Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Predicción de la resistencia a compresión en hormigón simple mediante un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Gatia Caiza, Alisson Natalia; Viscaíno Cuzco, Mayra AlexandraThe construction industry has relied on traditional methods to determine the compressive strength of concrete for the past few decades. These conventional procedures, characterized by their destructive nature and long waiting periods, have generated economic losses and delays in project execution over the years. Faced with this problem, it is appropriate to develop non-destructive predictive models that allow obtaining the compressive strength value of concrete immediately, to optimize construction processes and reduce costs associated with delays in project execution. The objective of this research work was to develop a multiple linear regression model that estimates the compressive strength of plain concrete at 7, 14, and 28 days. This research was structured in four phases to meet the established objectives: in the preliminary phase, a database was built on the physical properties that influence the compressive strength of concrete. Then, in the first phase, the predictors considered for the construction of the MLR predictive model were determined. Subsequently, in the second phase, the predictive capacity of the model was evaluated using evaluation metrics for prediction. Finally, in the third phase, the MLR model was validated by comparing its predictions with the compressive strength values obtained in concrete cylinders made with materials from the area. The multiple linear regression model built from a database with 179 records of factors that influence the compressive strength of concrete contains 13 independent variables. This model proved to have a good fit to the data, with an adjusted coefficient of determination equal to 0.7934. This value indicates that the model explains 79 percent of the behavior of the compressive strength of concrete. To evaluate the predictive capacity of the model during the testing stage, a test with 35 data was carried out, the results obtained with the evaluation metrics such as RMSE and MAPE is equal ± 20.195 kg/cm2 and 7.17 percent, respectively. Likewise, during the validation stage, the multiple linear regression model for the ages of 7, 14 and 28 days presented a MAPE of 10 percent and an RMSE equal to ± 22.148 kg/cm2. These results indicate that the proposed predictive model has an acceptable predictive capacity.Item Estudio de la resistencia a compresión del hormigón simple con reemplazo parcial de puzolanas obtenida de la calcinación de rastrojo de maíz(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Núñez Arellano, Wilson Mauricio; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethIn the present experimental work, the reduction of cement is investigated since it produces CO2 emanation in manufacturing, taking as an alternative a partial replacement with corn stover ashes for the production of simple concrete, with the purpose of increasing the resistance and thus reducing pollution. The corn stover was calcined at controlled temperatures between 500 to 750 degrees Celsius, the ash was obtained, the tests were carried out to know the physical and mechanical properties of the aggregates, corn stover ash and cement, using NTE INEN standards. It was shown that the materials were optimal, then the dosage was calculated for simple concrete and with 6, 8, 10 and 12 percent ash. 12 test tubes were made for each dosage for time intervals of 7, 14 and 28 days, giving us a total of 60 test tubes. The compression tests of the previously selected specimens were continued at 7, 14 and 28 days of curing. The concrete specimens with 6 percent ash presented positive results at 28 days as they reached a resistance of 256.77 Kg/cm2, which exceeds the resistance obtained from simple concrete of 246.00 Kg/cm2, in contrast, the resistance of 8, 10 and 12 percent with values of 210.93, 207.27, 206.89 Kg/cm2 respectively, had a significant decrease, these values do not reach the limit lower design resistance of 228 Kg/cm2. Finally, it was shown that the greater the amount of ash, the lower the strength of the concrete.Item Influencia del tamaño nominal máximo del agregado grueso en la resistencia a la compresión del hormigón simple(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Ruiz Gutiérrez, Nicole De Los Ángeles; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaThis project addresses the substantial impact that the coarse aggregate size has on the compressive strength of plain concrete. Considering sizes of 1 inch, 3/4 inch, 1/2 inch, and 3/8 inch, and design strengths of 240 kg/cm2 and 280 kg/cm2, correlations were established between both variables, considering the existing relationship between the mentioned factors. The properties of the materials to be used were determined by applying tests governed by some of the NTE INEN standards. Following this, the concrete mix designs were designed for each nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate using the Central University of Ecuador's optimum density method. A total of 72 concrete cylinders were produced (9 for each nominal maximum size). 3 cylinders were tested according to each nominal maximum size at 7, 14, and 28 days, obtaining the necessary information for the data analysis, allowing the establishment of correlations between the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate and the compressive strength. The results showed a coefficient of -0.60, indicating that as the nominal maximum size of the aggregate is reduced, strengths above 100 percent of the design strength can be obtained. Similarly, when proposing correlations with the hardened density of the concrete, this coefficient was 0.74, which means that the density has a greater influence than the size. This only occurs for the sizes mentioned in this study.Item Análisis comparativo del hormigón simple y el hormigón con fibras de caucho reciclado de neumáticos como reemplazo parcial del agregado fino y su influencia en la resistencia a la compresión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2023-03) León Merino, Alexis Sebastián; Ureña Aguirre, Maritza ElizabethFor many years the disposal of tires has been an issue that affects the world because it is one of the most difficult materials to degrade, so it is harmful to the environment. This project focuses on the use of concrete made with recycled rubber fibers as a contribution to the environment, where tests were carried out to demonstrate the increase in compressive strength. It began by subjecting the simple concrete and those containing the replacement of 5 and 10 percent of recycled rubber particles with a size of 2 to 4mm, to compression tests at the age of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, where the resistance of the simple concrete reached a maximum value of 216.71 kg/cm2, while the group with replacement of 5 and 10 percent of rubber only achieved a resistance of 164.71 and 153.87 kg/cm2 respectively, with the group with replacement of 5 and 10 percent of rubber only achieved a resistance of 164.71 and 153.87 kg/cm2 respectively. 87 kg/cm2 respectively, thus reflecting that it did not have a higher resistance than the simple concrete, for which an extra experimental group was added that conserved the dosage of the simple concrete and added rubber fibers at 5 and 10 percent plus a plasticizing additive at 2 percent, where values of 227.16 kg/cm2 at 5 percent and 220.62 kg/cm2 at 10 percent were obtained, thus demonstrating a significant increase in resistance.Item Diseño del alcantarillado sanitario para mejorar la calidad sanitaria de los sectores rurales de Palahua - San Francisco - La Esperanza, del cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2022-09) Mayorga Ayala, David Alejandro; Silva Tipantasig, Lenin Gabriel