Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón al reemplazar parcialmente el agregado fino por escoria siderúrgica de horno eléctrico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Laica Fernández, Darío Javier; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe objective of the experimental work was to analyze the results obtained through tests of the ZHIMADZU compression machine, model CONCRETO 2000X for specimens of 100mm diameter by 200mm height with partial substitutions of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of fine aggregate by steel slag for ages of 14, 28 and 60 days of age in addition to undergoing death and death by 60 days of age, to determine how it influences the resistance to compression. In order to carry out the concrete tests, the analysis of the aggregates in the elaboration of the concrete for the design of the mixture with a density of 240 kg / cm2 was used, reaching to determine the granulometry, the loose bulk density, the compacted bulk density, Relative density and absorption capacity as described in Standards NTE INEN 696, 858, 856, 857 and 156. Once the appropriate dosage was made, 96 specimens were prepared for their designs. The specimens were processed to perform the compression tests at 14, 28 and 60 days of age, obtaining information on how to influence the steel slag in the compressive strength in cement in its different percentages of magnesium sulfate replacement. MgSO4, under the criterion of ACI318-14, where it was possible to notice the disintegration of the cement paste, the increase in its dimensions, the appearance of microcracks and a great loss of resistance after having been subjected to cycles of immersion, drying and cooling in magnesium sulfate.Item Estudio de la hidrofobicidad de hormigones de F’C=240 KGCM2 con adición de dióxido de titanio ( Ti02)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Chacón Romero, Dubraska Yamileth; Medina Robalino, Wilson SantiagoIn the present research project, the objective was to determine the hydrophobicity of the concrete with a dosage of 240 Kg / cm2, for which the addition of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) will be implemented as substitution of different percentages of cement, understanding by hydrophobicity that property that certain materials have when they are able to repel the water that falls on their surface. To be able to evaluate the influence of Titanium Dioxide, it was necessary to elaboration of a series of test tubes with different concentrations, that is to say, with 5%, 10% and 15% of TiO2 to compare them with others made with a conventional reference concrete. To evaluate the hydrophobicity of the samples, it was necessary to test the concrete cylinders in hardened state at an age of 28 days and applying the European standard UNE-EN 12390-8. Also, the compression test of the specimens was carried out in compliance with ASTMC39 in order to determine if the addition of titanium dioxide produces an increase or decrease of its resistant capacity. Likewise, the ASTM C 231 standard was applied with the purpose to evaluate if the mix in fresh state with substitution of Titanium Dioxide allows the reduction of voids inside. Finally, it was determined that the samples studied did not have hydrophobicity characteristics with the addition of Titanium Dioxide, however, it did become waterproof, since the water was able to penetrate inside máximum 16 mm. In addition, it was obtained that the addition of TiO2 allowed the reduction of vacuum inside, and the increase of its resistance when it is subjected to a compression.Item Desarrollo de un programa interactivo para el cálculo y diseño de columnas aplicando el software MATLAB(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Bassantes Clavijo, Ebenezer Jamarhold; Cevallos Cabrera, Jorge WashingtonIn this research project the coding was done in the graphical interface of MATLAB software for the development of a design program reinforced concrete columns, which allows us to design a column of rectangular and circular quickly and safe, having as input data: properties of materials, and external loads acting. For the creation of the program it was necessary to analyze the different design methods of columns approved by the regulations in force in the country and foreign standards such as: The Ecuadorian Construction Standard (NEC-SE-HM 2015) and The American Concrete Institute (ACI-318-2014). The verification and validity of results was carried out by comparing manual calculations and the program; getting a margin of error of less than 5%, which verifies that the results obtained through the program are reliable.Item Determinación de las propiedades mecánicas de un hormigón con sustitución parcial y total del cemento por una resina de poliéster(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Rogel Apolo, Elvis Fernando; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe present experimental work is on the elaboration of a simple concrete which will substitute cement with polyester resin in various different pencentages percentages to replace it completely, to analyze its resistance to compression, bending and indirect traction. First, the properties of the materials to be used were analyzed, with the purpose of verifying that they are optimal for their use and that they meet the requirements for dosage by the method of optimal density. Nest, a mixture was developed for the concrete cylinders used for the test to verify that the dosage complies with the design resistance; It was observed that when mixing the polyester resin with cement, the mixture was very fluid, which is why the paste was replaced by polyester resin in the same percentages. Later , concrete was developed with substitution of the paste with the polyester resin in different percentages (0% 50% 75% 100%) with 3 samples for each dosage, and those in a fresh state were analyzed to study the properties of workability homogeneity and density. The samples in a hardened state were analyzed for their the density, resistance to compression, bending and indirect traction. In the final stage, tests were carried out at 14 and 28 days of age, obtaining information on the behavior of the concrete and its different results; For compression resistance, it increased by about 3 times its original resistance, as well as the module of rupture but in 2 times. its resistance to traction and to bending in comparison to traditional concrete.Item Determinación de la resistencia a flexión en vigas de hormigón ligero estructural incluyendo arcilla expandida y su comparación con hormigones tradicionales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Ortega Mera, Klever David; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe purpose of this experimental study was to analyze the results of the bending test on concrete beams simply adding expanded clay replacing the coarse aggregate. To prepare specimens (beams), it was carried out with brought materials from the quarry "PENINSULA" located in Canton Ambato, Tungurahua Province, in which they moved to the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics Technical University of Ambato, for their mechanical properties and verify its limits states through various materials testing. Once obtained the mechanical properties of the materials concrete proportions calculated for a design strength fc = 240Kg / cm² using Method Aim Density. According to the dosage obtained specimens (beams) with proportions of 30% and 50% of expanded clay in replacement of coarse aggregate making the material it took volume were prepared. Finally the bending test beams at 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days of age were performed, thus having an important result on resistance and specific weight of the concrete, since the aggregate is very light and strongItem Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a tracción y compresión del hormigón adicionando virutas de acero comercial fundido y el hormigón con fibras de acero comerciales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Sandoval Unapucha, Franklin Mauricio; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe present project was realized with two recycled materials that can be added in the mixtures of concrete. Two mechanical waste materials were implemented in each of the mixtures, affecting the mechanical properties of a traditional or common concrete to obtain a concrete of greater resistance to compression, and traction to be more resistant to the generation of cracks. In the first instance, the properties of the aggregates to be used were determined from the quarry of stone materials located in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua province, thus verifying that the gravel and sand to be used in the dosage comply with the parameters established in The Inen 694 standard, after obtaining this data, the recycled commercial steel fiber and recycled molten commercial steel chip were collected, resulting from the recycling of the lathes, which were screened to avoid the presence of impurities that could damage the concrete. With this background, the dosage was calculated for a concrete with fc of 240 kg / cm2, consecutively 126 cylindrical specimens of concrete were made, eighteen samples were made for each percentage of recycled commercial steel fiber and commercial steel shavings Melt recycled by adding to the mix, the percentages used were 1%, 1.25% and 1.5% added to the concrete mix. These were tested for their resistance to compression and traction at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 days, testing three cylinders for compressive strength, and tensile strength. The mixture which approximates most to the resistance established for a common concrete of 240 kg / cm2 when working with 1.25% of the addition of recycled commercial steel, the results are favorable since a resistance greater than that established to Which meets its maximum strength having a 17% increase in compression and when working with 1.5% addition of recycled commercial steel, the most favorable results are obtained a 3.9% increase in traction.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón tradicional, con hormigón al emplear zeolita natural en reemplazo parcial del cemento(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Valenzuela Romero, Yadira Gudalupe; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánThe present experimental project treat about the elaboration of concrete with zeolite and the zeolite-lime mixture as partial substituting materials of the cement, in the levels of 10%, 20% and 30%, and a traditional concrete with a compressive strength of 240 kg/cm². In the first place the material was analyzed, with the purpose of realizing the design of the traditional concrete mix, using the method of the optimal density which allows obtaining the dosage of the materials. In the concrete mixtures, in the fresh state the properties of workability consistency and density were evaluated, in the hardened state the compressive strength and its density were evaluated. In fresh state, the concrete with the substitute materials proved to conserve the workability, to vary the settlement and to diminish the density with respect to the traditional concrete. With respect to the resistance it was verified that the concrete elaborated with zeolite as substitute of 10% of the cement increases the resistance in the different