength, decreasing its structural capacity and increasing the probability of collapse. For the third phase, Gypsum material was implemented as a protective measure, which improved the fire resistance of the structure. The results show that Gypsum is an excellent fire protection material as it significantly reduces the temperatures in each of the profiles from 713.82 to 168.12 degrees Celsius, in the case of the most critical profile. The structural capacity after the fire will depend on the amount of material placed inside the structure.Item Obtención y caracterización físico-mecánica de un biopolímero a partir del almidón de la oca (Oxalis Tuberosa)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Tocalema Tisalema, Nelly Marisol; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoCurrently, traditional polymers have a wide range of applications, especially in the packaging industry, where a considerable number of tons are used per year. However, they have drawbacks that must be taken into account. Commercial plastics are manufactured using raw materials from non-renewable resources, such as oil, whose availability is decreasing and its price constantly increasing. Furthermore, they persist in the environment for extended periods of time, causing major environmental problems. This work was developed in three essential stages to obtain optimal results. The first stage consisted of the extraction of goose starch, using a juice extractor, followed by obtaining the biopolymer through a design of experiments (DOE) by mixing, at room temperature and a curing time of 8 days. The second stage included the characterization of the biopolymer, carried out according to the ASTM D638 (Tensile) standard, using a universal testing machine, and the evaluation of biodegradability in accordance with the INTE ISO 14855-1 standard, through ground and air tests. In the third stage, the results obtained were tabulated and analyzed using statistical software. This allowed us to statistically test the assumptions and verify the significance of the model (ANOVA) to identify the best compound. The results showed a maximum tensile stress of 4.10 MPa, an elastic modulus of 23.86 MPa, an elongation of 5.3 percent, in biodegradability tests, a weight loss of 53.36 percent in air and 58.77 percent in the earth.Item Elaboración de concreto con adición de bagazo de café para incrementar su resistencia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Amancha Zamora, Andrea Nicole; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe decomposition of organic waste in landfills produces methane, a gas with a global warming potential 21 times greater than CO₂. Coffee bagasse (BC) is a significant organic waste in these landfills, so it is crucial to find a recycling solution to turn it into a valuable resource. The concrete industry can play an important role in increasing the recycling rate of this waste material. However, due to its high organic content, BC is not suitable for direct use in structural concrete. This research analyzed the pyrolysis of BC at different temperatures (350 and 349.50 degrees Celsius) to evaluate its suitability in improving the mechanical properties of concrete. Both raw and pyrolyzed forms of BC were used as replacements for fine aggregate (sand) in proportions of 5, 10 and 20 volume percent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and compressive strength tests on concrete were performed to investigate the material properties and their behavior in concrete composites. The results show that the leaching of organic compounds from BC hinders the hydration reaction of cement particles, significantly affecting the compressive strength of concrete mixed with raw BC. However, pyrolysis of BC at 349.50 degrees Celsius markedly improved the material properties, resulting in a 22.39 percent increase in the compressive strength of concrete mixed with coffee biochar.Item Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal UV de acero A572, para espesores de 10 mm y 12 mm(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Aldas Castro, Oscar Damián; Tasigchana Bonilla, Jimmy Ismael; Peña Jordan, Francisco AgustinThe cold forming process generates an amount of residual stresses due to the presence of dislocations in the structure that produces an increase in the internal energy of the material. Currently, cold-formed steels have had a wide growth in the market due to their lighter weight, ease of forming and better mechanical properties. With the advances in technology, the behavior of complete sections can be studied in greater detail. The mechanical behavior of ASTM A572 grade 50 steel was studied, due to the cold forming process of the UV type section for 10 and 12 mm thickness. To evaluate the mechanical properties, specimens were obtained by water jet cutting, since they do not undergo stresses or thermal loads. Then, the hardness variability along the UV section was evaluated both in the internal and external part. Finally, the affected parts and the distance of the onset of residual stresses were identified through the visualization of the modification of the grain size. The results of the study by the cold forming process of UV type section for 10 and 12 mm thickness, show that there is a significant increase of the yield stress, a reduction of the ductility and there is no significant difference of the modulus of elasticity. In addition, the variability of Brinell hardness and grain affectation was determined at 1.1 times the plate thickness from the end of the curve.Item Modelo de material para perfiles conformado en frío de sección transversal tipo UV de acero a36, para espesores de 6 mm y 8 mm(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Mayancha Vargas, Edward Joel; Quizhpe Bustamante, Boris Alexander; Peña Jordán, Francisco AgustínIn order to determine the variation of mechanical properties such as hardness, yield stress, modulus of elasticity, maximum load, grain size variation and elongation percentage, comparing them in curved areas and flat areas of a cold-formed profile of UV type section. Tensile, hardness and micrographic tests were developed, ASTM A-36 steel material was used with thicknesses of 6 mm and 8 mm, obtaining specimens for their respective tests under ASTM E8 standards for tensile tests, ASTM E112 for micrographic and the hardness method used was Brinell HBW for hardness tests with ASTM E10 standard, when performing the tests and trials on the virgin material and the cold-formed material of UV type section, it was determined that there are better results of mechanical properties in the curved areas of the cold-formed profile due to its stress concentration, this much more specifically for the specimen of higher