ages analyzed and with the zeolite-lime mixture as a substitute of 10% of the cement decreases the resistance compared to the traditional concrete, but remains within the established limits; the opposite happens when the percentages of substitution are 20% and 30%, since the compressive strength with these percentages does not reach the design resistance.Item Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a compresión entre el hormigón tradicional y el hormigón con pigmentos naturales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Quijije Lage, Miriam Birmania; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe present research project aims to provide information about pigmented concrete, its benefits and applications in construction. Previously the respective tests of concrete components were carried out as indicated in the specifications of the NTE INEN, in order to design the dosage of the traditional concrete for f'c = 240 Kg/cm2 through the Universidad Central´s Method, which is used as the base for the dosages of pigmented concrete. This experimental research analyzes the effects of the addition of natural pigments on the properties of concrete in the fresh state (workability, consistency, homogeneity and density), using calcantite as a natural mineral pigment and beet as a natural vegetable pigment, additionally the concrete with synthetic pigment is considered. Several concrete dosages were designed to be made: concrete with gray cement and 4%, 7% and 10% of natural mineral pigment (calcantite) with respect to the weight of cement, concrete with gray cement and 15%, 30% and 45% of natural vegetable pigment (beet) in partial replacement of the water, concrete with white cement and 10% natural mineral pigment (calcantite) with respect to the weight of the cement, concrete with white cement and 30% of natural vegetal pigment (beet) in partial replacement of the water and concrete with gray cement and 7% synthetic pigment with respect to the weight of cement; to determine the optimum dosage by analyzing the compressive strength of specimens at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age as appropriate. The samples were elaborated according to the specifications of the NTE INEN 1576, being a total of 93 cylindrical specimens of object of study.Item Determinación de la influencia del bagazo de caña de azúcar como agregado orgánico en la resistencia a la compresión de bloques para mampostería liviana(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Narváez Guevara, Jairo Alberto; Navarro Peñaherrera, Carlos PatricioThe purpose of using cane bagasse fibers as an organic aggregate in the manufacture of light masonry, responds to the need toencourage the use of alternative materials, as well as improving the physical and mechanical characteristics of traditional blocks. For this experimental work, a blend of bagasse fibers and an elaborate dosage for light masonry blocks were prepared that meet the requirements established in 316 [1], 639 [2] and 643 [3]: Type E Blocks Nominal dimensions 40cm x 20cm x 15cm. The fibers were treated by continuous water flow for the removal of the cane's sugars, then they were cut to obtain fibers with 1 "and 2" length, which were homogeneously distributed within the blend in percentages between 0.5 % and 2.0% depending on the weight of the cement. Regarding the properties of fresh concrete with added fibers, relatively low variations were observed in relation to those presented by the concrete used for the control samples. Both workability and consistency were significantly affected by the addition of maximum fiber percentages, especially in those with longer fibers. A clear decrease in weight was found as the percentage of bagasse in the blocks increased. The water absorption capacity showed a clear increase in relation to the addition of the fibers. The results of the compressive strength tests showed that the 1 "bagasse fibers in concentrations of 0.5% to 0.75% are suitable for use as an organic aggregate for lightened blocksItem Estudio comparativo de la resistencia a compresión entre el hormigón (f´c = 240 kg/cm2), hormigón con adición de microsílice y hormigón con adición de ceniza de cáscara de trigo utilizando agregados pertenecientes a la planta de trituración “Jaime Vaca” del cantón Tena de la provincia del Napo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2017) Caiza Yungán, Klever Javier; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethThe present experimental work begins with the analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of the fine and coarse aggregate obtained from the Jaime Vaca crushing plant located in the Canoa Yacu sector of the Tena canton of the Napo province, where acceptable results were obtained concrete mix. Then two artificial pozzolans are sought to partially replace the cement and to make concrete; for which wheat husk ash with a silica content between 70% and 80% which is a residue of the agricultural industry and silica fume with a silica content of more than 95% which is a processed industrial waste was used. During the investigation, partial substitutions of the cement with different dosages were performed, that is, 20%, 24%, 28% with wheat husk ash and 7%, 11%, 15% were replaced with silica fume, making concrete specimens with the different dosages and were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The partial replacement of the cement with 20% of the wheat husk ash presented better results than with 24% and 28%, giving a strength of 212,11 kg/cm2 tested at 28 days of curing. The partial replacement of the cement with 7%, 11% and 15% of silica fume presented good results exceeding 80% the established strength of 240 kg/cm2.