thickness for its cross-sectional area, after comparing all the results obtained it was observed that the maximum value of yield stresses in its curved part was 482.81 MPa compared to its wings that have a minimum value of 210.93 MPa. As a result, it was proved that there is a variation of mechanical properties after a cold forming process for an A-36 steel material, which will be very helpful for future research.Item Análisis del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión fabricado con materiales de las minas: Erick Joel y Virginia ubicadas en el cantón Píllaro provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Constante Álvarez, Marlon Israel; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoThe present experimental work seeks to reduce the existing uncertainty among calculators by using a value of the modulus of elasticity, providing a value that adapts to the reality of the materials available in our environment. The study begins with an in situ sampling and subsequent reduction to trial size of the aggregates from the Erick Joel and Virginia mines, which provide a considerable amount of aggregates for construction within and outside the province. The technical work begins in laboratories with the obtaining of the physicalmechanical characteristics of the aggregates of both mines, the data obtained in the laboratory were analyzed using computer software, which, in addition to analyzing the data, allowed us to perform calculations and design a mixture of concrete that guaranteed a compressive stress of 24 and 28 MPa at 28 days of age, once the quantities to be mixed were obtained, cylindrical specimens were made that were tested at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of age. Finally, and based on the results obtained, both the local factors ka and kb were determined, as well as the static modulus of elasticity of the concrete, values that vary significantly from those proposed by the A.C.I. and NEC.Item Estudio del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión fabricado con materiales de las minas: mora ubicada en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua y Cantera Volcán ubicada en el cantón Baños provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Masaquiza Páez, Nathaly Michelle; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaIt is necessary for the calculator to be able to know with certainty the value of the modulus of elasticity of the concrete that has to be elaborated with the materials of the area, the selected mines, provide in great quantity the stone aggregate used in the construction in the province of Tungurahua, Therefore, defining the modulus of elasticity of the concrete made with these aggregates is a great contribution to society, since the values obtained represent a reliable and safe source. The characterization tests of the aggregates allowed to adapt an appropriate and personalized dosage by means of the optimal density method, in the elaboration of cylindrical test specimens for resistances of 210 and 280 kg/square centimeters at 28 days of age according to the ASTM C-469 standard. Based on the previous results, the ka and kb factors were determined for light and normal weight concrete, respectively, values that vary significantly from those proposed by the A.C.I. 318 and A.C.I. 363. These new values will be used to calculate a real modulus of static elasticity of concrete, which will ultimately be reflected in the optimization and reduction of uncertainties in the design of structures to be built with the two mines.Item La resistencia a la compresión del hormigón y su influencia en el módulo de elasticidad estático en el cantón Tena, provincia de Napo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Valle Valle, David Alexander; Frías Torres, Alex XavierThe present report consists of determining a formula for the calculation of the static modulus of elasticity based on the compressive strength of the concrete obtained with the use of aggregates acquired in quarries located in the Province of Napo, Canton Tena. For this purpose, tests were carried out to determine the properties and characteristics of the aggregates from the "Planta de Asfalto GAD Municipal de Tena" and the "Venecia 38" mine. Once the necessary data had been obtained, the Optimum Density method was applied to design the concrete mix to meet the specified strength of 24 MPa at the age of 28 days and subsequently concrete specimens of 10 cm diameter x 20 cm high were made using type IP hydraulic cement, without additives. By means of simple compression tests performed at 28 days of concrete maturity and in accordance with ASTM C469, the Moduli of Elasticity corresponding to the specimens previously selected for the test were obtained and a comparison was made with the Moduli of Elasticity calculated with the equations established by ACI 318 and ACI 363. Finally, practical equations are proposed that allow the calculation of the static modulus of elasticity of concrete as a function of its strength for concrete made with aggregates from the "Planta de Asfalto GAD Municipal de Tena" and the "Venecia 38" mine.Item Análisis del módulo de elasticidad estático del hormigón en base a su resistencia a la compresión, fabricado con materiales de las minas: Comanche Uno y Comanche Dos, ubicadas en el cantón Palora, provincia de Morona Santiago(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-03) López Kayuk, Lizbeth Aracely; Núñez Aldás, Galo WilfridoThis experimental work began with a visual inspection and sampling of fine and coarse aggregates from the "Comanche Uno" and "Comanche Dos" mines, continuing with the process, a reduction to test size was carried out. Once the samples were obtained, the characterization tests of the aggregates began in the laboratory with the aim of knowing their physical-mechanical properties and with the data obtained designing the concrete mixtures, using the method of optimum density for compressive strength. at 28 days of age at 21 and 24 MPa. To continue with the process, cylindrical specimens were made, simultaneously with this process tests were carried out on fresh concrete, as well as: determination of settlement, density, performance and air content. Tests were also carried out on the concrete in the hardened state, such as the determination of the compressive strength at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age and the test for the determination of the static elasticity modulus, which is carried out at 28 days old. The static modulus of elasticity was determined experimentally in accordance with ASTM C469 and theoretically in accordance with ACI 318. To conclude with the experimental work, the analysis and comparison of results was carried out.